Council of Europe Annual Penal Statisticswp.unil.ch/space/files/2018/03/SPACE-I-2016-Final-Report-180315.pdf · Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: SPACE I – 2016 1 Strasbourg,

MARCELOF.AEBI

MÉLANIEM.TIAGO

LÉABERGER-KOLOPP

CHRISTINEBURKHARDT

CRIMINOLOGYRESEARCHUNITSCHOOLOFCRIMINALJUSTICEUNIVERSITYOFLAUSANNE

SWITZERLAND

FINALREPORT

CouncilofEurope

AnnualPenalStatistics

SPACEI–PrisonPopulations

Survey2016

Strasbourg 20.03.2018

pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2017)10 PC-CP(2017)10

CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2016 1

Strasbourg,20December2017,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2017)10 PC-CP(2017)10

This report has been written by Marcelo F. Aebi, Mélanie, M. Tiago, Léa Berger-Kolopp and Christine

BurkhardtonbehalfoftheCouncilforPenologicalCooperation(PC-CP)oftheCouncilofEurope,Strasbourg,

France.

The report has been prepared under a contractwith theAction against CrimeDepartment, InformationSocietyandActionagainstCrimeDirectorate,DGI-DirectorateGeneralHumanRightsandRuleofLawoftheCouncilofEurope.IthasalsoreceivedsupportfromtheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland.

CountrybasedinformationonpenalinstitutionsandprisonpopulationswascollectedthroughtheSPACEI2016questionnaire(Ref:PC-CP(2017)10)andanalysedbytheauthorsofthisreport.Inaddition,duringthepreparationofthereport,threevalidationprocedureswereapplied:internal,cross-nationalandpeer-

review.

Theresponsibilityforthecontentofthisreportlieswiththeauthors,andthecontentdoesnotrepresent

the views of the Council of Europe; nor is the PC-CP responsible for any use thatmay bemade of the

informationcontainedherein.

Suggestedcitation[APAnorms]:

Aebi,M.F.,Tiago,M.M.,Berger-Kolopp,L.&Burkhardt,C.(2017).SPACEI–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Prisonpopulations.Survey2016.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope

©CouncilofEurope&UniversityofLausanne,2017

Reproductionisauthorised,exceptforcommercialpurposes,providedthatthesourceisacknowledged.

2 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2016


Key points of SPACE I 2016

1. Theparticipationrateinthe2016SPACEISurveywas90%:47outofthe52PrisonAdministrationsin

the47MemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropeansweredthequestionnaire1.

2. ThemedianEuropeanPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]was117.1inmatesper100000inhabitants.Thisrepresented a slight increase of around 1% compared to 2015 (when themedian valuewas 115.7

inmatesper100000inhabitants).Asmedianvaluesarelesssensitivetoextremefigures(i.e.verylow

prisonpopulationratesinsmallcountrieswithlessthan1minhabitants),itispreferabletousemedian

valuesasamorereliablealternativetoaveragefigures.Therefore,allthefigurespresentedinthe“Keypoints”sectionrefertomedianvaluesunlessotherwiseindicated.

3. On 1st September 2016, there were 859 102 inmates held in the penal institutions of the 47

administrationsthatparticipatedinthissurvey.Thisnumberraisesto1505187whenestimatesofthe

inmatesheldintheRussianFederationareincluded.Onthesamedatein2015,therewererespectively

840648and1483118inmates(forexactlythesameprisonadministrations).

4. On1stSeptember2016,Europeanprisonswerenearthetopoftheircapacity,holdingamedianvalue

ofalmost92inmatesper100places.Inparticular,27.7%ofPrisonAdministrationswereexperiencing

overcrowding.Since2009,Europeanprisondensityhasremainedcloseto100%.

5. ThemedianageoftheEuropeanprisonpopulationwas35years,whichisthesameasin2015.

6. Themedianproportionoffemaleinmateswas5.3%ofthetotalprisonpopulation.Comparedtothe

sameindicatorin2015(5.2%),thereisnosignificantdifference.24%offemaleinmateswerepre-trial

detainees,thesameproportionasin2015.

7. Themedianproportionofforeigninmateswas11.6%ofthetotalprisonpopulation.Yet,therearevery

bigdifferencesbetweencountries, from0.0%inSanMarinotoalmost94%inMonaco. In2015, the

sameindicatorwas10.8%.

8. Inmates were sentenced mainly for the following types of criminal offences: theft (18.9%), drug

offences(17.5%),robbery(12.6%),andhomicide(12.1%).

9. Lengthofcustodialsentences:

a. Themedianproportionofsentencedprisonerswhowereservingsentencesshorterthanone

yearwas13.3%,whichisaroundthesameproportionasin2015(13.8%).

b. Themostcommoncategoryregarding lengthofsentenceswasthat lasting fromoneto less

thanthreeyears(themedianpercentageofinmatesinthiscategorywas26.4%).

c. 13% of inmates were serving very long sentences of 10 years and over. This proportion

remainedclosetothefiguresrecordedin2015(11%)and2014(12%).

10. Themedianvaluefortheaveragelengthofimprisonmentin2015was8months,whichissimilartotheoneobservedin2014.Themediandurationofpre-traildetentionremainedapproximatelythesame:it

was3.4monthsin2015,comparedtoaround4monthsin2014and2013.

11. Themedianmortalityratein2015was31deathsper10000inmates.

12. Themedianamountspentperdayandperinmatein2015was51euros.Thisis9euroslessthanin2014(60euros).TheamountsvarywidelyacrossEurope:from6eurosinMoldovatomorethan700

eurosperdayandperinmateinSanMarino.The42PrisonAdministrationsthatprovideddataonthis

issuespentmorethan18billioneurosin2015fortheirpenitentiaryneeds.

13. Therewerealmost3inmatesperonecustodianin2016.

1ThePrisonAdministrationsthatdidnotanswertheSPACEquestionnaireareLiechtenstein,Ukraine,RussianFederation,

andtwoofthethreeAdministrationsofBosniaandHerzegovina(BiHFederationandStateLevel).



Contents

KeypointsofSPACEI2016____________________________________________________ 2

Contents__________________________________________________________________ 3

SurveyBackground _________________________________________________________ 5

0.1Generaloverview_____________________________________________________________5

0.2Generalnotes________________________________________________________________7

0.3MainmodificationsmadeinthelatestSPACEIsurveys(2008-16)______________________8

ExplanatorynotestotheReport_______________________________________________ 9

A.GlobalIndicatorsofPrisonPopulationson1stSeptember2016_________________________9

B.PrisonMovementsduring2015 _________________________________________________16

C.PrisonStaff__________________________________________________________________21

ConventionsandStatisticalMeasures ______________________________________________23Conventionsused __________________________________________________________________ 23Measuresofcentraltendency_________________________________________________________ 23

DemographicData______________________________________________________________24

DataValidationProcedure _______________________________________________________25

StatisticalTables __________________________________________________________ 26

A. PrisonPopulations:Globalindicatorson1stSeptember2016________________________27A.1.Legislativeandothermeasureswhichdirectlyinfluencetrendsinthenumberofprisoners____ 28Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2016_______________________________ 37Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofinmatesintable1_______________________ 38Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2016(bycategories) _________________ 46Figure1.A:Countrieswithmorethan100prisonersper100000inhabitants(highestprisonpopulationrates)____________________________________________________________________________ 51Figure1.B:Countrieswithprisonovercrowding(morethan100prisonersper100places) ________ 51Table1.4:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2016bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures)__________________________________________________ 54Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2006and2016___________________________ 56Table1.6:Year-to-yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2015and2016 ____ 58Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility_________________________________________________ 61Table2.1.:MinorsandpersonsAged18andoveron1stSeptember2016______________________ 62Table2.2:Minorsamonginmateson1stSeptember2016___________________________________ 63Figure2:Countrieswiththeyoungest(lessthan34years)prisonpopulationclassifiedbydecreasingmedianage _______________________________________________________________________ 66Table2.3:AverageandMedianagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2016____________ 66Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2016 ________________________________________ 67Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2016 __________________________________________ 69Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2016__________________________________________ 71Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2016(numbers)___________________ 74Table5.1:Detaineesnotservingafinalsentenceon1stSeptember2016(percentagesandrates)___ 77



Table5.2:Dangerousoffendersundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2016(numbersandpercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 79Table6:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2016(numbers) ___ 82Table6.1:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2016(percentages)83Table7:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2016(numbers) 87Table7.1:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stseptember2016(percentages)______________________________________________________________________ 92Table7.2:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2016(cumulativepercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 93Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2016(percentages)________________________________________________________ 94Figure3:Countrieswithhighestpercentagesofprisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear________ 95

B. PrisonMovementsduring2015 _______________________________________________96Table8:FlowofEntriestoPenalInstitutionsin2015_______________________________________ 97Table9:FlowofReleasesfromPenalInstitutionsin2015__________________________________ 101Table10:TurnoverRatioofinmatesIN2015____________________________________________ 106Figure4:CountrieswithlowestturnoverratiosIn2015 ___________________________________ 108Table11.A:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2015,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions___________________________________________________________ 109Table11.B:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2015,basedonthetotalstockofinmatesinpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2015_______________________________________________ 112Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2015 ____________________________________ 113Table13:DeathsinPenalInstitutionsin2015(bytypeofregistereddeath) ___________________ 115Table13.1:SuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2015_________________________________________ 117Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2015________________________ 118Figure5:Suiciderateper10000inmatesin2015________________________________________ 120Table14:Expensesinpenalinstitutionsin2015(in€)_____________________________________ 121Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2015,inTable14 _____ 123

C. PrisonStaff_______________________________________________________________127Table15:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE),on1stSeptember2016(numbersandpercentages)____________________________________________ 128Table16:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE),employedbyprisonadministration,on1stSeptember2016(numbers)__________________________________ 131Table16.1:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE),employedbyprisonadministration,on1stSeptember2016(Percentages)_______________________________ 133Table17:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE),Notemployedbyprisonadministration,on1stSeptember2016(numbers)_______________________________ 139Table17.1:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE),Notemployedbyprisonadministration,on1stSeptember2016(Percentages) ____________________________ 141Table18:Ratioofinmatespercustodian(employedbyprisonadministration)on1stSeptember2016________________________________________________________________________________ 144Figure6:Highestratesofinmatesperonecustodianon1stSeptember2016 __________________ 145

ListofTablesandFigures___________________________________________________ 146



COUNCILOFEUROPEANNUALPENALSTATISTICS–SPACEI2016:SURVEYONPRISONPOPULATIONS

MarceloF.Aebi,Mélanie,M.Tiago,LéaBerger-KoloppandChristineBurkhardt2

Survey Background

0.1 General overview TheSPACEI2016annualreportispartoftheSPACEproject3.Thisprojectproducesannualoverviewon

mainindicatorsofcustodialandnon-custodialactivitiesinallMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope.

Thefirstpartoftheproject(SPACEI)providesdataonthepopulationsheldincustodyand/orinothertypesofpenalinstitutionsacrossEurope.Moreover,thisreportcontainsusefulinformationabouttheconditions

ofdetention(e.g.capacity,expenses,staff),aswellasaboutthecustodialmovement(e.g.entries,releases,

deaths,escapes).

Thesecondpartoftheproject(SPACEII)focusesonpersonsservingnon-custodialsanctionsandmeasures.Aseparatereport4isproducedonthesecategoriesofpenalpopulationssupervisedincommunity.

Both reports have the common goal of ensuring as much as possible the collection, analyses andinterpretationofreliabledatathroughacommonmethodology.Inparticular,thequestionnairesusedfor

the collection of the data were designed to allow the maximum comparability between Prison

administrationsandProbationagencies,aswellasamongMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope(CoE).

For writing this report, national raw data and comments were collected by means of the standard

questionnaire,whichwasansweredbycorrespondentsineachCoEMemberState.Generally,thenational

correspondentsinchargeofcollecting,explainingandvalidatingtherawdataarerepresentativesofthe

PrisonAdministrations.

Since2004, theSPACEquestionnairesare regularly improvedon thebasisofpreviousexperiencesand

accordingtotheassessmentsmadebyexternalpeerreviewersandCoErecommendations.SPACEI2016

questionnairecorrespondstothemethodologicalrequirementsadoptedforthepresentsurveyandensures

asfaraspossiblethecomparisonwiththehistoricalSPACEIseries,startedin1983.

Themodificationsmadesince2004allowabettervisibilityofthecategoriesincludedbyeachcountryin

theirstatistics.The largeamountofdetails iscollectedthroughthemetadata5comprisingnationalrules

applied forproducingprisonstatistics.Theanswers to thesequestions–presentedmainly inTable1.1–suggest that cross-national comparisons of prison populations must be conducted cautiously as the

categories included in the total number of inmates vary from country to country. The same is true for

2MarceloF.Aebi,Professor,Mélanie,M.Tiago,LéaBerger-Kolopp,ResearcherandChristineBurkhardt,Researcher:SchoolofCriminalSciences:CriminologyandPenalLaw,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland3WebsiteoftheSPACEProject:www.unil.ch/space4Aebi,M.F.&Chopin,J.(2017).SPACEII–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Personsservingnon-custodialsanctionsandmeasures.Survey2016.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope 5Metadatacorrespondtothecategoriesofinformationthatdescribeandexplainthestatisticaldata.InSPACEreportsthemetadataarepresentedasconstitutivesubcategoriesofthelargervariables(e.g.totalprisonpopulation),aswellastheguidelinesappliedwhilethe

dataarecollected(e.g.specialdefinitionsofthecategoriesofoffences,ofthelengthsofsentencesimposed,theapplicationofthemain

offence rule).Moreover, the larger understanding ofmetadata bring through the comments the clarifications related to the national

classifications,legislationsandotherframeworkdecisionslikelytohaveinfluencedthecategoriesofprisonpopulations.



comparisons of prison mortality (see Table 13 & 13.2) and, more specifically, of suicides which haveoccurredinpenalinstitutions(seeTable13.1).

SPACEWEBSITE Aside from the data presented in this report, the Website of the SPACE project

provides some other useful information on custodial and non-custodial activities

acrossEurope(e.g.recidivismstudies,usefullinksandaddressesinregardwiththe

PrisonandProbationadministrations).

PROJECTDEADLINES ConcerningthedeadlinesoftheSPACEI2016survey,itshouldbestatedthatthedata

collectionstartedattheendofJuly2017,whenallPrisonAdministrationsoftheCoEMemberStatesreceivedthequestionnaire.Thedeadlineforthedata-collectionwas

seton15thSeptember2017.Atthisdate,13countriesansweredthequestionnaire.



0.2 General notes Figures on prison population (stock) as well as on staff employed by prison administrations relate to1stSeptember 2016; while the number of entries/releases into/from penal institutions (flow), totalnumberofdaysspentintheseinstitutions,andincidentsthatoccurredduringtheyear(i.e.escapes,deaths

andsuicides)relatetothewholeyear2015.

Whendataon1stSeptember2016werenotavailable, theMemberStateswereasked touse theclosest

possibledateofreference.TheexceptionsareexpresslystatedinthenotestotheTablesconcerned.

Theforty-sevenMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropein2016countedfifty-twoPrisonAdministrationsundertheircontrol.

90%ofPrisonAdministrationsinthe47CouncilofEuropememberstatesanswered

theSPACEI2016Questionnaire

Thismeansthat47outofthe52PrisonAdministrationsansweredthequestionnaire.Theonesthatdidnot

answeritareLiechtenstein,Ukraine,RussianFederation,andtwoofthethreeAdministrationsofBosnia

andHerzegovina(BiHFederationandStateLevel).

Datawere not available for the following geopolitical entities: Crimea, Transdniestria, Abkhazia, South

Ossetia,Nagorno-KarabakhandthedependenciesinEurope,i.e.FaroeIsland,Gibraltar,Guernsey,Isleof

Man, Jersey.Data forBelarus (not aCoEmember), northernpartofCyprusandKosovo isnot included

either.

Themajorityofthecountriesansweredthequestionnaireafterthedeadline(theinitialdeadlinewasseton

15th September2016).Moreover, somecountriesdelayed the supplyof their responsesuntilDecember

2017.ThelastquestionnairesweresentduringDecember2017.

Atthesametime,forsomeofthecountriesthatansweredthequestionnaireontime,thevalidationprocess

(seeDataValidationProcedure)tookseveralmonths.

Finally,forafewcountries(andinparticularforsomespecificfigures)thedatavalidationprocedurecould

notbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets.



0.3 Main modifications made in the latest SPACE I surveys (2008-16)

Prison population

• In the SPACE I 2016, the item concerning the breakdown by main offense has been changed, a new category was created, Road trafficoffenses, and two have been deleted (because of data unavailability), Organized crime and Cybercrime are now to integrate in Others.• A new item concerning foreigners (and their legal establishment in the country) has been added in SPACE I 2016.

• In orde to have a more accurate vision of prison density, a new item about the possibility of an inmate spending the night in an

individual cell was added in SPACE I 2016.

• Concerning penal institutions capacity, a new question about the total number of cells in penal institutions was added in 2015.

• New offenses have been added in the SPACE I 2014 questionnaire.

• New item on private facilities was added in the SPACE I 2011 questionnaire.• An item has been added in order to measure the number of persons under security measures and those serving preventive detention

for dangerous offenders (SPACE I 2011).

• Regarding the legal status of prisoners, two additional subcategories have been included: persons detained because of the revocation,suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation and persons detained as a consequence of the conversion of a fine (finedefaulters). This item was first used in the SPACE I 2009.

• The following categories of offences have been added in the SPACE I 2009 questionnaire: economic and financial offences, terrorismand organised crime.• Under the category of juvenile offenders held in special institutions, an additional item (introduced in the SPACE I 2009) allows

getting information on the number of the persons aged 18 and over.

