counting up by two's

Sequence

Fits my rule? Guess the rule How sure?

2, 4, 6, :-) counting up by two's 50%

6, 8, 10 :-) counting up by two's 60%

20,22,24 :-) counting up by two's 70%

3, 5, 7 :-) counting up by two's 80%

25, 27, 29 :-) counting up by two's 90%

200, 202, 204

:-) counting up by two's 100%

counting up by two's

Sequence

Fits my rule? Guess the rule How sure?

2, 4, 6, :-) counting up by two's 50%

6, 8, 10 :-) counting up by two's 60%

20,22,24 :-) counting up by two's 70%

1, 9, 20 :-) counting up 80%

27, 13, 4 :-( counting up 90%

55, 2, 99 :-( counting up 100%

Assuming that each card has a triangle on one side and a circle on the other, how many cards to I need to turn over to test the statement:

Every card that has a black triangle on one side has a red circle on the other?

Chapter 1Critical Thinking

Theory:Low self-esteem feeds depression

Hypothesis:

People with low self-esteem are more likely to feel depressed

Observation:Case studiesSurveyscorrelational studiesNaturalistic observationExperiment

Correlational Studies

Surveys

Naturalistic observation

Case studies

DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVATIO

NS

BackBack

Advantages Disadvantages

Observe in settings that arenot artificial.

helps begin investigation.DISconfirm something.provides insight into specificcases

expensive, time-consumingUnrepresentativeCan be misleading

QuickCheapCan gather a lot of data

Are they valid?Not always complete or accurate representation of individual's abilities,

Can gain insight into relationships.can PREDICT things.

Cannot make statements that one thing causes another thing.

No Control over SettingNo Control over setting

Naturalistic observation

BackBack

·observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Case studies

BackBack

·Psychologists study one or more individuals in great depth in the hope of revealing things true of us allJohn/Joan

Genie

Phineas Gage

Do you roll you toilet paper over or under?

Where do you squeeze the toothpaste?

Look behind the shower curtain in someone else's bathroom?

How do you eat corn on the cob?

How do you eat your Oreos?

Have you seen a ghost?

Do you skip to the end of the book?

Have you ever flossed your teeth...with hair?

68% roll over the spool.

79% squeeze from top

7% say "yes"

80% eat in circles

50% whole; 18 twist halves apart; 15% dunk them; rest smash or add to another desert

7% say "yes"

27% say they do

10% have

Any questions about this survey or the results?

Surveys

Random Selection

Population

sample

BackBack

Red

Blue

Green

Yellow

Brown

Blue

Total

# %

Correlational Studies

does not mean causation

scatterplot

Prediction

Strength

Direction

BackBack

IMPO

RTANT

shoe size

height

5'1

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5

54

5'5

5'6

5'7

5'8

5'9

5'10

5'11

6'

6'1

6'2

6'3

6'4

6'5

6'6

5'3

5'2

Variable A Variable B

Variable C

EXPERIMENTSGroups

ControlExperimentalRandom Assignment

Controls variables in order to make a statement about causation

Variables

Independent

Dependent

Operational definitions of

IMPO

RTANT

Attachments

writing experimental hypotheses.doc

write theory.doc

operational definition of variables wksht.doc