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Course of MT- 362Material Handling
Lecture # 6
Batch Feeding and Weighing Systems:• The manufacture of any blended product typically involves the
intermediate process steps of transfer and weighing or batching of individual ingredients based upon their weight percentage in a blend. Depending on this percentage, materials are categorized as majors, minors and micros.
There are two principle batching methods for weighing and feeding bulk materials:
1. A Gain-in-Weight (GIW) batching station includes volumetric metering devices, such as screw feeders or valves, that deliver the product to a hopper on load cells. GIW batchers for the major ingredients.
2. The Loss-in-Weight (LIW) batching system employs gravimetric feeding devices, such as loss-in-weight screw or vibratory feeders, which are mounted on individual load cells or scales. LIW feeders for the micros and minors.
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
Gravimetric Feeders:In gravimetric feeding, dry bulk material or liquid is fed into a process at a constant weight per unit of time. Consistent control and complete monitoring are possible. In principle, gravimetric feeding combines monitoring of the feeding process with a feedback loop that enables accurate material control.For example spice industries, glass bottle making industries Volumetric Feeder:
volumetric feeding is the simplest, most economical feeding solution available. Bulk material is held in a hopper and constantly fed into a process per unit of time. Although there is no weight feedback to assure feeding accuracy over time, this may not be a concern for materials with consistent bulk density.For example Beverage industries.
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
Continuous Feeders:In a continuous process, all equipment components related to the required unit operations function as a single system and are designed to operate 24 / 7, except for periods of required maintenance. This increased equipment utilization.
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
• Centerboard feeder-shaped to match part,-dips and then rises -through parts to selectpart, - which then slides into feed groove
• Reciprocating feeder
Either hopper or tube reciprocates to obtain, orient,and feed items
CHUTE: a sloping channel or slide for conveying things to a lower level
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
- Blade, with edge shaped tomatch part, rotates throughparts, catching thoseoriented correctly. Partsslide on contour of blade toexit onto feeder rail
• Rotary centerboard feeder
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
• Escapement feeder- Escapement is weightedor spring-loaded to stoppart from leaving trackuntil it is snared (trapped)by the work carrier. Slopeof track feeds next partinto position
• Lead screw feeder-Parts stack up behind the screw- Rotation of screw feeds parts withdesired separation and timing.
Material Feeding and Metering Devices
Hopper
Motor
Screw
Adjustmentmechanism
Supports
Outlet
Vehicle bulk conveyor systemsSuch systems consist of conveyors that can be moved easily so that they can be used for loading and unloading of bulk material from vehicles like
TrucksRailsAircrafts
Consists ofConveyer systems (belts, rollers etc.)Driving mechanism (motor, gears, pulleys etc.)Control cabinet (electronics, sensors, transducers etc.)Transportation modes (wheel carriages, trucks etc.)
Vehicle bulk conveyer systems
Conveyer system
Electronics
Controls cabinet
Drive mechanism
Transportation mode
Vehicle bulk conveyer systems
Marine Bulk Material Handling
Marine handling equipments
• Those equipments which are used for handling of material related to sea or ocean• These may include transportation to or from
Directly from sea From islandsShipsPorts
Products associated with marine may includeMining (coal, iron, sulfur, etc.) Import export bulk materials (grains, wheat, etc.)Chemical plants (chemical processing)Petroleum productsFood products
Marine Bulk Material Handling
Material handling equipments is performed by
CranesConveyers Elevators Rails ContainersLifters
Marine Bulk Material Handling
Different stages in marine material handling
Loading/ unloading Stacking
Conveyers Reclaimers
Wagon loading
• Bulk material loading to ships
Marine Bulk Material Handling
Marine Bulk Material Handling
• Loading/ unloading
Marine Bulk Material Handling
• Stacking
• Reclaimers
Marine Bulk Material Handling
• Conveyers
Marine Bulk Material Handling
• Wagon loading
Marine Bulk Material Handling
Packaged material handling
• Packaged materials are those materials that can be easily packed in single units
• Few examples are– Food items– Medicines – Glassware– Industrial products– Electronics
Packaged material handling
• Pallets and palletizing operations– These are unit load formation equipments– The objective is to use recyclable material for the product
containers– Such material handling consist of
• Boxes• Cartons • Crates • Totes• Bags • Packets
Packaged material handling
• Pallets – Pallets are probably the most common platform for moving unit
loads. – Perhaps the most obvious area of concern associated with the
use of pallets today involves cost and quality – Poor quality pallets annually cost industry billions of dollars in
the form of • Product damage, • Lost productivity, and • Damaged handling
Packaged material handling
• Pallet construction– A pallet consist of
• Top deck/ slat• Bottom deck/ slat• Blocks• Stringer board (support/ connector)• Guide ways for fork lifter forks• Guide ways for hand-trucks forks
Packaged material handling
Packaged material handling
• Pallet construction– Size of pallet is specified by its depth (i.e., length of its
stringers or stringer boards) and its width (i.e., length its deck-boards)—pallet height (typically 5 in.) is usually not specified
– 48 × 40 in. (1200 × 1000 mm) pallet is most popular in the US, because its compatibility with railcar and truck trailer dimensions; e.g., the GMA (Grocery Manufacturers of America) pallet is four-way and made of hardwood
– 1200 × 800 mm “Euro-Pallet” is the standard pallet in Europe
– Single-face pallets are sometimes referred to as “skids”
Packaged material handling
• Pallet material– A key decision affecting the overall life cycle cost of pallets is the
materials used in their manufacture– The pallet materials include
• Wood• Pressed wood fiber• Corrugated fiberboard• Plastic • Metal
Corrugated : a material shaped into a series of parallel ridges and grooves so as to give added rigidity and strength
Packaged material handling
Wooden palletsCorrugated fiberboard
Packaged material handling
Pressed wood fiber pallets
Packaged material handling
Plastic pallet Metal pallet
Packaged material handling
• Advantages of using different material pallets– Wooden pallets are sold each year than any other type due to
the versatility, low cost, biodegradability and recyclability of this material
– Pressed wood fiber is a combination of wood fibers and organic resins which eliminates the need for nails and enables the molding of pallets into more space efficient designs
Packaged material handling
• Advantages of using different material pallets– Disposable, corrugated fiberboard pallets can be made of
recycled paper materials and provide a light weight, low cost alternative for one way shipping when loads do not need to be stored outdoors
– Durable plastic and metal pallets may provide the low cost alternative over the full pallet life cycle despite their high initial cost
• Both of these materials are recyclable, can be sanitized for clean applications, and can be used in the most demanding applications
Packaged material handling
• Palletizing – It is the process of stacking the product to
form a unit load– Palletizing operation may be through the
following methods• Manual • Automated /robotic
Packaged material handling
• Manual palletizing
Packaged material handling
• Automated/ robotic method
Packaged material handling
• Pallet positioner – It is a tool which fulfills the ergonomics requirements of an
operator– It consist of a turn-table, drive mechanism, damping system and
control device– It can be operated
• Manually• Hydraulically • Motorized
Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.
Packaged material handling• Pallet positioner