• Until SPACE I 2009, only general questions on foreign inmates were asked. In the SPACE I 2010, an item on foreign prisoners who are

citizens of Member States of the European Union has been added.

• An item on the number of juvenile foreign inmates (aged less than 18) was added since SPACE I 2012.

• Since the SPACE I 2010, the questionnaire allows a distinction between male and female mortality in custody.

Conditions &Metadata

•Regarding the capacity of penal institutions, a more accurate definition was included in the 2015 survey. furthemore, the SPACE I

questionnaire now includes a further item asking about the matching between the SPACE I definition of capacity, and the definition of

capacity used by CoE members when collecting the data.

• Regarding the category of institutions foreseen for detention before trial, in the SPACE I 2013 the more extensive definition was set

up allowing a more reliable understanding of investigative institutions before trial.

• Since the SPACE I 2010 and revised in 2011, a new breakdown by categories was designed for the capacity of penal institutions. More

reliable information has been collected on institutions for pre-trial detention, places for persons serving custodial sentences and for

juvenile offenders, and places in other types of institutions for the detention of inmates.

• In former SPACE questionnaires -before the SPACE I 2008- there was a slight difference between the French and the English

definitions of assault and battery. While the English version referred to assault, the French version referred to assault and battery(coups et blessures volontaires). This problem has been solved and both versions refer now to assault and battery.• Former SPACE questionnaires -before the SPACE I 2008- referred to rape, but an analysis of the answers received suggested thatsome countries were including other sexual offences under that heading. As a consequence, sexual offences have been divided in two

categories: rape and other types of sexual offences.• In order to avoid as far as possible the misinterpretation of the figures, special attention has been given to the codes used to answer

the questions when no data were available (i.e. NA, NAP).

Custodial events

• In the SPACE I 2016 the questions concerning custodial staff have been reorganize, some new categories have been created in order to

facilitate interpretation an clarify concepts.

• New items on deaths in the penal institution have been in the SPACE I 2014 questionnaire.• Since the SPACE I 2011 and 2012, the former item on the number of deaths was slightly improved: specific categories on the causes of

death have been used (homicides, accidents, drug/alcohol intoxications, suicides, other causes).

• In the questionnaires SPACE I 2010, 2011 and 2012, some clarifications were introduced in the definitions of other items, such as the

counting units used in each country and the date of reference for the information.

• Since the SPACE I 2008, the category of entries to penal institutions has been completed with several follow up questions in order to

distinguish transfers from the rest of the entries. In the SPACE I 2010, this item was fully revised and allows taking into account

international tranfers.

• In the SPACE I 2010, an item with 5 sub-categories has been designed in order to collect information on releases from penal

institutions (including conditional releases and external placements).

Prison policies

• The item foreseen for the information on the changes in national prison policies and on the events that may have had an influence on

the number of inmates was divided in several categories and allows a more reliable comparison among countries (since the SPACE I

2008 questionnaire).

• Since the SPACE I 2010, special attention was given to the issue of the age of criminal responsibility and the minimal age for the use of

custodial sanctions and measures.



Explanatory notes to the Report INBRIEF… The present report includes global indicators of the prison populations on

1stSeptember2016(PartA)aswellasdataontheflowofentries,flowofreleases,lengthofimprisonment,escapesanddeathsincustodyforthewholeyear2015(PartB). One chapter (Part C) deals with the personnel employed by the PrisonAdministrationsandthosewhoworkinsidepenalinstitutions.

Inordertoensureasmuchaspossiblethecomparabilityacrosscountries,somefiguresarepresentedonly

asrawdatainthetables.Therefore,figuresthatdidnotseemtofitthedefinitionsusedinthequestionnairewerenotintegratedinthetableswithcalculationsofratesandpercentages.

A. Global Indicators of Prison Populations on 1st September 2016

Thesituationofprisonpopulationsonagivendateoftheyear(stockstatistics)issetinTables1to7.3.Thenumberofinmatesvariesovertimeundertheinfluenceofthenumberofentriesintoandreleasesfrom

penalinstitutionsandthelengthofthestaysintheseinstitutions.

Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2016

(a) Total number of inmates (including pre-trial detainees). This indicator is commonly known asprison stock. Usually, in the total number of inmates are included the standard categories ofinmates,suchaspersonsheldinsidepenalinstitutionsatagivendateand,morespecifically,pre-

trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners.Sometimescountriesincludeaswell juvenileoffenders.

Nevertheless,itbecomescommontoobserveinsideprisonstockthefollowingcategories:persons

underpenal(therapeutic)measures,personsheldinprivatefacilities,orthoseheldinopenpenal

institutions.Moreover,inprisonstockmayalsobeincludedinmatesdetainedforadministrative

reasons, under security measure, recalled from probation, under electronic monitoring, fine-

defaulters,etc.

(b) Prisonpopulationrate6per100000inhabitantscorrespondstotheratioofthenumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)per100000populationofeachcountry,asof1stSeptember2016.

Taking into account that the informationon thepopulationsof the countries is availableon1st

Januaryofeachyear,thefiguresusedforthecalculationsarerespectivelyon1stJanuary2016for

thetotalpopulationofthecountriesand1stSeptember2016fortheprisonpopulation.

(c) Capacity of penal institutions: number of places available in penal institutions for theaccommodationoftheinmates.Areexcludedfromthecalculationofthecapacityallspacesthat

primaryweredesignedforotherneedsthantheproperaccommodationoftheinmates(e.g.storage

places,classrooms,corridors,showerrooms).

(d) Totalnumberofcellsavailableinpenalinstitutionsforaccommodationofinmates.

(e) Surface areaper inmate (calculated in squaremeters).This indicator should correspond to thesurfaceeffectivelyavailableperinmate.Accordingtolegalprovisions,eachinmateshoulddisposeofindividualareainsidethecell,excludingcommonplacessuchasshowerenclosures,WC,sport

areas,classroomsandothercommonspacesinsideapenalinstitution.

(f) Prison density per 100 places of the regular capacity. This indicator corresponds to the ratiobetweenthenumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)andthenumberofplacesavailable

6Thisindicatorissometimesreferredtoasdetentionrate,orprisonerrate,orimprisonmentrate,butthesetermsareambiguous.ThereforetheCouncilofEuropehasadoptedthetermprisonpopulationrate.



in penal institutions. Generally, the indicator of prison density is used for assessment of

overcrowding.

(g) Average number of inmates per cell: corresponds to the calculation of the average number ofinmates per cell taking into account the total number of inmates and the total number of cells

availableinpenalinstitutions.

Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners

TABLE1.1:

METADATA

ü Table1.1showsthatthecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonersvary

fromcountrytocountry.

ü Asaconsequence, internationalcomparisonsofprisonpopulationrates,as the

onesperformedinTable1,cannotberegardedasunproblematic.

ü ThismethodologicalissuemustbekeptinmindwhenusingdatafromTable1and

similarTables.

ThegoalofTable1.1 istoclarifythecategoriesofpersonsincludedinthecalculationofthetotalprisonpopulationheldindifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions.ThisTableincludestheanswersYes,NoorNAP[notapplicable]tothequestion:

Doesthetotalnumberofinmatesincludethefollowingcategories?

A. Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial7

B. Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(2)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare

18yearsandover

C. Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(3)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare

18yearsandover

D. Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions

E. Personswithpsychiatricdisordersheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenal

institutions

F. Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1)Ifthesepersonsarecounted(6),howmanyofthemareheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignatedforthistypeof

detention

G. Personsheld in private facilities (e.g. private prisons, detention centres, establishments for the

application of certain penal measures [e.g. centres for the treatment of psychiatric disorders,

centresforthetreatmentofaddictionsetc.])

H. Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoring

7Underthisitemareincludedpersonsheldininstitutionsotherthantheregularpenalfacilities.Inparticular,theseinstitutionsmaybe

police stations, temporarydetention centres forpersonsmakingat thedisposal to the judicial authorities (e.g. izoljatorvremennogo

soderzhanija[RUS,UKRetc.],pomeshheniefunkcionirujushheevrezhimesledstvennogoizoljatora[RUS],investigativedetentionfacilities

[BGR],andborderpolice/borderguards’cells)oranyothersimilarinstitution.



Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2016(bycategories)

(1) Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutions

ü Possibilityofaccommodationofinmatesinindividualcellsatnight

ü Totalnumberofcellsinpenalinstitutions

ü Surfaceareaperprisoner(m2/inmate)

(2) Capacityofremandinstitutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences

a. Capacityofremandinstitutions/sections(“pre-trials”)

b. Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence

(3) Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders

(4) Capacityofothertypesofinstitutions

Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2016:adjustedfigures

In thisTable, figures fromTable1 areadjustedaccording to the informationprovided inTable1.1.Theadjustmentconsistsinexcluding–wheneverpossible–allthecategoriesofTable1.1fromthetotalnumberofinmates,andrecalculatingtherateofinmatesheldinpenalinstitutionsforadultoffendersper100000inhabitants.ThefiguresincludedinthisTablearecomparableestimates;nevertheless,thesefiguresshouldnotbeconsideredasofficialnationaldata.

Table1.4: Situationofpenal institutionson1stSeptember2016bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures)

InthisTable,countriesareclassifiedinadecreasingorderaccordingtotheirprisonpopulationratesper

100000inhabitantson1stSeptember2016.

ü Ontheleft-handsideoftheTable,theyareclassifiedaccordingtothenon-adjusted(official)figures,

and

ü ontheright-handsidetheyareclassifiedaccordingto theadjusted(calculated) figures(seethe

explanationtoTable1.3).

ü Thelastcolumninformsaboutthedifference inpercentagebetweenadjustedandnon-adjusted

figures.Inordertoensureanappropriatereadingofthistableparticularattentionshouldbepaid

totheexplanatorynotesofTables1and1.1.

Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2006and2016

ThisTablepresentsthetotalnumberofprisoners(includingpre-trialdetainees)andtheprisonpopulation

rateper100000inhabitantson1stSeptemberofeachyearfrom2006to2016.Dataareretrievedfromthe

relevantSPACEIreports.TheTableindicatesalsotheevolution(inpercentages)ofprisonpopulationrates

between2006and2016aswellasbetween2015and2016.

Table1.6:Year-to-Yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2015and2016

ThisTableshowstheevolutionofprisonpopulationratesbetween2015and2016.Countriesareclassified

inthreecategoriesaccordingtotheincrease,stabilityordecreaseoftheirprisonpopulationratesbetween1stSeptember2015and1stSeptember2016:

Increaseofmorethan5% Between–5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%

Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility

(a) Ageofcriminalresponsibility:startingfromthisage,juvenilesareconsideredasoldenoughtobe



recognisedasresponsibleforcriminaloffencesperpetratedandtobetriedunderacriminaljustice

systemwhichisspecifictothem;

(b) Minimalagefortheuseofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures:startingfromthisage,itispossibletosentenceajuveniletocustodyortoeducationmeasuresinclosedpenalinstitutions;

(c) Ageofcriminalmajority:startingfromthisagethepersonshouldbetriedundercriminaljusticesystemforadultsanddonotbenefitfromanyspecialconditionofajuvenile.

Table2.1:Minorsandpersonsaged18andoveron1stSeptember2016

Thistableincludesrawdataandcalculatedpercentagesofinmateslessthan18yearsofage.Normally,in

thesefiguresarealsoincludedpre-trialdetainees.

ü Totalnumberofminorinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees).

ü Custodialversuseducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Table2.2:Minorsamonginmateson1stSeptember2016

ü Numberoffemalesagedlessthan18.

ü Numberoffemaleinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees).

ü %ofminorsamongfemaleinmates.

ü Numberofmalesagedlessthan18(includingpre-trialdetainees).

ü %ofminorsamongfemaleinmates.

Table2.3:MedianandAverageagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2016

ThistableincludesthemedianandaveragevaluescalculatedbynationalPrisonAdministrations.

Oneadditionalgraph(Figure2)completesthetablewiththedistributionofthecountrieswiththeyoungestprisonpopulations(thedistributionisbasedonthemedianvalues).

Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2016

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonfemaleprisoners:

(1) Totalnumberandpercentageoffemaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(2) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

(3) Foreignfemaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

(4) Juvenilefemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2016

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonmaleprisoners:

ü Totalnumberandpercentageofmaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

ü Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

ü Foreignmaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

ü Juvenilemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2016

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonforeignprisoners:

(a) Totalnumberandpercentageofforeigninmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;



(b) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofforeigninmates;

(c) ForeigninmatescitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:numberandpercentage;

(d) Foreigninmateswithlegalresidentstatus:numberandpercentage:

(e) Minorforeignersagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage;

(f) Inmatesforwhichthenationalityisunknown.

Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2016(numbers)

ü Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionreachedyet):Thesepersonsarecommonlyknownaspre-trialdetainees;

ü Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet;

ü Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitsfordoingso;

ü Detaineeswhohavenot receiveda final sentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservinga custodial

sentenceinadvance;

ü Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence)–Including:

a. Personsdetainedasaconsequenceoftheconversionofafine(finedefaulters)

b. Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;

ü Othercases.

Table5.1:Detaineesnotservingafinalsentenceon1stSeptember2016(percentagesandrates)

ThisTableconcernsprisonersnotservingfinalsentences.

Table5.2:Dangerousoffendersplacedundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2016(numbersandpercentages)

ThisTableconcernsprisonersplacedunderspecialpenalmeasures.Theseinmatesareusuallydefinedas

dangerousoffenders. Themeasures applied to themmay takedifferentnames suchas securitymeasure,securepreventivedetentionorpreventivesupervision.

RECOMMENDATION

CM/REC(2014)3

(STRASBOURG,19

FEBRUARY2014)8

Adangerousoffenderisapersonwhohasbeenconvictedofaveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimeagainstpersonsandwhopresentsahighlikelihoodofre-offendingwithfurtherveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimesagainstpersons.

Treatmentincludes,butisnotlimitedto,medical,psychologicaland/orsocialcarefortherapeutic purposes. Itmay serve to reduce the risk posed by the person andmayincludemeasurestoimprovethesocialdimensionoftheoffender’slife.

Secure preventive detentionmeans detention imposedby the judicial authority onaperson,tobeservedduringorafterthefixedtermofimprisonmentinaccordancewithitsnationallaw.Itisnotimposedmerelybecauseofanoffencecommittedinthepast,butalsoonthebasisofanassessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

Preventive supervision means measures of control, monitoring, surveillance orrestrictionofmovementimposedonapersonafterheorshehascommittedacrimeandafter he or she has served a prison sentence or instead of. It is not imposedmerelybecauseofanoffencecommit ted in thepast,butalsoon thebasisofanassessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

8PartI–Definitionsandbasicprinciples:http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/cdpc/PC-GR-DD/Recomm%202014_3_E_final.pdf



Each Member State has its own legislation concerning the special requirements and conditions for

institutional placement/imprisonment of this category of offenders. Yet, only the following comparable

categorieshavebeenincludedinthisTable:

(a) Totalnumberofpersonsundersecuritymeasures/preventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders.Ofwhich:

a. Personsconsideredasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourt;

b. Personsconsideredastotallyorpartiallycriminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced.

Table 6 (numbers) &Table 6.1 (percentages): Main offences of final sentenced prisoners on 1stSeptember2016

Tables6and6.1presentthebreakdownofprisonerswithfinalsentence-thoseunderheading(e)ofTable5-accordingtothemainoffenceforwhichtheywereconvicted.

InspiteofefforttokeepSPACEcategoriesaslargeaspossible,oneshouldbearinmindthefactthatinsome

countriesthemainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Therefore,datafromthesecountries(mostlythebreakdownpercentages) are not fully comparable with data from the ones that apply this rule. The following

breakdownisused:

(a) Homicide(includingattempts) (b) Economicandfinancialoffences(c) Assaultandbattery (d) Drugoffences(e) Rape (f) Terrorism(g) Othertypesofsexualoffences (h) Roadtrafficoffenses(i) Robbery (j) Otheroffences(k) Othertypesoftheft (l) Totalnumberofsentencedprisoners

Table 7 (numbers) & Table 7.1 (percentages): Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2016

Tables7and7.1presentthebreakdownofprisonerswithfinalsentence-thoseunderheading(e)ofTable5-accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

(a) Lessthanonemonth (b) Fromtenyearstolessthantwentyyears(c) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths (d) Twentyyearsandover(e) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths (f) Lifeimprisonment(g) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear (h) Securitymeasures(dangerousoffenders)(i) Fromoneyeartolessthanthreeyears (j) Sentencetodeath(k) Fromthreeyearstolessthanfiveyears (l) Othercases(m) Fromfiveyearstolessthantenyears (n) Total

Table 7.2: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st September 2016(cumulativepercentages)

ThisTablepresentsthebreakdown,expressedincumulativepercentages,ofprisonerswithfinalsentence

-thoseunderheading(e)ofTable5-accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem:

a) Prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyearb) Prisonerssentencedtoanyfixed-term

sentences(all)c) Prisonerssentencedtooneyearandover d) Prisonerssentencedtolifeimprisonment

e) Prisonerssentencedtothreeyearsandoverf) Prisonersundersecuritymeasuresand/or

underotherformsofimprisonmentg) Prisonerssentencedtofiveyearsandover h) Prisonerssentencedtodeathi) Prisonerssentencedtotenyearsandover j) Total



Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofthesentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2016(percentages)

ThisTablepresentsthebreakdown,expressedinpercentages,ofprisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear

accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

a) Lessthanonemonth b) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonthsc) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths d) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear

One additional graph (Figure 3) provides a comparative view of the highest percentages of prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear.ThefigureisbasedonthefiguresincludedinTables7.2and7.3.



B. Prison Movements during 2015 Tables8 to14 show themain indicatorsofprisonmovementsoccurringduringone referenceyear.All

information in thePart B of the report refers to a whole calendar year, from 1st January 2015 to 31stDecember2015:

(1) numberofentriesintoandreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsduringareferenceyear(flowstatistics),

(2) thelengthofimprisonment,

(3) numberofescapes,and

(4) deathsinpenalinstitutions.

Table8:Flowofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2015

(1) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2015correspondstotheindicatorbetterknownasflowofentries;

(2) Rateofentries topenal institutionsper100000 inhabitants: thenumberofentries in2015, inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;

(3) Entriesbeforefinalsentence:numbersandpercentages;

(4) Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:numbersandpercentages;

(5) Entries following transfer from a foreign country to the country concerned (numbers andpercentages)

• Entries following transfer fromaMemberStateof theEuropeanUnion to thecountryconcerned

(numbersandpercentages).

ENTRY(DEFINITION) THETERM"ENTRY"REFERSTOALLENTRIESINTOPENALINSTITUTIONS,EXCEPTINTHEFOLLOWING

SITUATIONS:

ü Entryfollowingtransferfromonepenalinstitutiontoanother;

ü Entryfollowingtheprisoner’sremovalfromtheinstitutioninordertoappearbeforeajudicial

authority(investigatingjudge,trialcourt,etc.);

ü Entryfollowingprisonleaveoraperiodofauthorisedabsence;

ü Entryfollowinganescape,afterre-arrestbythepolice.

ü Onlyentriesofuntrieddetainees(notyetconvicted),prisonersconvictedbutnotyetsentenced,

orsentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorthosewhoarewithinthestatutorytimelimitto

dosoarerecordedunderheading(c)ofTable8.

ü Therefore, this figure constitutes a subset of the entries recorded under heading (a).

Consequently,entriesintopre-trialdetentionareincluded.

Figuresrelatetothenumberofevents(entries)andnottothenumberofindividuals.Thesameindividual

mayenterprisonseveraltimesinthesameyearforthesamecase.Thisapplies,forinstance,toanindividual

whoisplacedinpre-trialdetentionduringyearN(firstentry),releasedbytheprosecutionauthoritiesat

the pre-trial investigation stage, triedwithout being re-detained, convicted and sentenced to a term of

imprisonmentexceedingtheperiodofpre-trialdetention,andre-imprisonedduringthesameyearN to

serve the remainder of the sentence (second entry).A fortiori, the same individualmight enter prisonseveraltimesinthesameyearfordifferentcases.

Table9:Flowofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsin2015

(1) Totalnumberofreleases(flowofreleases);

(1) Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants:thenumberofreleasesin2015,inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;



(2) Releasesofpre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentage;

(3) Releasesoffinalsentencedprisoners:numberandpercentage.Ofwhich:

• Releases as a result of a release under condition (including conditional releases and external

placementunderElectronicMonitoringorprobation)

• Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

(4) Othertypesofreleases9

Table10:Turnoverratioofinmatesin2015

TURNOVERRATIO

(DEFINITION)

The turnover ratio (estimated exit rate per 100 potential exits) is defined in thepresentreportastheratiobetweenthenumberofprisonersreleasedduringtheyear

2015andthenumberofprisonersheldinprisonduringthatwholeyear.Thelatter

canbeestimatedbyaddingthenumberofpersonsheldinpenalinstitutionson31st

December 2014 (stock) and the number of persons that entered into penalinstitutionsduring the year2015 (flowof entries).However, as stockdata on31stDecember2014arenotavailable,thenumberofprisonersheldinpenalinstitutions

on1stSeptember2014hasbeenusedasaproxy.

Thisratiomeasurestheprisonpopulationturnover.Ahighrateimpliesafastturnover,whilealowrate

impliesaslowturnover.TheTurnoverRatio(TR)iscalculatedasfollows:

TURNOVERRATIO

(FORMULA)!" = " (%, ') ×100

Where:

ü Risthenumberofreleasesduringthe2015year,

ü Sisthenumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2014(takenfromtheSPACEI2014),and

ü Eisthenumberofentriesintopenalinstitutionsduringtheyear2015.

ü Theturnoverratioisexpressedper100prisoners.

Anadditionalgraph(Figure4)hasbeenincludedwiththelowestvaluesoftheexitrate(countrieswithaslowturnoveroftheprisonpopulation).

Table11.A:Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentin2015,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions

(a) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2015;

(b) Averagenumberofinmatesin2015:b=(a)/365;

(c) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2015(flowofentries)=heading(a)ofTable8;

(d) Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonment[IALI]expressedinmonths(D):quotientoftheaveragenumberofprisoners in2013(P)bythe flowofentriesduringthatperiod(E),multipliedby12

(months):

IALI(FORMULA) , = - ' ×12

(e) Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2015;

9Inthecategory“Otherformsofreleases”generallyarealsoincludedthefollowingsituations:deaths,releases/discharges/relatedto

healthreasons(includingtransferstocommunityhospitalsthatleadtothefulldischargefromservingtherestofthecustodialsentence),

expulsionstothecountriesoforigin,escapesleadingtoliftingthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”,oranyotherformofreleaselikelytolead

toliftingofthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”.



(f) Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2015:(f)=(e)/365;

(g) Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentencein2015;

(h) Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre-trialdetention(calculatedonthebasisofthesameformulaastheindicatorunderheading(d)).

The figureunderheading (a) corresponds to the totalnumberofdays spent inpenal institutionsbyall

personsplacedindetentionforatleastonedayduringthereferenceyear(2015).Thismightbetimespent

in pre-trial detention or time spent serving a prison sentence, or might even correspond to other

circumstances(detentionforfailuretopayafine,forinstance).Nodistinctionismadeherebetweenthose

categories.

By dividing the number of days of imprisonment by 365 (366 in leap years)we obtained the "average

numberofprisonersintheyear"orthenumberof"prisoner-years"(b),whichconstitutesprobablythebest

possibleindicatoroftheaveragenumberofprisonerspresentintheyear.

Table 11.B: Indicator of average length of imprisonment in 2015, based on the total number ofinmates(stock)on1stSeptember2015

Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataregardingthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin

2015-heading(a)ofTable11.1-andothersprovidedfiguresthatdidnotseemreliable(seeNotestoTable11.1),wehaveaddedTable11.2.InthisTable,theindicatoroftheaveragelengthofimprisonmenthasbeencalculatedbyusingthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2015(source:SPACEI2015report)

insteadofthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions.

SOURCEOFDATA RawdatausedfortheTables10,11.1&11.2areusuallypreparedbythedepartmentsresponsibleforprisonbudgets.Thesefiguresmayalsobeusedforthecalculationsof

theaveragedailycostofimprisonment.

Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2015

TheTableincludestwotypesofescapes:

ü Escapesby inmates (convictedprisonersorpre-trialdetaineesunder the supervisionof theprisonadministration)fromaclosedpenalinstitutionorduringanadministrativetransfer(forexample,toorfromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital).

IntheSPACEIquestionnaireusedforthissurveyitisclearlyindicatedthatthecountingunitistheperson.Intheeventofagroupbreakout,thenumberofescapesisequaltothenumberofinmatesinvolved.Relating

thenumberofescapes(a)tothetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2015(S)–usedhereasan

estimateoftheaveragenumberofprisoners–weobtaintherateofescapesper10,000prisoners(REs):

RATEOFESCAPES

(FORMULA)"'/ = 10000× 1 %

ü Other formsof escape (abscondingor runningoff):Examplesareescapes fromopen institutions(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-term

absence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutions(includingclosedinstitutions).

Wehavenotcalculatedtheratesfortheseformsofescapes;assuchcalculationswouldleadtomisleading

interpretations.Theratioofotherformsofescapesshouldbereportedtotheaveragenumberofinmates

placedinopeninstitutions;yet,thesefiguresarenotcollatedasaseparatecategoryintheSPACEsurveys.



Table13:Deathsinpenalinstitutionsin2015(bytypeofregistereddeath)

(a) Totalnumberofdetaineeswhodiedinpenalinstitutions,ofwhich:

ü Numberofpre-trialdetainees

ü Numberoffemales

ü Typeofdeath

c.1Homicides

c.2Suicides(numberoffemales,numberofpre-trialdetainees)

c.3Othercauses(incl.illness)

(b) Mortalityrateper10000inmates

Bydividingthetotalnumberofdeaths(a)bythenumberofinmateson1stSeptember2015(S)(usedhere

asanestimateof theaveragenumberofprisoners),provided in theSPACE I2016report,weobtain thefollowing:

MORTALITYRATE

(FORMULA)2" = 10000× 1 %

Table13.1:Suicidesinpenalinstitutionsin2015

Inthistablearepresentedpercentagesofsuicidesinthetotalnumberofdeathsaswellasthepartoffemales

whocommittedsuicideinthetotalnumberofsuicidesregistered.Moreover,therateofsuicideper10000

inmatesisincludedinTable13.2.

SUICIDERATE

(FORMULA)%" = 10000× 1. 4[T13.1]

%

Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesincludedinTables13.1and13.2

The goal of this Table is to clarifywhich types of deaths are being counted in each country. TheTable

includestheanswersYesorNotothefollowingquestions:

I. Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

II. Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideoutsideprison(duringaprisonleaveoraperiodofabsencebypermission)?

ForeachcategoryofdeathsincludedinthisTable,separatefiguresonfemaleinmateshavebeenprovided.

Table14:Averageexpensesperdayofdetentionofonepersonin2015(inEuros)

Thefigures includedinthisTableshouldallowcomparisonsofthecostsofdetentionacrossEurope.No

rigorousdefinitionhasbeenusedinthequestionnaire;thereforenationalparticularities(e.g.thewayin

whichcostsarecalculated)areindicatedinthenotestotheTable.Figuresinnationalcurrenciesotherthan

EurohavebeenconvertedinEuros.ThecategoriesincludedinthisTablearethefollowing:

ü TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationsin2015

ü Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2015,ofwhich:

o Inpre-trialdetention;

o Incorrectionalfacility;

o Inspecialfacilities/sectionsforpersonswithpsychiatricdisorders;

o Ininstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.



Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2013,inTable14

Thistablepresentthecategoriesincluded/excludedwhilecalculatingtheaverageamountsshowninTable

14:

ü Security

ü Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)

ü Services (incl. maintenance, utilities, maintenance of inmate records, reception, assignment,

transportation,etc.)

ü Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures)

ü Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)

ü Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,

etc.)

ü Othercosts.



C. Prison Staff PartCoftheSurveyincludesfiguresrelatedtopersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsor,moregenerally,in

thepenitentiarysystem.TheSurveymakesadistinctionbetweenstaffworkingunderthecontrolof the

NationalPrisonAdministrationsandstaffworkingunderthecontrolofanyotherauthority.

DataonthestaffemployedbythePrisonadministrationsarepresentedwithoutdistinctionbetweenfull-

timeandpart-timestaff.

Full-timeequivalents(FTE)havebeenusedasthecountingunitforthesetables

Note:PartChassufferedmodificationsduetochangesmadeintheSPACEI2017questionnaire.Therefore,

figuresarenotcomparablewithpreviousyears.

Table15(numbers&percentages):Staffworkinginpenalinstitutions(FTE),on1stSeptember2016

FTE(DEFINITION) Respondentswereaskedtocalculatethenumberofstaffworkingparttimeon

thebasisof"full-timeequivalents"(FTE).Thismeansthatwhentwopeople

workhalfthestandardnumberofhours,theycountforoneFTE.Onehalf-time

workershouldcountfor0.5ofaFTE.

Table15presentsthesituationofstaffworkinginpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2016.Thegoalofthistable is to count both staff employed by the Prison Administrations and not employed by Prison

Administrations.

Tables16and16.1:Staffworkinginpenalinstitutions(FTE),employedbyPrisonAdministrations,on1stSeptember2016(numbers&percentages)

Tables16and16.1presentthesituationofstaffemployedbyPrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2016.ThegoaloftheseTablesistocountallstaffemployedbythePrisonAdministrations.

In theseTables are included the following categories: staff at the national prison administration (Head

Office),staffinregionalprisonadministrationoffices,executives(managers)ofpenalinstitutions,custodial

staff, medical and paramedical staff, staff responsible for assessment and the psychologists, staff

responsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocialworkers,teachers,educators,etc.),staffresponsible

forworkshopsorvocationaltraining,other.

Respondentswereaskedtoexcludepersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbytheprison

authorities(insomecountries thisapplies todoctors, teachersorperimeterguards).Thesepersonsare

includedinTables17and17.1.

Table17and17.1:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbyPrisonAdministration(FTE)on1stSeptember2016(numbersandpercentages)

This Table presents the staff employed by authorities that are not under the control of the Prison

Administration(i.e.staffnotemployedbythePrisonAdministration),butwhoareinvolvedinthesecurity,

treatment,trainingorotheractivitiesdevelopedinpenalinstitutionsthatareundertheauthorityofprison

administration.

Insomecountriesthesecategoriesdonotexist.Inothers,doctors,teachersandperimeterguardsmight

sometimesbeemployedbyexternalinstitutionssuchashealthauthorities,departmentsoftheMinistries



ofEducation,InteriororJustice,orprivatesecurity.

Table18:Ratioofinmatespercustodialstaffon1stSeptember2016

ü Totalnumberofinmatesat1stSeptember2016(a);

ü Totalnumberofcustodialstaffdedicatedsolelytothecustodyofinmatesat1stSeptember2016

(b);

ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonerspercustodiandedicatedsolelytothecustody

ofinmates):c=a/b

ü Totalnumberofothercustodialstaffat1stSeptember2016;

ü Totalcustodialstaffat1stSeptember2016(d);

ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonerspertotalcustodialstaff):e=a/d



Conventions and Statistical Measures Thereportaims togiveanoverviewof thecustodial situationacrossEurope,not tomix-upallnational

traditionsandpractices ina rigidunrealisticdefinitionofprison. Indeed, this latestapproachwouldbe

scientifically unreliable and could not serve as a tool for the public policies and criminal justice

practitioners.Therefore,inSPACEsurveywearefullyconcernedaboutthequalityofthedataprovided.In

order tominimise anymisinterpretation of figures included here, any user should be aware about the

conventionsusedtoreplaceambiguoussignsandabbreviations.

CONVENTIONSUSED

NAP

***

Thequestionisirrelevant;theitemreferstoaconceptnotfoundinthepenalsystemof

thecountryconcerned(Notapplicable).

0 Thenumberis0buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.

NA

…

Nofiguresavailable,buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountry

concerned.

(number)

Whenthedataareshowninbracketsthismeansthattheyarenotstrictlycomparable

withthedatarequestedbySPACEIquestionnaire.Forexample,thisappliestoitems

whosedefinitionisnotthesameastheoneusedintheSPACEquestionnaire.Orwhen

thetotalnumberofanalysedfigureislessorequalto10individuals.

Whenthequestionnaireboxisleftblankorasymbolisused,themeaningofwhichisnot

explicit(forexample"/"or"-"),weleavetheboxinblank.

Allcasesofdivergenceandadditionalcommentsprovidedbynationalcorrespondentshavebeengrouped

andexplainedinthenotestotheTables.

MEASURESOFCENTRALTENDENCY

InTablescontainingratesorpercentages,wehaveusedthefollowingmeasurestodescribethedistribution

ofthedata:

Mean(Average):thearithmeticmeanistheoutcomeofdividingthesumofthedatasuppliedbythetotal

numberofcountries.Themeanissensitivetoextremevalues(veryhighorverylow).

Median:themedianisthevaluethatdividesthedatasuppliedbythecountriesconcernedintotwoequal

groupsso that50%of theobservationsareabovethemedianand50%arebelowit.Themedian isnot

influencedbyveryhighorverylowvalues.

Minimum:thelowestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Maximum:thehighestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Forreasonsofaccuracywehavecalculatedthemeanandmedianvaluesfromtheoriginaldatabase,whichcontainsallthedecimalsnotpresentedinthetables.Readerswhoreworkthecalculationsfromthedatainthetables-whichonlycontainoneortwodecimals-willthereforeobtainslightlydifferentresults

thanours.



Demographic Data

Theratespresentedinthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingdemographicdata(totalpopulationofeach

EuropeancountryonJanuary1st,2016),takenfromtheEurostatDatabase(“Populationon1stJanuarybyageandgender”10).

Exceptions:Forsomecountries,thefiguresofthepopulationarenotavailableintheEurostatdatasets(i.e.for 2016 it was Andorra and Bosnia and Herzegovina-Republika Srpska). Moreover, some national

correspondentsprovidedinformationfordifferentterritorialdivisionsthantheonesusedinEUROSTAT

demographic data. The territories concerned and the sources used for their demographic data are the

following:

Andorra:Demographicdatareferto1stJanuary2016.Retrievedfrom

http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic=&check=0&bGrafic=&formules=inici&any1=01/01

/2016&any2=01/01/2016&codi_divisio=8&lang=1&codi_subtemes=8&codi_tema=2&chkseries=on7thNovember,2017.

BosniaandHerzegovina(RepublikaSrpska):Demographicdataareestimates.Theestimatesaredonefor2016onthebasisof

thenaturalchangesofpopulationandmigration,availableathttp://www2.rzs.rs.ba/static/uploads/bilteni/stanovnistvo/Demografski_bilten_20_Drugo_Izmijenjeno_Izdanje_Web.pdf(retrievedon7thNovember,2017).

France:DemographicdataincludestheEuropeanterritoryofFrance(knownastheMetropolitanFrance),theFrenchoverseas

departments(Guadeloupe,Martinique,GuianaandReunion,knownasDOMorDépartementsd’Outre-mer)aswellasoverseas

communities(FrenchPolynesia,NewCaledonia,Mayotte,Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon,WallisandFutuna,Saint-MartinandSaint-

Barthélemy).

Serbia:DemographicdataexcludeKosovoandMetohijaterritories.

Spain(StateAdmin):ThefigureisanestimatebasedonthedemographicdataforallofSpain,includingtheautonomousregion

ofCatalonia.

10http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do(figuresretrievedfromthedatabaseonOctober7th,2017)



Data Validation Procedure The comparability of the data collected is one of the main concerns and main problems that any

internationalsurveyseektosolve.Therefore,specialattentionisgiveneveryyeartotheimprovementof

datavalidationtechniquessusedinSPACE.

AccordingtotheauthorsoftheEuropeanSourcebookofCrimeandCriminalJusticeStatistics(Strasbourg,CouncilofEurope,1999),"validationisoftenthemostimportant–andinmanycasesthemostforgotten–

stageofthedatacollectionprocess".

Thus,sincethe2002SPACEIsurvey,wehaveintroducedavalidationprocedureforthedatareceived.Such

procedure substantially increases the workload of all the individuals and countries involved in the

elaboration of SPACE. It also delays the publication of the data. However, we believe that the results

obtained-inotherwords,theimprovementstothequalityofthedata-justifyitsuse.

ü Aspartofthevalidationprocedure,weproduceapreliminaryversionofSPACEreportandaseriesof

controlTablesthatrevealanumberofinconsistenciesorvisible“outliers” intherawdatareceived

fromnationalcorrespondents.

ü Then, significant differences (generally

annualdiscrepanciesofmorethan10%or

20%dependingonthequalityoftheitem)

arecorrectedbynationalcorrespondents.

ü Insomecases, it is imperativetotranslate

or to provide additional explanations in

ordertoavoidnewerror.

ü Mostof the countries correct their figures

orindicatethereasonsforthedivergences

identified.

Itwasnoticedthatdivergencesaremainlyduetodifferences in the national prison statisticssystems as well as in criminal justice systemsacrossEurope andare explained in the notes totherelevantTables.

Nevertheless, despite our efforts to identify

errors and the very rigorous methodology

applied for the validation, it is not possible to

guaranteethefullreliabilityofalldataincluded

inthisreport.Somefiguresmaystillremain“invisible”andothersmayhavebeenintroducedinvoluntarily

during the data processing. Moreover, it has not always been possible to correct the inconsistencies

discovered in a totally satisfactoryway. In that context, any readers' comments, notesor criticismsare

welcomed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank all personswhobrought their support, advice, suggestions or knowledge of specific

nationalfeaturesand,therefore,whohavecontributedtotheachievementofthisreport,inparticularall

nationalcorrespondentsineachMemberStateoftheCouncilofEurope.

AparticulargratitudegoestoMrRoyWalmsleyforhisattentiveandcriticalreadingofSPACEreportsduring

thelast12years.WearealsogratefultoMrWalmsleyforhavingsharedwithussomemissingfiguresand,

therefore,forcontributingtoincreasethequalityofSPACEcomparisons.

Comparability

Cross-sectionnal

Europeandefinitions

Attentiontothenational

peculiarities

Internalcountingrules

Categoriesincl./excl.

Longitudinal

Verticalcheck

Buildtime-series

Time-seriesmapping

Attentiontothesignificantgaps/jupmsFigure0:SPACEIComparabilityLevels



Statistical Tables



A. Prison Populations: Global indicators on 1st September 2016



Thispartof the reportpresents statisticalTables, explanatorynotesandFigures that cover thegeneral

situationofEuropeanpenalinstitutions.Italsoincludesdataondetentionincustody,includingdifferent

typesofpenalinstitutionsaswellasananalysisoftheevolutionofseveralindicatorsofthepenitentiary

systemsacrossEurope.

A.1.LEGISLATIVEANDOTHERMEASURESWHICHDIRECTLYINFLUENCETRENDSINTHENUMBEROFPRISONERS

ALBANIA

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:

a. Law No. 154 dated 21.12.2015 “On Amnesty" was adopted by the Parliament. This law was

implementedonJanuary2016;

b. LawNo.141/2016“OnAmnesty”wasadoptedbytheParliament.Thislawwasimplementedon

January2017(noimpactonthesedata)

3. Amnesties:749;

4. Individualpardons:0;

5. Collectivepardons:0;

6. Other:No.

ANDORRA


2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;

3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

ARMENIA



3. Amnesties:13;



6. Other:No.

AUSTRIA



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

AZERBAIJAN

1. Changesincriminallaw:Decriminalizationofseveraleconomicandfinancialoffences;


3. Amnesties:3545–on2thMay2015

4. Individualpardons:335inmates–theActsofPresidentialPardonof28thDecember2015and17thMarch

2016;


6. Other:No.

BELGIUM

1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;

3. Amnesties:NA;

4. Individualpardons:NA;

5. Collectivepardons:NA;

6. Other:NA.



BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–REPUBLIKASRPSKA

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.



3. Amnesties:0;

4. Individualpardons:258inmateswerereleasedunderconditions:

a. Conditionalreleaseontherequestoftheconvictedperson:10;

b. Conditionalreleaseontheproposalofthepenitentiaryinstitution:83;

c. Conditionalreleaseuponthedecisionofthedirectorintheinstitution:165.


6. Other:No.

BULGARIA

1. Changesincriminallaw:AmendmentsittheActofExecutionofSentencesandDetentionwereadopted

in2016concerningtheimplementationofthesystemforelectronicsurveillanceofoffenders;


3. Amnesties:0;

4. Individualpardons:7inmateswerereleasedwithdecreeoftheVice-President;


6. Other:No.

CROATIA




3. Amnesties:NA;



6. Other:NA.

CYPRUS

Generalnotes:

ü PrisonpopulationfiguresdonotincludetheareasthatarenotundertheeffectivecontroloftheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCyprus.

ü Stockfiguresinclude668inmatesinthePrisonInstitutionand42inmatesheldinPolicestations.1. Changesincriminallaw:No;


3. Amnesties:0;


5. Collectivepardons:150–Therewerefouractsofpardon,28thSeptember2015,22ndDecember2015,25th

April2016and10thAugust2016;

6. Other:No.

CZECHREPUBLIC




3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

DENMARK



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

ESTONIA




2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:Anamendmentof theCodeofCriminal

Procedurehasenteredintoforceon1stSeptember2016pursuanttowhichthelengthofpre-trialdetention

ofaccusedpersonshasbeendecreased.Inthecaseof2nddegreeoffencethemaximumpre-trialdetention

is4months,inthecaseof1stdegreeoffenceithasremained6months.Ifthedetainedpersonisyounger

than18years,themaximumtermis2monthsforalloffenses;

3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

FINLAND



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

FRANCE


2. New legislation concerning certain categories of prisoners: Two new laws concerning the specific

categoryofdetaineesconvictedforoffensesrelatedtoterroristactivitywereadopted:

a. Loin°2016-731du3juin2016-reinforcesthefightagainstorganizedcrime,terrorismandtheirfinancing, and improves the efficiency and safeguardsof criminalproceedings.Article20 sets

additionalconditionsforthegrantingofparoletothiscategoryofdetainees.Itenteredintoforce

on28thOctober2016;

b. Loin°2016-987du21juillet2016–extendstheapplicationofLawNo.55-385of3rdApril1955onthestateofemergencyandmeasurestostrengthenthefightagainstterrorism.Thislawcreates

a new article 706-24-4 within the Code of Criminal Procedure stating the length of remand

detentiontominorsagedbetween16and18yearsold:

i. 2yearsfortheinvestigationoftheoffenseofcriminalconspiracyinconnectionwitha

terroristorganization;

ii. 3yearsfortheinvestigationofterroristcrimesofwillfulattacksonlife,theintegrityof

persons, kidnapping and sequestration, embezzlement of means of transportation,

managementofacriminalassociationandcriminalassociationaggravated

Moreover,accordingtothislaw,thefollowingsituationsareinapplicabletopersonssentenced

foroneormoreoftheterroristoffenses,totheexclusionofprovocationandapologyforaterrorist

act aswell as hindering a procedureof blockingor habitual consultationof contents. causing

terrorism:

i. thesuspensionandsplittingofcustodialsentencesprovidedforinArticle720-1ofthe

CodeofCriminalProcedure;

ii. the placement outside and day parole, provided for by Article 723-1 of the Code of

CriminalProcedure

iii. the automatic reduction credits provided for in Article 721 of the Code of Criminal

Procedure.However,underthenewarticle721-1-1oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,

thesepersonsmaybenefit fromafurtherreductionofsentenceundertheconditions

definedinArticle721-1ofthesameCode.

However,theseprovisionsareonlyapplicabletoconvictionsforoffensescommittedaftertheentryinto

forceofthelaw,withoutbeingabletoconcernpersonsformerlyincarceratedwhileservingasentenceof

terrorism.

3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

GEORGIA

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.



3. Amnesties:7;





6. Other:No.

GERMANY

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto31stMarch2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

GREECE

1. Changesincriminallaw:Detaineescanbereleasedunderconditionsinordertoimprovelivingconditions

inprisonfacilities;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:Law4322/2015andLaw4411/2016;

3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:7674prisonersreleasedasaresultofLaw4322/2015andLaw4411/2016fortheperiodfrom

April2015untilOctober2016.

HUNGARY



3. Amnesties:NA;



6. Other:NA.

ICELAND


2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:AnewlawcameintoforceinIceland2016:

ExecutionofSentencesActNo.15/2016http://www.fangelsi.is/media/skjol/Execution-of-Sentences-Act-

No-15--23-March-2016.pdf.

a. Accordingtothenewlawapersonthathasbeensentencedtouptotwelvemonths’unconditional

imprisonment(wasninemonthsbefore),itispossible,ifthisisnotcontrarytothepublicinterest,

toexecutethesentenceintheformofunpaidcommunityservicelastingaminimumof40hours

andamaximumof480hours.AccordingtoArticle37thePrisonandProbationAdministration

decideswhetheraprison-sentenceistobeexecutedintheformofcommunityservice.

b. AccordingtothenewlawArticle32apersonthathasbeensentencedtotwelvemonthsorlonger

unconditional imprisonment can be allowed to serve a part of his sentence outside prison,

providedhecarriesspecialequipmentinordertomaintainsurveillanceofhismovements.When

the sentence passed on a convicted person is 12months of unconditional imprisonment, the

servingofthesentencewithelectronicsurveillancemaybefor60days(was30daysbefore).The

servingofasentencewithelectronicsurveillanceincreasesby5days(was2.5daysbefore)for

eachsentencemonthandcanaccruetoamaximumof360days(was240days).ThePPAdecides

whetheraprison-sentenceistobeexecutedintheformofelectronicsurveillance.

c. AccordingtothenewlawArticle80aprisonermaybegrantedconditionalreleasewhenonethird

ofhissentencetimehaspassedifhewas21yearsofageoryoungerwhenhecommittedthecrime

forwhich he is serving a sentence and he has been on good behaviour and received suitable

treatmentwhenservinghissentenceandhasaddressedhisdrugproblemifithasbeenpresent.

(Newprovision.)

3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.



IRELAND

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

ITALY

Generalnote:TheDepartmentofPenitentiaryAdministrationdoesnotprocessdataconcerningjuvenileoffenders.

Thereforeinthisreportareincludedfiguresonlyonadultinmates.


2. New legislation concerning certain categories of prisoners: On 21st February 2016 the temporary

provisionprovidedforbytheLawbyDecreeof23December2013,whichlasted2years,ended.Itwas

converted into lawwithmodificationsby theLawn°10of21stFebruary2014,whichprovided for the

"SpecialEarlyrelease"(thatisareductionof75dayspereverysinglesemesterofsentenceserved,instead

of the45daysnormallyprovided for by thePenitentiaryAct). This implied - and is still implying - an

increaseinthetotalnumberofprisoners;

3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

LATVIA

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

1. Changesincriminallaw:

a. On18thFebruary2016ParliamentadoptedamendmentstothePenalCodeofLatvia.TheLawhas

beensupplementedwithanewSection112.4"Transmissionofinformationtothevictim",which

shalldeterminetheproceduresforthetransmissionofinformationtothevictimiftheconvicted

personisreleasedafterfulltimeservingofthesentencethatwasdeterminedinthejudgmentof

thecourt;

b. On28thApril2016ParliamentadoptedamendmentstothePenalCodeofLatvia.TheLawhas

beensupplementedwithanewSection15.2"Placementofaconvictedpersoninashort-term

placeofdetention"whichshalldeterminetheproceduresforconvictedperson'splacementina

short-termplaceofdetention;

c. On9thJune2016ParliamentadoptedamendmentstothePenalCodeofLatvia.VariousSections

of the Law were amended with regulation on introduction of resocialisation programs for

reductionoftheaddiction;

d. On3rdMarch2016SaeimaadoptedamendmentstotheLawontheProceduresforHoldingunder

Arrest.TheLawhasbeensupplementedwithnewSection27.2"Prisoner'spsychologicalcare",

thatprovides"ifthedetaineeisinneedofpsychologicalcare,itshallbeprovidedbyconducting

a psychological evaluation, consulting or providing other forms of psychological help. If the

detaineehasmadeasuicideattempt,psychologicalassistanceshallbeprovidedwithoutdelay,

but not later than on the next working day after receiving the information or receiving the

assignment from the prison governor. In such case a psychologist performs a psychological

research";

e. On28thApril2016ParliamentadoptedamendmentstotheLawontheProceduresforHolding

underArrest.Section4,Paragraphthreeshalldetermineprocedureforplacementinashort-term

placeofdetentionwantedconvictedpersonsafterthearrest.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:

a. On26th January2016theCabinetofMinistersadoptedRegulationNo59"Amendmentstothe

Cabinet Regulation of 10 July 2012 Regulation No 487 "Procedures for merchants who are

involved in the organization of the employment of prisoners sentenced with deprivation of

liberty"". These Regulations shall determine the procedures for the employment of convicted

personsinplacesofimprisonment;

b. On26thApril2016CabinetadoptedRegulationNo253"Regulationsonprovisionsforchildren

supportattheplaceofimprisonment".TheseRegulationsshalldetermineNormsofnutritional,

hygiene,clothing, footwear,bedlinenandinventoryprovisionsforchildrenwhostaytogether

withthedetainedorsentencedmotherinprison;



c. On26thJuly2016CabinetadoptedRegulationNo491"Technicalrequirementsforconstruction

of deprivation of liberty institutions and investigation prisons". These Regulations shall

determine technical requirements for construction of deprivation of liberty institutions and

investigationprisons.TheseRegulationsshallapplytotheconstructionofnewbuilding.Prison

constructionstandardrequirementsshallapplyinsofarastheyareNotincontradictionwiththe

safetyrequirementsinplacesofimprisonment;

d. On30thAugust2016CabinetadoptedRegulationNo583"AmendmentstotheCabinetRegulation

of3September2013RegulationsNo739"ThePrisonsAdministrationpaidservicepricelist"".

ThenewpricelistwasapprovedforPrisonsAdministrationpaidservices.

3. Amnesties:0;

4. Individualpardons:7–2detainees(1maleand1female)werefullydischargedfromfurtherpunishment

serviceand5detaineeswerepartiallydischarged,i.e.theirpunishmentwasdiminished;


6. Other:No.

LITHUANIA

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

1. Changesincriminallaw:Anewpre-trialmeasurewasadopted-electronicmonitoringsurveillance;


3. Amnesties:0;

4. Individualpardons:10inmates-Duringtheperiodof1stSeptember2015to31stAugust2016therewere

2PresidentialDecreesproclaimedgrantingpardon.Asaresult,9detaineeshadthetermoftheirservice

reducedand1waspardonedfromtheremainingtermofthesentenceofimprisonment;


6. Other:No.

LUXEMBOURG



3. Amnesties:NAP;



6. Other:No.

MALTA



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

MOLDOVA


2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:LawNo.210of29.07.2016ontheamnesty

regardingthe25thanniversaryoftheproclamationoftheindependenceoftheRepublicofMoldova.This

lawhasbeenappliedtocertaincategoriesofprisonerswhohavemettherequirementsdescribedbylaw;

3. Amnesties:6;



6. Other:No.

MONACO



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

MONTENEGRO



3. Amnesties:0;





6. Other:No.

THENETHERLANDS



3. Amnesties:0;

4. Individualpardons:268inmates-IntheNetherlandsconvictedpeoplecangetanindividualpardon.In

total268pardonsweregivenofwhich63undercondition;


6. Other:No.

NORWAY



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

POLAND


1. Changesincriminallaw:On15thApril2016enteredintoforcealegalactwhichhaschangedtheCriminal

CodeandtheExecutivePenalCode.Asaresulttheelectronicmonitoringisreappliedasanalternativeform

ofimprisonmentpenalty;


3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

PORTUGAL




3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

ROMANIA



9. Amnesties:0;


10. Collectivepardons:0;11. Other:No.

SANMARINO



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

SERBIA

1. Changesincriminallaw:OnNovember2016,theCriminalcodewasamended,inparticulartheprovision

concerningconditionalreleases,andinchaptersofoffensesagainstlifeandlimb,sexualoffenses,offenses

relatedtomarriageandfamily,offensesagainsteconomicinterests,criminaloffensesagainstfreedomand

rightsofmanandcitizen,andcriminaloffensesagainstsecurityofcomputerdata;


3. Amnesties:9;




5. Collectivepardons:NAP;

6. Other:No.

SLOVAKREPUBLIC

1. Changes incriminal law: In theperiod from1st September2015 to1st September2016 therewere9

legislativechangesinthePenalCodeandCriminalProcedureCodethatdidnothaveamajorimpactonthe

prisonpopulation.

In addition to legislative and technical changes, new facts of the crime have been introduced (e.g.

participation in the combat activities of an organized armed groups in the territory of other state;

unauthorizedinterferenceincomputersystem;manufactureandpossessionofanaccessdevice,password

toacomputersystemorotherdata,etc.);


3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

SLOVENIA



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

SPAIN(TOTAL)

General note: The Penitentiary Administration does not have any competences over juvenile offenders. These

categoriesofoffendersaremanagedbytheadministrationsofautonomouscommunities.Thereforeinthisreport

areincludedonlyfiguresonadultinmates.



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

SWEDEN

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

SWITZERLAND

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto7thSeptember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:0.

THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIA



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:311inmateswereconditionallyreleasedbythecourt,for10thejudgmentwasabolished,860were

releasedbeforetheendofthesentence(accordingtotheLawonexecutionofsanctions:"Thedirectorof

the institutionmaydismiss theconvictedpersonbefore theexpirationofhis sentence, if theconvicted



personservedatleastthreequartersofthesentenceandifparolewasnotgrantedi.e.upto30daysfor

imprisonment of one year, up to 90 days for imprisonment of five years and up to 120 days for

imprisonmentoverfiveyears."),84werereleasedafterpayingafine,14weretransferredand11died.

TURKEY

1. Changesincriminallaw:No.;


3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

Generalnote:Stockdatarelateto30thJune2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No


3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.

UK:SCOTLAND



3. Amnesties:0;



6. Other:No.



TABLE1:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2016

Reference:CouncilofEuropeSPACEI2016.1

Country

Populationon

1stJanuary

2016

Total

numberof

inmates

(including

pre-trial

detainees)

Prison

population

rateper100

000

inhabitants

Total

capacityof

penal

institutions

Total

number

ofcells

Surface

areaper

inmate

(m2/per

inmate)

Prison

densityper

100places

Average

numberof

inmates

percell

Albania 2886026 5910 204.8 5455 2642 5.3 108.3 2.2

Andorra 78264 47 60.1 145 57 11.0 32.4 0.8

Armenia 2998577 3907 130.3 5424 804 4.0 72.0 4.9

Austria 8690076 8824 101.5 8834 NA 10.0 99.9 NA

Azerbaijan 9705643 22938 236.3 25509 NA 4.0 89.9 NA

Belgium 11311117 11615 102.7 9727 NA NA 119.4 NA

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 1157516 863 74.6 1414 46 4.0 61.0 18.8

Bulgaria 7153784 8347 116.7 9670 NA 4.0 86.3 NA

Croatia 4190669 3108 74.2 4022 2127 4.0 77.3 1.5

Cyprus 848319 668 78.7 528 478 6.4 126.5 1.4

CzechRep. 10553843 22481 213.0 20754 5196 3.6 108.3 4.3

Denmark 5707251 3408 59.7 3522 3522 7-12 96.8 1.0

Estonia 1315944 2670 202.9 2916 NAP 3.0 91.6 NA

Finland 5487308 3110 56.7 3096 2650 NA 100.5 1.2

France 66759950 68514 102.6 58587 51153 7.8 116.9 1.3

Georgia 3720400 9534 256.3 12681 NA 4.0 75.2 NA

Germany 82175684 64397 78.4 73471 NA NA 87.6 NA

Greece 10783748 9621 89.2 9815 2830 4.8 98.0 3.4

Hungary 9830485 18171 184.8 13771 5801 3.6 132.0 3.1

Iceland 332529 124 37.3 142 142 10.6 87.3 0.9

Ireland 4724720 3688 78.1 4202 2741 NA 87.8 1.3

Italy 60665551 54195 89.3 49600 32061 9.0 109.3 1.7

Latvia 1968957 4186 212.6 5852 1184 4.0 71.5 3.5

Liechtenstein 37622

Lithuania 2888558 7051 244.1 9399 NA NA 75.0 NA

Luxembourg 576249 705 122.3 711 637 11.0 99.2 1.1

Malta 434403 556 128.0 617 568 12.0 90.1 1.0

Moldova 3553056 7911 222.7 8654 1292 3.4 91.4 6.1

Monaco 38200 32 83.8 82 27 14.0 39.0 1.2

Montenegro 622218 1081 173.7 1350 303 4.0 80.1 3.6

Netherlands 16979120 8726 51.4 10688 10688 NA 81.6 0.8

Norway 5210721 3851 73.9 4122 3801 NAP 93.4 1.0

Poland 37967209 71528 188.4 87409 NA 3.0 81.8 NA

Portugal 10341330 13779 133.2 12600 NA 7.0 109.4 NA

Romania 19760314 27765 140.5 26251 NA 0.0 105.8 NA

RussianFed. (646085) (448)

SanMarino 33005 2 6.1 8 8 6.0 25.0 0.3

Serbia 7076372 10672 150.8 9802 2308 4.0 108.9 4.6

SlovakRep. 5426252 10181 187.6 11180 NA 3.8 91.1 NA

Slovenia 2064188 1308 63.4 1322 NA 1.3 98.9 NA

Spain(total) 46440099 60687 130.7 84478 53508 9.9 71.8 1.1

Spain(StateAdm.) 39031809 52009 133.2 72365 47591 9.9 71.9 1.1

Spain(Catalonia) 7408290 8678 117.1 12113 5917 9.9 71.6 1.5

Sweden 9851017 5762 58.5 6203 NA NA 92.9 NA

Switzerland 8327126 6912 83.0 7493 NA NA 92.2 NA

theFYROMacedonia 2071278 3349 161.7 2531 560 3.0 132.3 6.0

Turkey 78741053 192627 244.6 187351 NA NA 102.8 NA

Ukraine 42590879

UK:Engl.&Wales 58147409 85134 146.4 87027 NA NA 97.8 NA

UK:North.Ireland 1858540 1500 80.7 1962 NA NA 76.5 NA

UK:Scotland 5376607 7657 142.4 8152 NA NA 93.9 NA

Average 127.2 90.2 2.8

Median 117.1 91.6 1.4

Minimum 6.1 25.0 0.3

Maximum 256.3 132.3 18.8



TABLE1.1:CATEGORIESINCLUDEDINTHETOTALNUMBEROFINMATESINTABLE1

Doesthetotalnumberofinmates(Table1)includethefollowingcategories?

(1) Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial(2) Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyamongthem(point2)are18yearsandover(3) Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyamongthem(point2)are18yearsandover(4) Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions(5) Personswithpsychiatricdisordersinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalinstitutions(e.g.personsconsideredasnon-criminallyliablebythecourt,personsundersecuritymeasures,etc.)(6) Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1)Ifasylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsarecounted,howmanyofthem(point6)areheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignforthistypeofdetention(7) Personsheldinprivatefacilities(e.g.privateprisons,detentioncentres,centresfortheapplicationofcertainpenalmeasures[e.g.centresforthetreatmentofpsychiatricdisorders,centresforthetreatment

ofaddictionsetc.])

(8) Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoringReference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2016.1.1

Country (1)Howmany? (2)

Howmany? (2.1) (3)

1.1.3.Howmany?

(3.1) (4)Howmany? (5)

Howmany? (6)

Howmany? (6.1) (7)

Howmany? (8)

Howmany?

Albania NAP *** Yes 64 No NAP *** No NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Andorra NAP *** NAP *** No NAP *** No NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Armenia No *** Yes 8 NA NAP *** No NAP *** No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Austria No *** Yes 149 No No *** No No *** Yes 149 No *** *** No *** Yes 294

Azerbaijan No *** Yes 80 0 No *** No NAP *** No *** Yes 0 No NAP *** NAP ***

Belgium No *** No *** *** No *** *** No *** Yes 193 Yes 1 0 No *** Yes 838

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska NAP *** Yes 10 7 NAP *** No NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Bulgaria No *** No 22 12 No *** No No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Croatia No *** Yes 45 23 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***

Cyprus Yes 42 Yes 19 17 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 0

CzechRep. NAP *** Yes 85 52 NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Denmark No *** No *** No NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***

Estonia No *** Yes 78 60 NAP *** No NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Finland No *** NAP *** No No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** Yes 11 Yes 198

France No *** Yes 724 13 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***



Country (1)Howmany? (2)

Howmany? (2.1) (3)

1.1.3.Howmany?

(3.1) (4)Howmany? (5)

Howmany? (6)

Howmany? (6.1) (7)

Howmany? (8)

Howmany?

Georgia Yes 1112 Yes 20 3 NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 71 NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 10

Germany No *** Yes 5535 4728 No *** *** No *** No *** Yes 38 NA Yes NA No ***

Greece No *** Yes 189 178 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 3

Hungary No *** Yes 818 0 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 167

Iceland No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Ireland NAP *** Yes 9 No NAP *** Yes 31 Yes 5 *** NAP *** Yes 9

Italy No *** No *** No NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 35 NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***

Latvia No *** Yes 36 8 No *** *** NAP *** No *** NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 13

Liechtenstein

Lithuania No *** Yes 112 44 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Luxembourg No *** Yes 3 1 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Malta NAP *** Yes 12 10 NAP *** *** Yes 27 Yes 49 NAP *** *** No *** No ***

Moldova No *** Yes 26 7 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Monaco NAP *** Yes 3 No NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 0 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Montenegro Yes 0 Yes 0 No No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Netherlands No *** No *** No No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 269

Norway No *** Yes 8 NAP *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Poland NAP *** NAP *** NAP NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** No ***

Portugal NAP *** Yes 183 178 NAP *** *** NAP *** Yes 266 NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Romania NAP *** Yes 519 348 Yes 314 161 NAP *** NAP *** NAP *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

RussianFed.

SanMarino Yes 0 Yes 0 2 NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** NAP ***

Serbia No *** Yes 19 15 Yes 199 118 No *** No *** No *** *** NAP *** No ***

SlovakRep. No *** Yes 46 No No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Slovenia No *** Yes 2 2 Yes 19 11 No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Spain(total) No *** No *** No No *** *** Yes 369 No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 1985

Spain(StateAdm.) No *** No *** No No *** *** Yes 347 No *** No *** *** No *** Yes 1924

Spain(Catalonia) No *** No *** No No *** *** Yes 22 No *** No *** *** NAP *** Yes 61

Sweden No *** No *** No No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** No ***

Switzerland Yes 27 Yes 181 9 Yes 34 9 No *** No *** Yes 319 *** No *** No ***

theFYROMacedonia No *** Yes 34 33 No *** *** No *** No *** No *** *** No *** NAP ***

Turkey NA *** Yes 1086 66 Yes 142 23 NA *** NA *** NA *** *** NA *** Yes 2606

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales No *** Yes 635 No NAP *** *** NAP *** No *** Yes 1497 822 Yes 15497 No ***

UK:North.Ireland No *** Yes 22 0 Yes 22 0 No *** No *** Yes 7 0 No *** No ***

UK:Scotland No *** Yes 505 434 No *** *** No *** No *** Yes 2 0 Yes 1205 No ***





NOTES–TABLES1AND1.1

GENERALNOTES Table1:FigurespresentedinthisTablemustbereadtakingintoaccountthatsomecountrieswereunabletoprovidedataon1stSeptember2016.Insuchcases,the relevant day of reference is indicated in the notes below. Moreover,statisticalcountingrules(i.e.therulesappliedineachcountrytocounttheitemsthatwillbeincludedinprisonstatistics)varyacrossEurope;therefore,suchdiversityinfluencesthewayinwhichthetotalnumberofinmatesandthecapacityofpenalinstitutionsarecalculatedineachcountry.Giventhispeculiarity, it is important to read the figures fromTable1 togetherwithcategoriesincludedinTable1.1.

Table1.1Bringsamoreaccuratedistributionofwhatcategoriesofpersonsareheldinpenal institutions(or institutionsdesignedfordetentionof thepersonsmanagedbycriminaljusticesystem).

ALBANIATable1.1:

ü In thesections/units for juvenileoffendersareheldonlyyoungpeople from14 less than18yearsold.

ANDORRANospecialcomment.ARMENIANospecialcomment.AUSTRIATable1.1:

ü Point(2):InAustriathereisonlyoneprisonspecialisedindetentionofjuvenileoffenders.Inthis institutionarede facto alsodetainedconvictsaged18yearandover.As this specialisedprison is located inLowerAustria, juvenileoffendersonlypartlyservetheirsentencesthere.Hence, other juveniles are spread over the other Austrian prisons, where specialiseddepartments for young offenders are established. In the figure presented in the Table areincludedallinmatesaged14to17.Childrenwholivewiththeirdetainedmothers-accordingtothenationalrules–arenotcountedasjuveniles,andarethereforenotincluded.

AZERBAIJANNospecialcomment.BELGIUMTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesincludespersonsplacedunderelectronicsurveillanceasapenaltyenforcementmeasuredeprivingthemoftheirliberty.Ontheotherhand,personsunderelectronicsurveillanceasanindependentsentencearenotincluded.Table1.1:

ü Point(5):Underthisheadingarecountedonly“interned”inmatesheldinthesocialwelfareestablishmentofPaifve,whichisunderthedirectresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.Accordingtothefinaljudicialdecision,“interned”are:

• a.1–those,whocommittedanactqualifiedascrimeormisdemeanourpunishablebyimprisonmentand�

• a.2–whoatthemomentoftrialweresufferingfromamentaldisorderwhichseriouslyaffectsor�abolishesthecapacityofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsand�

• a.3.–forwhomthereisadangerofrecommittingnewoffensesbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.�

• Personssentencedforcrimesormisdemeanours,andwho–duringtheirdetention–were



diagnosedby�aprisonpsychiatristmentalhavingdisordersthatseriouslyaffectorabolishtheircapacityof�discernmentorcontroloftheactsandwhoarelikelytoreoffendbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.

ü Point(8):Electronicanklebraceletsandvoicerecognition.�BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.BULGARIANospecialcomment.CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.CYPRUSTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesis710,ofwhich668wereheldinthePrisonInstitutionand42inpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.Table 1: Total number of inmates includes inputs from the Preventive Detention Facility for verydangerousoffenders.Table1.1:

ü Point(2):Thefigurereferstoallpre-trialdetaineesagedlessthan18(12inmates),andyoungconvicts placed in units for sentenced juveniles (73 inmates). There are no special units forjuvenilepre-trialdetainees,buttheyareplacedinspecialcells.

ü Point(2.1):Thefigureonlyreferstofinalsentencedyoungoffenders.DENMARKNospecialcomment.ESTONIANospecialcomment.FINLANDTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesalsoincludespersonsunderelectronicmonitoring(backdoor)andpersonsinprivatefacilities.Table1.1:

ü Point (8): Supervised probationary freedom. The type of surveillance applied to them iselectronicbracelet.

FRANCENospecialcomment.GEORGIADatarelateto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.GREECENospecialcomment.HUNGARY

ü ThetotalnumberofinmatesinHungarycorrespondstoallthosewhohavethelegalstatusof'inmate'.(I.e.:thosewhoareinprisons,onleave,inhospital,etc…).

Table1.1:ü Point (2): Only those juvenile offenders are counted who are in the prison designated for

juvenile inmates.Thosewhoareplaced in subbranchesof 'normal' prisons (i.e.: prisons foradults)arenotcounted.

ü Point(8):Personsunderelectronicmonitoringaresupervisedwithelectronicanklets.



ICELANDTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesdoesnotinclude3personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions14personsheldinahalf-wayhouse,aprivatefacilityand10personsunderelectronicmonitoring(countedinSpaceII).IRELANDDatarelateto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.Table1.1:

ü Point(8):GPStrackingSystem.ITALYTable1.1:

ü Point(5):Atthedateofthesurvey,therewere35so-called“internees”stillassignedtoJudicialPsychiatricHospitalsoutofatotalnumberof299“internees”.

LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.Table1.1:

ü Points (2) and (2.1): Under these items are included all juvenile inmates (pre-trial andsentenced).

ü Point(8):Thedataconcernsconvictedpersonsreleasedfromtheservingofsentencepriortotheendofsentencetermwiththeelectronicmonitoring.Thecourtshalldecidethatapersonisconditionallyreleasedfromtheexecutionofasanctionpriortocompletionwiththeapplicationofelectronicmonitoringandaccordingwiththisdecisiontheplaceofthedeprivationoflibertyshallreleasethepersonfromtheexecutionofthesanction.Electronicmonitoringincludestheuseofelectronicmonitoringdevices,withinthecompetencyoftheStateProbationService.

LITHUANIANospecialcomment.LUXEMBOURGTable1.1:

ü Point (8): In the total number of inmates are not included 29 persons under electronicsupervision.

MALTANospecialcomment.MOLDOVANospecialcomment.MONACONospecialcomment.MONTENEGROTable 1:The total number of inmates (1 081) includes 307 persons on pre-trial detention and 774personsheldindetentionfacilities.THENETHERLANDSWarning:all the figurespresented in thisreportrefer to theadultprisonsystem. Juvenileprisonersandpeoplebeingtreatedincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorderarenotincluded.Table1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesonlyincludespersonsplacedinprisonsforadults.Table1.1:

ü Point(2): In thetotalnumberof inmatesarenot included439 juvenileoffendersheld inthefacilitiesforjuvenileoffenders(ofwhom313personsareaged18yearsandover).

ü Point(5):Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincluded1380personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorder.

ü Point (6): In the total number of inmates are not included 299 illegal aliens held foradministrativereasons.



ü Point(8):Thetypeofsurveillanceappliediselectronicbracelet.NORWAYNospecialcomment.POLANDDatarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.Table1.1:

ü Point(8):Personsunderelectronicsupervisionarenotincludedinthetotalnumberofinmates.Nevertheless, thereare3967personsunderelectronicmonitoring(not included in the totalnumberofinmates).

PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.Table1.1:

ü Points(2)&(2.1):Leiria’sPenitentiaryInstitution– institutiondesignedforthedetentionofpersonsagedfrom16to21years,includingremanddetainees.

ü Point (5): Under this heading are included 266 inmates, ofwhich 144 are held in custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals,and122areheldinnon-custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals.

ü Point(8):PersonsplacedunderelectronicsurveillancearemanagedbytheGeneralServiceoftheCommunityReintegration(DireçãoGeneraldeReinserçãoSocial).See:SPACEII2016report.

ROMANIANospecialcomment.RUSSIANFEDERATIONData for theRussianFederation are estimates retrieved from theWorldPrisonBrief onlinedatabase(http://www.prisonstudies.org) and were not taken into consideration for the calculation of theEuropeanaverage,median,minimumandmaximumrates.SANMARINONospecialcomment.SERBIANospecialcomment.SLOVAKREPUBLICTable1.1:

ü Point (8): The prison service has been currently testing the use of “electronic monitoringsystem”tocontrolthestayandmovementofimprisonedpersonsduringselectedactivities(e.g.duringworkofconvictsworkingoutsideoftheprison,duringpermittedprisonleaveperformedby convicts).However, from1st January2016, it is possible to control the sentence of homeconfinement or other restrictions and obligations imposed as alternative punishments bytechnicalmeans(“electronicmonitoring”).ElectronicmonitoringasasentencedoesnotexistintheSlovakRepublic.

SLOVENIANospecialcomment.SPAIN(TOTAL)Table1.1:

ü Point(8):Underthisheadingareincludedinmatesclassifiedin3rdgradeoftreatmentinthemodalityoftheArticle86.4.Referstoelectronicbraceletoranothercontrolsystem.

FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)

ü Thesefiguresarecalculationsbasedonthedatafortheallcountry(Spain(total))andCatalonia.SPAIN(CATALONIA)Nospecialcomment.



SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto7thSeptember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIANospecialcomment.TURKEYTable1.1:

ü Points(8):InTurkey,electronicmonitoringsystemisusedinthefollowingsituations:o Intheexecutionofjudicialcontrolmeasuresgiveninsteadofarrest,beforesentence;o In the execution of some alternative punishments given instead of imprisonment

sentence;o Afterreleaseintheexecutionofsomeprobationdecisionsgivenaboutconvictsreleased

fromprison.Thedecisionofusingelectronicmonitoringinsupervisionandtrackingofprobationersintheexecutionprocessisgivenasaresultofariskassessment.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.Table1.1:

ü Overall figures published inOffenderManagement Statistics Quarterly (January-March 2016)QuarterlyTables.

ü Point(2):JuvenilesinYoungOffenderInstitutions.Prisonersaged15-17(TableA1.1OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2016)QuarterlyTables).

ü Point (6): Immigration detainees: Table A1.18 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(January-March2016)Annualtables).

ü Point(6.1):ForeignnationalsinNOMSadministeredbyImmigrationRemovalCentres(TableA1.13OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2016)).

ü Point(7):Establishment'totals.TableA1.13,Offendermanagementstatisticsquarterly:JanuarytoMarch2016 forprisonsclassifiedas 'contractedout'during2015/16 in theNoMS 'PrisonPerformance Digest', published here: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-performance-statistics-2015-to-2016. For reference, these prisons are: Altcourse, Ashfield,Birmingham, Bronzefield, Doncaster, Dovegate, Forest Bank, Lowdham Grange,Northumberland,Oakwood,Parc,Peterborough,RyeHillandThameside.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDGeneralcomment:FiguresrefertothoseinPrisonEstablishmentsplusjuvenilesunder18heldintheJuvenileJusticeCentres(JJC)whichisnotpartoftheprisonestablishment;TheJuvenileJusticeCentreisalsoaneducationalestablishmentandisclassedasbothaschoolandacustodialcentre.UK:SCOTLANDNospecialcomment.



TABLE1.2:CAPACITYOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2016(BYCATEGORIES)

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2016.1.2

Country

Totalcapacityofpenal

institutions(2.0)

Doesthecapacityofpenalinstitutionallowinmatestobeaccommodatedduringthenightinindividual

cells?(2.0.a)

Totalnumberofcellsinpenal

institutions(2.0.b)

Surfaceareaeffectivelyavailableperinmate(m2/inmate)

(2.0.c)

Capacityofremand

institutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences(2.0.1)

Ofwhich

Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders(2.1)

Capacityofothertypes

ofinstitutions

(2.2)

Capacityofremand

institutions/sections(pre-trials)(2.0.1.a)

Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence(2.0.1.b)

Albania 5455 No 2642 5.3 5455 2618 2837 40 295Andorra 145 NA 57 11.0 145 40 105 8 0Armenia 5424 No 804 4.0 5424 1180 4244 NAP NAPAustria 8834 NA NA 10.0 NA NA NA 390 NAPAzerbaijan 25509 NA NA 4.0 25309 4469 20840 200 NAPBelgium 9727 No NA NA 9522 NA NA NAP 205BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1414 No 46 4.0 1414 298 1116 NAP NAPBulgaria 9670 No NA 4.0 9670 1543 8127 234 NAPCroatia 4022 No 2127 4.0 3774 1647 2127 122 NAPCyprus 528 No 478 6.4 528 57 471 16 NAPCzechRep. 20754 No 5196 3.6 20459 2333 18126 105 NAPDenmark 3522 Yes 3522 7to12 3522 1573 1949 NAP 559Estonia 2916 Yes NAP 3.0 NAP NAP NAP 200 NAPFinland 3096 No 2650 NA 3096 NA NA NAP NAPFrance 58587 No 51153 7.8 58186 34215 23971 342 401Georgia 12681 NA NA 4.0 NA NA NA 106 NAPGermany 73471 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 9815 No 2830 4.8 9815 NAP NAP 325 NAPHungary 13771 No 5801 3.6 13771 3272 10499 412 NAP

Iceland 142 Yes 142 10.6 142 8 134 NAP NAPIreland 4202 No 2741 NA 4202 431 3771 48 NAPItaly 49600 No 32061 9.0 48442 36677 11765 NAP 1158Latvia 5852 Yes 1184 4.0 5551 1473 4078 17 131Liechtenstein Lithuania 9399 NA NA NA 9086 1396 7690 313 NAPLuxembourg 711 No 637 11.0 696 271 425 15 NAPMalta 617 Yes 568 12.0 NA NA NA 20 49Moldova 8654 No 1292 3.4 8594 2380 6274 60 NAPMonaco 82 No 27 14.0 82 82 82 18 NAPMontenegro 1350 Yes 303 4.0 1350 445 885 20 NAPNetherlands 10688 NA 10688 NA 3438 3438 5344 NAP NAPNorway 4122 No 3801 NAP NAP NAP NAP 8 NAPPoland 87409 NA NA 3.0 80544 NAP NA NAP NAPPortugal 12600 No NA 7.0 NAP NAP NAP 347 NAPRomania 26251 No NA NA NAP NAP NAP 1078 NAPRussianFed. SanMarino 8 Yes 8 6.0 8 8 8 NA NAPSerbia 9802 No 2308 4.0 9160 2047 7113 642 NAPSlovakRep. 11180 No NA 3.8 11180 1824 9356 56 NAPSlovenia 1322 No NA 1.3 1275 245 1030 47 NAPSpain(total) 84478 NA 53508 9.9 NA NAP NAP NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 72365 NA 47591 9.9 NA NAP NAP NAP NAPSpain(Catalonia) 12113 No 5917 9.9 NA NAP NAP NAP NAPSweden 6203 Yes NA NA 6203 1964 4239 NAP NAPSwitzerland 7493 NA NA NA NA NA NA 227 NAtheFYROMacedonia 2531 No 560 3.0 2496 452 2044 35 NAPTurkey 187351 Yes NA NA NA NA NA 1596 185755Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 87027 NA NA NA 86055 NAP NAP NA 972UK:North.Ireland 1962 Yes NA NA 1962 1962 1962 48 NAPUK:Scotland 8152 NAP NAP NA NA NA NA NA NA



NOTES–TABLE1.2

Theindicatorofprisondensity(generallyusedfortheassessmentofprisonovercrowding)iscalculatedonthebasisofthenumberofinmatesandtheavailablecapacityforallcategoriesofinmatesincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.

Inordertoproduceasreliableaspossibleindicatorofprisondensityitiscompulsorytotakeintoaccountthedetaileddistributionofthecapacityofdifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions.

When comparing the indicators of prisondensity andprison overcrowding,we look for details in eachcountryabouttherulesappliedwhencalculatingthecapacityofpenal institutions(e.g.surfaceareaperprisoner,operationalcapacity,etc.).Thefollowingnotesmustalsobetakenintoaccount.

DISCLAIMERCONCERNINGTHE

FIGURESOF

SURFACEAREAPER

INMATE(TABLE1ANDTABLE1.2)

Some of the national correspondents were asked to clarify the procedures ofcalculation of theminimal surface area per inmate. In some countries these figurescorrespond to the legal standards that are compulsory to be respected. In othercountries,thesefiguresareaverageestimatesoftherealindividuallivingspacesinsidecells.Inviewoftheabovemethodologicallimitation,thesedatacannotbeverifiedandcross-nationallyvalidated.Therefore,theyshouldbeusedasraw-dataonly.

ALBANIAü Point(2.1):CapacitiesofPrisonHospitalandSpecialInstitutioninKruja.

AUSTRIAü Point(2.0.1):ThereisnoexclusiveremandinstitutioninAustria,neitherspecificdefinitionof

capacityforpre-trials.Therefore,differentinstitutionsthataccommodateremanddetaineesandsentencedprisonershavetomanagethetotalcapacityoftheirprisonsaccordingtoactualneeds.

ü Point(2.1):ThereisonlyonespecialisedprisonforyoungoffendersinAustria.Thecapacityof390 places is the capacity in this specialised institution and the capacity foreseen in specialdepartmentslocatedinregularadultprisons.

AZERBAIJANü Surfaceareaperinmate:Thelivingspaceforprisonersintreatmentfacilitiesis5m2.

BELGIUMü Point(2.2):CorrespondstothecapacityofthesocialwelfareestablishmentofPaifve.Within

this establishment are placed “interned” inmates. Paifve establishment is under the directresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point(2.0.c):Incertaincaseswherethislawpermits,prisonerscanstayaloneintheircells.We

currentlyhaveatotalof46suchcells.BULGARIA

ü Point(2.1):Correspondstothecapacityinm2.CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Thetotalcapacityincludes122placesforjuvenileoffendersand126placesinprisonhospital.

CYPRUSü Point(2.0):Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutionsis716,ofwhich528placesinprisoninstitution

and188placesinpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLIC

ü Point(2.0):thefigureincludescapacityinunitsforjuvenileoffendersandcellswherepre-trialjuvenilesareplaced.

ü Point(2.0.c):Theaveragesurfaceis3,64m2,butinsomeunits(suchasunitsforspecialgroupsof offenders, units for juveniles etc.,) the surface is up to 6m2. The capacity in preventivedetention(fordangerousoffenders)isupto11m2.



ü Point(2.1):Capacityoftheunitsforfinalsentencedjuvenilesonly(notforpre-trialdetainees).Includes85placesforpreventivedetention(forsecurityreasons),and97placesintheprisonhospitalofPragueand113placesintheprisonhospitaloBrno.

DENMARKü Point (2.2): Data refers to inmates held in halfway houses (188) and detention centres for

asylumseekersand/orillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons(371).ESTONIA

ü Point(2.0):Itisnotpossibletocorrectlyestablishthetotalnumberofcellsasat1stSeptember2016.TheEstoniancell-typeprisonsarebuiltinsuchawaythatitisnotnecessarytodistinguishcellsforpre-trialsandforthosewhoareservingasentence.

FINLANDü Point (2.0): In addition there are 88 places in prison hospital and psychiatric hospital for

prisoners.ü Point(2.0.1.a)Therearenospecificinstitutionsforpre-trialdetainees.ü Point(2.1):Therearenospecificinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.

FRANCEü Point(2.0.c):Thefigurecorrespondstothetotalareaofcellsdividedbythetotalnumberof

heldinmates.ü Point(2.2):OthertypesofinstitutionsastheEPSNF(EtablisementPublicdeSantéNationalde

Fresnes–Fresnes’nationalpublichealth institution), theCNE(CentreNationald'Evaluation -NationalEvaluationCenter),andtheUAT(Unitéd'AccueiletdeTransfert–HostandTransferUnit).

GERMANYü Datarelateto31stMarch2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

HUNGARYü Points(2.1.):GiventhefactthatinSeptember2016therewerefourprisonssuitableforjuvenile

inmates,thesumoftheseplacesarestatedhere.(I.e.:alltheplacesespeciallymeantforjuvenileinmates.).

ü Surfacearea:Accordingtorelevantnationalregulations,capacityshouldbemeasuredpercellswhereeachpieceof furniture that lowers theavailablesurface (e.g.:bunkbeds)shallnotbecounted.Duringallocation, theavailableairspaceshouldbeat least6m3,while in thecaseofmaleprisoners theavailable surface shouldbeat least3m2.3,5m2 is required in the caseoffemaleandjuvenileprisoners.

ICELANDü Point(2.0)

o Thecapacitycorrespondstothenumberofprisoncells;o Capacity in IcelandicPrisons isabit lowerat1stSeptember2016(comparing to last

year) because Hegningarhúsið Prison was closed 1 June 2016 and the PrisonKópavogsbraut17wasclosed22May2015andthenewPrison,Hólmsheiði,wasnottakenintouseuntil15November2016.

IRELANDü Point(2.0.b):Remandprisonerscanbeheldinany"closed"prison.

ITALYü Datarelateto1stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Point(2.0):The figureunder thisheadingrefers to theregularcapacityof thewholeprison

system.InItaly,thecurrentregularcapacityofpenalestablishmentsiscalculatedonthebasisofaDecreeof theMinistryofHealthof1975relevant tocivilhouses; theparametersofsaidMinisterialDecreewerewhollyadoptedbythePenitentiaryAdministration:inparticular,thesurface foreseen fora single room is9m2,plus5m2 foreach furtherbed.Theanalysiswhichderives from this Report must keep into consideration the fact that overcrowding found in



various Countries is based upon non uniform data, given that the survey criteria for prisondensityinvariousjurisdictionshavesubstantialdifferences

ü Point(2..0.b):Ofthe32061cells,3047cellsarenotavailable(asofAugust2016).ü Point(2.2):Placesinestablishmentsfortheexecutionofsecuritymeasures

LATVIAü Point(2.2):CapacityoftheLatvianPrisonHospital.

LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

MALTAü Point(2.2):Forensicunit.

MONACOü Points(2.0.1.a)&(2.0.1.b):Thecapacity is thesameregardlessof thecriminalcategoryof

inmates.THENETHERLANDS

ü Point(2.0):Thetotalcapacityonlyreferstothecapacityoftheadultprisonsystem.Besidesthecapacityofremandinstitutionsandjuvenileinstitutions,thereare1906placesthatcanbeusedforbothremandandsentencedprisoners,ofwhich590arereserveplaces.Therefore,thetotaladultcapacityis10688.

ü Point(2.0.a):Thecapacityofpenalinstitutionspartiallyallowsprisonerstobeaccommodatedduringthenightinindividualcells.

ü Point(2.1):Intotalcapacityarenotincluded609placesforjuvenileoffenders(ofwhich104reservecapacity).

Intotalcapacityarenotincluded1491placesofcustodialclinics,aswellas933placesforillegalaliens(ofwhich170reserveplaces).

NORWAYü Point(2.0.c):Inmatesonremandandthoseservingasentenceareheldinthesameinstitutions.

Usually these groups are held in different wings but not always. Therefore, attempts todifferentiatepoints(2.2.a)and(2.2.b)wouldbeunreliable.

ü Point(2.1):Referstoinmatesunder18yearsold.POLANDDatarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

ü Point(2.0.1):Correspondstothecapacityofaccommodationwardsinallpenalinstitutions.ü Point(2.0.c):Anormaccordingtothepenalcode.

PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Point(2.0):Arenotincluded122personsheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsandhospitals,asthey

arenotconsideredcriminallyresponsible.ü Point(2.1):Leiria’sPenitentiaryInstitutiondesignedforthedetentionofpersonsagedbetween

16and21years.ROMANIA

ü Point(2.0.c):Surfaceareais4m2perinmateinclosedregimeinstitutions,inmaximumsecurityinstitutionsandinthosedesignedforremanddetention.Ininstitutionswithopenregime,semi-liberty,ineducationcentresitis6m3perinmate.

SANMARINOü Point(2.0.c):Thereare8cells,4ofwhichareequippedwithbunkbeds,soitispossibletoplace

asecondinmateinthere.SERBIA

ü Point(2.1):JuvenilesareaccommodatedwithprisonerswhoisatthemomenttheycommittedthecrimewereNotolderthan23years,personsservingthesentenceofjuvenileimprisonment



and persons on educational measure who is being referred to educational-correctionalinstitutions.

SLOVAKREPUBLICü Point(2.0):Thetotalaccommodationareaofacelloraroomisdeterminedfromthetotalarea

of thecellorroomafterdeductionof theareaoccupiedbythesanitarypartplaced incellorroom,separatedtoiletplacedincellorroom,areaoverwhichistheclearheightofthecellorroomlessthan1300mm,areacoveredwithbuilt-infurniture,areaforwindowsanddoors.Intotheareaofthecellorroomitiscountedtheareaofbowwindowsandbows,incasetheyareatleast1200mmwide,300mmdeepand2000mmhighfromtheflooratthesametime.

ü Point (2.0.c): Surface area is an average figure/data. In the Slovak Republic, the minimumaccommodationarea foroneprisoner isdefinedby lawas follows:3.5m² formen,4m² forwomen,4m²forjuveniles.

SLOVENIAü Surfaceareacorrespondstothesurfaceeffectivelyavailablepereachprisonerinthecellsas

follows:9m2perprisonerinsinglecellsand7m2perprisonerinmulti-occupancycells(commondormitories).

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Points(2.0.1.a)and(2.0.1.b):ThepenalinstitutionsinSpainaredesignedtohostbothremand

andconvictedinmates.Separatefiguresarenotavailable.SWITZERLAND

ü Point(2.0):Corresponds to theofficial capacity, that is, the totalnumberofplacesavailableestablishedbythecompetentauthority,withoutinfirmaryanddisciplinarycells.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Datarelateto4thSeptember2016insteadof2ndSeptember2016.ü Point(2.0):Totaluseableoperationalcapacity(publishedinPrisonPopulationBulletin-Weekly

4 September 2016: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-population-figures-2016.xls).

ü Point (2.0.1): Prison useable operational capacity (published in Prison Population Bulletin-Weekly2September2016:https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-population-figures-2016).

ü Point(2.2):TotaluseableoperationalcapacityofNOMSoperatedRemovalCentres(publishedin Prison Population Bulletin-Weekly 2 September 2016:https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-population-figures-2016).

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Point (2.0): Capacity for the Juvenile Justice Centre is 48 regardless of custodial category

likewise,prisonestablishmentshavecapacityfor1914regardlessofcustodialcapacity.ü Point(2.0.b):NotavailablefortheprisonestablishmentbutfortheJuvenileJusticeCentreis48

bedrooms.ü Point(2.0.c):Notavailableforprisonestablishmentbutis10.12fortheJuvenileJusticeCentre

andthisreferstothebedroomsize.Eachyoungpersonhastheirownbedroom.



FIGURE1.A:COUNTRIESWITHMORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100000INHABITANTS(HIGHESTPRISONPOPULATIONRATES)

In2016,theEuropeanmedianPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]was117.1inmatesper100000inhabitants.Comparedto2015,wecanobserveaslightincrease,thesameindicatorwas115.7.In2013,thePPRwas133.5inmatesper100000inhabitants.In2014thePPRstartedtodecrease,reaching124.0inmatesper100000inhabitantsand2015itwas115.7inmatesper100000inhabitantsin2015,risingagainin2016.In2016,thereare27(52%)outof45analysedPrisonAdministrationsthatreportedhighPPR(morethan100inmatesper100000inhabitants).ThisproportionofcountrieswithhighPPRislowertotheoneobservedin2015,whichwas59%ofallthe46PrisonAdministrationsanalysed.FIGURE1.B:COUNTRIESWITHPRISONOVERCROWDING(MORETHAN100PRISONERSPER

100PLACES)

In2016,themediandensity inEuropeanpenal institutionswasof91.6inmatesper100availableplaces.Theindicatorhasapproximatelythesamevalueasin2105and2014,whenitwas,respectively,91.8.,and93.6.

101.5

102.6

102.7

116.7

117.1

122.3

128.0

130.3

130.7

133.2

133.2

140.5

146.4

150.8

161.7

173.7

184.8

187.6

188.4

202.9

204.8

212.6

213.0

222.7

236.3

244.1

244.6

256.3

0

50

100

150

200

250

300European Average:127.9European Median: 117.1

100.5

102.8

105.8

108.3

108.3

108.9

109.3

109.4

116.9

119.4

126.5

132.0

132.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140EuropeanAverage:90.2EuropeanMedian:91.6



Thenumberofcountrieswithmorethan130inmatesper100placeshasdecreasedbetween2008and2014:6countriesin2008,7in2009,6in2010,5in2011,5in2012and2013,andonlyonein2014.In2015and2016thereweretwocountrieswithmorethan130inmatesper100places.

Disclaimer:PrisondensityandprisonovercrowdingTheindicatorsofprisondensity(Table1)andprisonovercrowding(Figure1b)arecalculatedonthebasisofthedataonprisoncapacityprovidedbythecountries,whichcorrespondstotheirownestimationofit.TheSPACEquestionnaireprovidesadefinitionofovercrowdingbasedonthedesigncapacity of the prisons (i.e. there is overcrowingdovercrowind when there are more than 100inmatesper100placesinpenalinstitutions).However,ascanbeseeninthecommentstoTables1and1.2,mostcountriesusetheconceptofoperationalcapacityinsteadofdesigncapacity(seethedefinitionsbelow).Asaconsequence,theindicatorsofprisondensityandprisonovercrowdingdonotallowdirectcross-nationalcomparisons.Thedesigncapacitycorrespondstothenumberofinmatesthatapenalinstitutionwasintendedtokeepwhenitwasconstructedorrenewed.Theoperationalcapacitycorrespondstothenumberofinmatesthatapenalinstitutioncanactuallykeepwhileremainingfunctional.Inpractice,thesedefinitionsareusuallyslightlyadaptedbythecountries.Forexample,Scotlandappliesthedesigncapacity,whichaccordingtotheInformationCenteroftheScottishParliament(SPICe) refers to “the number of inmates intended for prison facilities based on minimumstandards”(SPICeBriefing:TheScottishCriminalJusticeSystem:ThePrisonService,byGrahamRoss,30 April 2012). On the other hand, England and Wales apply the operational capacity, which,according to theNational OffenderManagement Service andHM Prison Service of England andWales is defined as “the total number of prisoners that an establishment can hold taking intoaccountcontrolsecurityandtheproperoperationoftheplannedregime. It isdeterminedbytheDeputyDirector of Custody on the basis of operational judgement and experience” (PopulationBulletin:monthlyDecember2015).



TABLE1.3:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPT.2016:ADJUSTEDFIGURES


CountryPopulationon1stJanuary2016

Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)non-adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100

000inhabitantsnon-adjusted

Totalnumberofinmates

(includingpre-trial

detainees)adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100

000inhabitantsadjusted

Albania 2886026 5910 204.8 5846 202.6Andorra 78264 47 60.1 47 60.1Armenia 2998577 3907 130.3 3899 130.0Austria 8690076 8824 101.5 8381 96.4Azerbaijan 9705643 22938 236.3 22858 235.5Belgium 11311117 11615 102.7 10583 93.6BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1157516 863 74.6 853 73.7Bulgaria 7153784 8347 116.7 8325 116.4Croatia 4190669 3108 74.2 3063 73.1Cyprus 848319 668 78.7 607 71.6CzechRep. 10553843 22481 213.0 22396 212.2Denmark 5707251 3408 59.7 3408 59.7Estonia 1315944 2670 202.9 2592 197.0Finland 5487308 3110 56.7 2901 52.9France 66759950 68514 102.6 67790 101.5Georgia 3720400 9534 256.3 8321 223.7Germany 82175684 64397 78.4 58824 71.6Greece 10783748 9621 89.2 9429 87.4Hungary 9830485 18171 184.8 17186 174.8Iceland 332529 124 37.3 124 37.3Ireland 4724720 3688 78.1 3634 76.9Italy 60665551 54195 89.3 54160 89.3Latvia 1968957 4186 212.6 4137 210.1Liechtenstein 37622 Lithuania 2888558 7051 244.1 6939 240.2Luxembourg 576249 705 122.3 702 121.8Malta 434403 556 128.0 468 107.7Moldova 3553056 7911 222.7 7885 221.9Monaco 38200 32 83.8 29 75.9Montenegro 622218 1081 173.7 1081 173.7Netherlands 16979120 8726 51.4 8457 49.8Norway 5210721 3851 73.9 3843 73.8Poland 37967209 71528 188.4 67561 177.9Portugal 10341330 13779 133.2 13330 128.9Romania 19760314 27765 140.5 26932 136.3RussianFed. SanMarino 33005 2 6.1 2 6.1Serbia 7076372 10672 150.8 10454 147.7SlovakRep. 5426252 10181 187.6 10135 186.8Slovenia 2064188 1308 63.4 1287 62.3Spain(total) 46440099 60687 130.7 58333 125.6Spain(StateAdm.) 39031809 52009 133.2 49738 127.4Spain(Catalonia) 7408290 8678 117.1 8595 116.0Sweden 9851017 5762 58.5 5762 58.5Switzerland 8327126 6912 83.0 6351 76.3theFYROMacedonia 2071278 3349 161.7 3315 160.0Turkey 78741053 192627 244.6 188793 239.8Ukraine 42590879 UK:Engl.&Wales 58147409 85134 146.4 67505 116.1UK:North.Ireland 1858540 1500 80.7 1449 78.0UK:Scotland 5376607 7657 142.4 5945 110.6Average 127.9 122.1Median 117.1 110.6Minimum 6.1 6.1Maximum 256.3 240.2



TABLE1.4:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2016BYDECREASINGPRISONPOPULATIONRATES(NON-ADJUSTEDVERSUSADJUSTEDFIGURES)


Country

Totalnumber

ofprisonersnon-

adjusted

Prisonpopulationratenon-adjusted↓

Country

Totalnumber

ofprisonersadjusted

Prisonpopulationrate–

adjusted↓

Diff.(%)betweentotal

numbers

1 Georgia 9534 256.3 1 Lithuania 6939 240.2 1.62 Turkey 192627 244.6 2 Turkey 188793 239.8 2.03 Lithuania 7051 244.1 3 Azerbaijan 22858 235.5 0.34 Azerbaijan 22938 236.3 4 Georgia 8321 223.7 12.75 Moldova 7911 222.7 5 Moldova 7885 221.9 0.36 CzechRep. 22481 213.0 6 CzechRep. 22396 212.2 0.47 Latvia 4186 212.6 7 Latvia 4137 210.1 1.28 Albania 5910 204.8 8 Albania 5846 202.6 1.19 Estonia 2670 202.9 9 Estonia 2592 197.0 2.910 Poland 71528 188.4 10 SlovakRep. 10135 186.8 0.511 SlovakRep. 10181 187.6 11 Poland 67561 177.9 5.512 Hungary 18171 184.4 12 Hungary 17186 174.8 5.413 Montenegro 1081 173.7 13 Montenegro 1081 173.7 0.014 theFYROMacedonia 3349 161.7 14 theFYROMacedonia 3315 160.0 1.015 Serbia 10672 150.8 15 Serbia 10454 147.7 2.016 UK:Engl.&Wales 85134 146.4 16 Romania 26932 136.3 3.017 UK:Scotland 7657 142.4 17 Armenia 3899 130.0 0.218 Romania 27765 140.5 18 Portugal 13330 128.9 3.319 Spain(StateAdm.) 52009 133.2 19 Spain(StateAdm.) 49738 127.4 4.420 Portugal 13779 133.2 20 Spain(total) 58333 125.6 3.921 Spain(total) 60687 130.7 21 Luxembourg 702 121.8 0.422 Armenia 3907 130.3 22 Bulgaria 8325 116.4 0.323 Malta 556 128.0 23 UK:Engl.&Wales 67505 116.1 20.724 Luxembourg 705 122.3 24 Spain(Catalonia) 8595 116.0 1.025 Spain(Catalonia) 8678 117.1 25 UK:Scotland 5945.0 110.6 22.426 Bulgaria 8347 116.7 26 Malta 468 107.7 15.827 Belgium 11615 102.7 27 France 67790 101.5 1.128 France 68514 102.6 28 Austria 8381 96.4 5.029 Austria 8824 101.5 29 Belgium 10583 93.6 8.930 Italy 54195 89.3 30 Italy 54160 89.3 0.131 Greece 9621 89.2 31 Greece 9429 87.4 2.032 Monaco 32 83.8 32 UK:North.Ireland 1449 78.0 3.433 Switzerland 6912 83.0 33 Ireland 3634 76.9 1.534 UK:North.Ireland 1500 80.7 34 Switzerland 6351 76.3 8.135 Cyprus 668 78.7 35 Monaco 29 75.9 9.436 Germany 64397 78.4 36 Norway 3843 73.8 0.237 Ireland 3688 78.1 37 BH:Rep.Srpska 853 73.7 1.238 BH:Rep.Srpska 863 74.6 38 Croatia 3063 73.1 1.439 Croatia 3108 74.2 39 Germany 58824 71.6 8.740 Norway 3851 73.9 40 Cyprus 607 71.6 9.141 Slovenia 1308 63.4 41 Slovenia 1287 62.3 1.642 Andorra 47 60.1 42 Andorra 47 60.1 0.043 Denmark 3408 59.7 43 Denmark 3408 59.7 0.044 Sweden 5762 58.5 44 Sweden 5762 58.5 0.045 Finland 3110 56.7 45 Finland 2901 52.9 6.746 Netherlands 8726 51.4 46 Netherlands 8457 49.8 3.147 Iceland 124 37.3 47 Iceland 124 37.3 0.048 SanMarino 2 6.1 48 SanMarino 2 6.1 0.0



NOTES–TABLES1.3AND1.4

InTables1.3and1.4,figureshavebeenadjustedaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythecountriesonthe categories included and excluded in their total prison population (seeTable 1.1). Indeed, inmanycountries,specialinstitutionsforthedetentionofjuvenileoffenders,drug-addicts,mentallyillpersons,andadministrativealiensarenotundertheauthorityofthePrisonAdministration.Asaconsequence,personsheldintheseinstitutionsdonotappearinthetotalprisonpopulation.Onthecontrary,ascanbeseeninTable1.1,othercountriesincludeallorsomeofthesecategoriesintheirprisonpopulation.Thus,inordertoproducefiguresonprisonpopulationsthatarecomparableacrossEurope,inTable1.3,allpersonsunderthesespecialregimeswereexcludedfromthetotalnumberofprisoners.

PRIVATEFACILITIES Persons held in private facilities were kept in the adjusted figures (Finland,Germany,UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:Scotland).

Thetotaladjustednumberofprisonerscorresponds,inprinciple,tothenumberofinmatesheldinpenalinstitutions for adult inmates which are under the authority of the Prison Administration.Nevertheless,thesedatamustbeconsideredwithcautionastheadjustmentsdonotnecessarytakeintoaccountalltheparticularitiesofthestatisticalcountingrulesappliedbyeachcountry.

METHODOLOGICALREMARKS

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü InputsaboutSpain(total)werenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean

values to avoidduplicationof thedata included in Spain (CentralAdministration) andSpain(Catalonia).



TABLE1.5:EVOLUTIONOFPRISONPOPULATIONSBETWEEN2006AND2016

(a) Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)on1stSeptemberofeachyear(sourceSPACEI)*;

(b) Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantson1stSeptemberofeachyear(source:SPACEI)*;

(c) Change2006-2016=Evolution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2006and2016;

(d) Change2015-2016=Evolution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2015and2016.

*N.B.–Forsomecountries,theaccuratereferencedatemayvaryacrossyears(seeSPACEI2006to2016fordetails).Nationalpopulationfigureshavebeenupdatedfor2014and2015;consequently,theprisonpopulationratesofallcountrieshavebeenupdatedforbothyears.


Country2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

(c) (d)(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)

Albania 3425 109.3 3884 123.3 5041 159.0 4482 140.7 4750 148.2 4772 168.5 4890 173.7 4998 172.4 5440 187.8 5981 206.8 5910 204.8 66.0 -1.0

Andorra 30 38.2 60 72.2 68 80.5 36 42.8 36 42.3 41 52.5 47 61.6 53 68.9 52 66.7 4 60.1 57.2 -9.9

Armenia 2822 87.8 5682 176.5 3462 107.4 3825 118.4 3989 123.2 4918 151.3 4514 138.4 4714 144.0 4698 155.2 3979 131.9 3888 129.1 3907 130.3 -26.2 0.9

Austria 8767 106.9 8780 106.4 8887 107.3 7899 95.0 8423 100.8 8597 102.6 8767 104.3 8756 104.1 8831 104.5 8857 104.1 9037 105.4 8824 101.5 -4.5 -3.6

Azerbaijan 16969 203.3 17809 211.1 20986 243.2 20470 230.1 21904 243.4 23191 254.5 21034 227.8 20327 217.3 22579 238.2 24197 252.2 22938 236.3 12.0 -6.3

Belgium 9371 89.7 9971 94.9 9879 93.3 10234 95.9 10901 101.4 11382 105.0 11825 107.5 12310 111.0 12697 113.8 13212 118.2 12841 114.3 11615 102.7 8.3 -10.1

BH:BiH(st.level) 18 19 20 20 17

BH:Fed.BiH 1344 47.2 1557 54.7 1619 56.8 1736 60.6 1671 58.3 1700 72.7

BH:Rep.Srpska 1029 72.9 952 65.9 928 64.5 924 64.3 961 67.0 1046 73.0 1054 73.7 1062 74.3 1003 70.4 940 80.5 877 75.5 863 74.6 13.1 -1.2

Bulgaria 11436 147.4 11'058 143.3 10'271 133.7 9'408 123.1 9'006 118.4 9'379 124.0 9'885 131.7 9'493 130.3 8'834 121.3 7870 108.6 7583 105.3 8347 116.7 -18.6 10.8

Croatia 3485 78.4 3833 86.3 4127 92.9 4734 106.7 4891 110.3 5165 116.7 5084 115.2 4741 110.9 4352 102.1 3763 88.6 3341 79.1 3108 74.2 -14.0 -6.2

Cyprus 529 70.6 599 80.5 834 110.0 831 107.0 883 110.8 900 109.9 905 107.8 930 107.9 811 93.7 681 79.4 654 77.2 668 78.7 0.8 2.0

CzechRepublic 19052 186.4 18912 184.5 18901 183.7 20502 197.5 22021 210.4 21955 209.0 23170 220.9 22644 215.5 16266 154.7 18658 177.5 20866 198.0 22481 213.0 15.5 7.6

Denmark 4132 76.4 3759 69.3 3624 66.5 3451 63.0 3721 67.5 3944 71.3 3947 71.0 3829 68.6 4091 73.0 3583 63.7 3203 56.6 3408 59.7 -13.8 5.5

Estonia 4410 327.3 4310 320.5 3456 257.4 3656 272.6 3555 265.2 3470 258.9 3385 252.6 3417 257.8 3256 246.6 2962 225.1 2768 210.5 2670 202.9 -36.7 -3.6

Finland 3823 73.0 3714 70.7 3624 68.7 3531 66.6 3589 67.4 3316 62.0 3261 60.7 3196 59.2 3126 57.6 3097 56.8 3007 55.0 3110 56.7 -19.8 3.1

France 57582 91.7 57876 91.5 63500 99.8 63185 98.6 61781 96.1 61142 94.5 64147 98.8 66704 102.2 66704 102.6 66869 117.9 65544 98.6 68514 102.6 12.1 4.1

Georgia 8668 200.6 13419 304.9 18384 418.3 19507 445.2 19825 452.1 23684 533.9 24186 541.2 23227 516.4 8868 198.1 10233 227.9 10242 274.6 9534 256.3 -15.9 -6.7

Germany 78992 95.7 79146 96.0 77868 94.6 74706 90.9 73263 89.3 71634 87.6 70931 86.8 69268 86.2 67681 84.1 65710 81.4 63628 78.4 64397 78.4 -18.4 0.0

Greece 9589 86.5 10113 90.9 10700 95.8 11798 105.2 11080 98.4 11934 105.6 12479 110.3 13238 120.3 12006 109.9 9646 88.8 9621 89.2 -1.9 0.4

Hungary 16394 162.4 15591 154.7 14892 147.9 15079 150.1 15724 156.8 16459 164.4 17413 174.4 17585 177.1 18313 184.8 18'270 185.0 17773 180.3 18171 184.8 19.5 2.5

Iceland 119 40.5 119 39.7 115 37.4 140 44.4 118 36.9 165 51.9 149 46.8 152 47.6 152 47.2 154 47.3 146 44.4 124 37.3 -6.0 -15.9

Ireland 3135 74.5 3305 76.6 3523 80.0 3919 88.1 4352 97.4 4257 93.1 4323 94.3 4065 88.5 3829 83.1 3746 80.9 3688 78.1 4.8 -3.5

Italy 59649 102.0 38309 65.2 45612 77.1 55831 93.6 63981 106.6 68345 113.3 67104 110.7 66271 111.6 64835 108.6 54252 89.3 52389 86.2 54195 89.3 37.0 3.7

Latvia 7228 313.4 6531 284.6 6452 282.8 6544 288.2 6999 309.5 6778 301.5 6556 316.0 6195 303.0 5205 257.2 4809 240.3 4399 221.5 4186 212.6 -25.3 -4.0

Liechtenstein 10 28.9 10 28.6 6 17.1 10 28.3 7 19.7 14 39.0 13 36.0 8 21.9 9 24.4 8 21.5 8 21.4

Lithuania 7993 233.4 8078 237.4 7842 231.7 7744 230.0 8295 247.6 8887 267.0 9504 311.3 10033 334.0 9621 323.7 8977 305.0 8022 274.6 7051 244.1 2.8 -11.1

Luxembourg 693 150.3 755 161.0 744 156.2 673 139.1 679 137.6 690 137.4 644 125.8 659 125.6 717 133.5 656 119.3 667 118.5 705 122.3 -24.0 3.3

Malta 298 74.0 343 84.7 577 140.6 494 119.4 583 140.7 599 144.1 622 149.0 577 136.9 571 134.2 556 128.0 51.1 NA

Moldova 8990 249.7 8817 245.6 8130 227.0 7252 203.0 6769 189.7 6415 180.0 6337 178.0 6621 186.0 6666 187.3 7166 201.4 7813 219.8 7911 222.7 -9.3 1.3

Monaco 34 102.8 37 113.5 36 110.2 34 96.2 23 64.5 12 33.4 32 90.3 41 109.1 29 28 28 74.1 32 83.8 -26.2 NA

Montenegro 986 156.5 1438 233.3 1328 214.2 1229 198.1 1142 183.9 1058 170.2 1100 176.8 1081 173.7 NA -1.7

Netherlands 15390 94.4 13747 84.2 12919 79.0 11799 71.9 11629 70.5 11737 70.8 11579 69.5 11324 67.7 10547 62.9 9857 58.6 9002 53.3 8726 51.4 -38.9 -3.5

Norway 3097 67.2 3164 68.2 3280 70.1 3278 69.2 3285 68.4 3636 74.8 3535 71.8 3551 71.2 3649 72.2 3718 72.8 3664 70.9 3851 73.9 8.4 4.2

Poland 82656 216.5 88647 232.3 90199 236.6 83152 218.2 84003 220.3 80728 211.5 81382 211.2 84156 221.1 78994 207.5 77371 203.5 70836 186.4 71528 188.4 -18.9 1.1

Portugal 12889 122.4 12636 119.6 11587 109.3 10807 101.8 11099 104.4 11613 109.2 12681 119.9 13614 129.1 14284 136.2 14003 134.3 14222 137.1 13779 133.2 11.5 -2.8

Romania 37929 175.1 35910 166.2 31290 145.1 27262 126.6 27028 125.7 28191 131.4 29823 139.3 31883 158.7 33122 165.4 31637 158.6 28642 144.1 27765 140.5 -15.4 -2.5

RussianFed. 823672 574.1 871609 610.6 871609 612.9 887723 625.1 880671 620.6 838500 590.8 780100 546.1 717400 501.5 681622 475.0 671027 467.1 642470 439.2

SanMarino 1 3.4 1 3.3 1 3.3 2 6.2 2 6.4 0 0.0 2 6.3 1 3.0 2 6.0 4 12.3 2 6.1 2 6.1 81.8 -0.7



Source:SPACEI2006toSPACEI2016

NB1:ThePrisonPopulationRatesforAzerbaijanarerecalculatedfor2010and2011includingonlyinmatesmanagedbythePrisonServiceandthepre-traildetentionfacilityundertheMinistryofNationalSecurity.

NB2:ThePrisonPopulationRatesforBulgariaarerecalculatedforthewholeseries2004-2013,byexcludingtheinmatesheldintheinvestigativedetentionfacilities[IDF],becausetheaccuratenumberoftheseinmatesismissingsince2013.Theevolutionshouldbeconsideredaspartialastherealnumberofthetotalprisonpopulationisnotavailable.

NB3:ThePrisonPopulationRatesfortheNetherlandshavebeenfullyrecalculatedforthewholeseriesonthebasisofthefiguresprovidedsince2012(i.e.onlyadultinmates).

Serbia 7775 104.3 8553 115.2 8978 121.4 9510 129.1 10262 139.9 11197 153.2 10955 150.6 11070 153.4 10031 139.7 10288 144.0 10064 141.5 10672 150.8 30.9 6.6

SlovakRepublic 9289 172.5 8657 160.6 8235 152.7 8313 153.9 9170 169.4 10068 185.6 10713 198.7 11075 204.9 10152 187.6 10179 187.9 10087 186.1 10181 187.6 16.8 0.8

Slovenia 1132 56.7 1301 64.9 1336 66.5 1318 65.6 1365 67.2 1351 66.0 1273 62.1 1377 67.0 1360 66.1 1522 73.8 1399 67.8 1308 63.4 -2.4 -6.6

Spain(total) 61269 138.9 64120 143.4 66467 147.0 71778 155.5 78342 167.6 75859 161.3 71995 156.0 69621 148.7 68099 145.7 65931 141.7 64017 137.8 60687 130.7 -8.9 -5.2

Spain(St.Adm.) 57072 150.2 61939 159.7 67986 173.1 65098 164.8 61279 158.3 59410 149.7 58089 148.0 56391 144.2 55085 141.1 52009 133.2 NA -5.5

Spain(Catalonia) 9395 130.3 9839 133.6 10356 138.5 10761 143.2 10716 144.1 10211 134.9 10010 133.8 9540 128.6 8932 120.8 8678 117.1 NA -3.0

Sweden 7054 78.3 7175 79.3 6770 74.3 6853 74.6 7147 77.2 6922 74.1 6742 71.6 6431 67.8 5868 61.4 5861 60.8 5770 59.2 5762 58.5 -26.2 -1.2

Switzerland 6111 82.4 5888 78.9 5715 76.1 5780 76.1 6084 79.0 6181 79.4 6065 77.1 6599 83.0 7072 88.0 6923 85.1 6884 83.6 6912 83.0 5.2 -0.7

FYROMacedonia 2132 104.8 2038 100.0 2050 100.4 2235 109.3 2461 120.1 2516 122.6 2515 122.2 2543 123.5 2846 138.0 3116 150.8 3498 169.1 3349 161.7 61.7 -4.4

Turkey 54296 75.8 67795 93.5 85865 123.2 99416 140.8 115540 161.6 120391 165.9 126725 171.9 120275 161.0 136147 180.0 151451 197.5 173522 223.3 192627 244.6 161.7 9.5

Ukraine 179519 381.1 165408 353.8 154055 331.5 148339 321.1 146394 318.5 152169 332.4 158532 347.7 151122 332.5 92290 204.0

UK:E&W 76190 142.6 77982 145.1 79734 147.4 83194 152.8 83454 152.3 85002 153.9 85374 152.0 86048 152.1 83842 147.2 85509 149.6 86193 149.5 85134 146.4 0.9 -2.0

UK:NIR 1337 77.5 1502 86.2 1445 82.1 1523 85.8 1456 81.4 1475 82.0 1703 94.3 1779 97.6 1822 99.6 1860 101.2 1690 91.5 1500 80.7 -6.4 -11.8

UK:SCO 6795 133.4 7192 140.6 7453 144.9 8088 156.5 8113 156.2 7890 151.1 8267 157.3 8145 153.3 7928 148.8 7879 147.6 7746 144.6 7657 142.4 1.3 -1.5



TABLE1.6:YEAR-TO-YEARPERCENTAGECHANGEOFPRISONPOPULATIONRATESBETWEEN2015AND2016


FYROMacedonia -4.4 Latvia -4.0 Austria -3.6 Estonia -3.6 Ireland -3.5 Netherlands -3.5 Spain(Catalonia) -3.0 Portugal -2.8 Romania -2.5 UK:EnglandandWales -2.0 Montenegro -1.7 UK:Scotland -1.5 BH:RepublikaSrpska -1.2 Sweden -1.2 Albania -1.0 Switzerland -0.7 SanMarino -0.7 Germany 0.0 Greece 0.4 SlovakRepublic 0.8 Iceland -15.9 Armenia 0.9 UK:NorthernIreland -11.8 Poland 1.1 Lithuania -11.1 Moldova 1.3 Belgium -10.1 Cyprus 2.0 Andorra -9.9 Hungary 2.5 Georgia -6.7Denmark 5.5 Finland 3.1 Slovenia -6.6Serbia(Republicof) 6.6 Luxembourg 3.3 Azerbaijan -6.3CzechRepublic 7.6 Italy 3.7 Croatia -6.2Turkey 9.5 France 4.1 Spain(StateAdm.) -5.5Bulgaria 10.8 Norway 4.2 Spain(total) -5.2Increaseofmorethan5% Between-5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%

NOTES–TABLES1.5AND1.6

Tables 1.5 and 1.6 are based on non-adjusted figures in order to ensure comparabilitywith data frompreviousyears.Inordertoincreaseaccuracy,thepercentagesshownininTable1.6werecalculatedonthebasisoftherawdataprovidedbythecountries.

InTable1.5,previousrateswererecalculated.Therecalculationtookintoaccount:

(a) Modificationstopreviousfiguresprovidedbythecountries,and

(b) Updatestothenationaldemographicdata(totalpopulation)foreachyearmadebyEurostat.

Indeed,whenproducingannualSPACEreports,sometimesonlyestimatesofthedemographicalsituationineachcountryareavailable.Thismethodologicallimitationledtosomedistortionsforcountrieswherethecalculationsarebasedonestimatesorprovisionaldata.Inthatcontext,thefirstSPACEreportsuseddata fromtheCouncilofEuropedemographicreports,whichareno longerproduced.Consequently,welater revised the results forall these countriesand increased the comparabilitybyusing the samedatasourcefordemographicaldatainalmostallCoEMemberStates.

Currently, the main source for national population data is the Eurostat database, which is updatedconstantlyandincludesfiguresforsomeofnon-EUcountriesaswell.Thus,inordertoreduceasmuchas



possibletheeffectsofdifferentestimationproceduresandtousethelatestavailabledata,themajorityoftherecalculatedrateswerebasedontheEurostatfiguresofnationalpopulations.

FiguresretrievedfromtheEurostatdatabaserelateto1stJanuaryofeachreferenceyear.However,thelackofinformationforsomecountriesornationalentitiesrequiredtheuseofdatafromothersources(formoredetails,seeChapterDemographicData).

InTable1.6,percentagesforthetwoPrisonAdministrationsofSpain(StateAdministrationandCatalonia)were calculated separately. Though,we included the national total trend aswell. This indicator for thewholecountryispresentedundertheheading“Spain(total)”.

Forcountrieswhosetotalnumberofinmatesislowerthan50,theincreaseordecreasepercentagesarepresented between brackets (Andorra, Monaco, and San Marino).The figure for San Marino is largelyinfluencedbytheverysmalltotalnumberofinmatesheldinthecountry(usuallylessthan10persons).Therefore,thesevariationsinthiscountryareoftenextreme.

BULGARIA

(1) Since2004,allBulgarianinputsincludedpersonsheldintheInvestigativeDetentionFacilities[IDF].Thecorrectedseriesfortheperiodlastingfrom2005until2012arethefollowing:

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

PPR 158.3 PPR 143.7 PPR 140.3 PPR 131.8 PPR 138.4 PPR 151.1 PPR 145.5

Total 12218 Total 11032 Total 10723 Total 10028 Total 10470 Total 11137 Total 10663

IDF 1160 IDF 761 IDF 1315 IDF 1022 IDF 1091 IDF 1252 IDF 1170

Prisons 11058 Prisons 10271 Prisons 9408 Prisons 9006 Prisons 9379 Prisons 9885 Prisons 9493

ü In2013,theaccuratefiguresfromIDFaremissing.Thislackofreliableinformationpushedtheauthors of this report to review thewhole series since 2004 until 2013 (seeTable 1.5) andrecalculatetheprisonpopulationratesonlyforprisons.

CYPRUS

ü ForthecalculationsinTable1.5weuseddataincludingdetaineesheldinpolicestations.Yet,thisinformationhasprobablynotbeenprovidedfor2004.Since2005,theinformationonthedistributionbycategoriesofprisonersindifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions(policestationsandprisoninstitution)isavailable.

ü ForthecalculationsinTable1.6weusedthetotalnumberofprisonersincludingthoseheldinpolicestations.Thetotalnumberofprisonersin2014was681andin2015itwas654inmatesrespectively.Thus,thedecreaseobservedinTable1.6isaccurate.

FRANCE

ü Table1.5: Since2008, figureson the totalnumberof inmates includeallpersonsunder theresponsibility of the PenalAdministrations (“écroués”). As in 2015 the figures only includesinmateswhoareeffectivelyheldinprisons(écrouésdétenus),theserieshavebeencorrectedfortheperiodlastingfrom2008until2014.Thecorrectedseriesfortheperiodarethefollowing:2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

PPR 98.6 PPR 96.1 PPR 94.5 PPR 98.8 PPR 102.2 PPR 102.6 PPR 101.6 PPR 101.6

Total 63185 Total 61781 Total 61142 Total 64147 Total 66704 Total 67310 Total 66869 Total 66869

a. Therefore,for2015pointsc)andd)werecalculatedtakingintoaccountthecorrectedfigurespresentedbelow

b. Table1.6:Theyear-to-yearpercentage changeofprisonpopulation ratebetween2014and2015wascalculatedtakingintoaccountthe2014correctedfiguresshownbelow.



GEORGIA

Note: The increase in thePrisonPopulationRate is due toadecreaseof thepopulationof the country,accordingtothenationalcensusconductedin2014.Thenumberofinmatesremainedrelativelystable.GERMANY

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

ITALY

ü Italian data until 2003 included juveniles in the total prison population. Since 2004 thesecategoriesofinmatesarenolongercounted

THENETHERLANDS

ü All the figures for the Netherlands have been recalculated by excluding the data on all theavailablecategoriesfor:

ü Juvenileoffendersinfacilitiesforjuvenileoffendersü Personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderhospitalorders,andü Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

ü The only additional category included as being managed by Prison Administration is thecategoryofpeopleunderElectronicMonitoring.

ü Thus, the categories currently included correspond to adult inmates held in regular penalinstitutionsaswellaspersonsunderElectronicMonitoring.

SPAIN

ü Table1.5:Inordertoensuretheaccuracyofthecomparisonswiththepreviousyears’data,weaddedCataloniandatainthetotalnumberofprisoners(Spaintotal=StateAdministration+Catalonia),andwerecalculatedthewholeprisonpopulationrateforthecountry.

ü Table1.6:ThetrendsforStateAdministrationandforCataloniaarepresentedseparately.



TABLE2:AGEANDCRIMINALRESPONSIBILITY

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2016.2

CountryAgeofcriminalresponsibility

Minimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures

Ageofcriminalmajority

Albania 14 14 18Andorra 14 14 18Armenia 14 14 18Austria 14 14 18Azerbaijan 14 14 18Belgium NAP 14 18BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 14 14 18Bulgaria 14 14 18Croatia 14 14 18/21Cyprus 14 14 16CzechRep. 15 15 18Denmark 15 15 18Estonia 14 14 18Finland 15 15 18/21France 13 16 18Georgia 14 14 18Germany 14 14 21Greece 15 15 18Hungary 14 14 18/21Iceland 15 15 18Ireland 12 12 18Italy 14 14 18Latvia 14 14 18Liechtenstein 14 14 14Lithuania 14 14 18Luxembourg 16 16 18Malta 14 14 18Moldova 14 14 18Monaco 13 13 18Montenegro 14 16 18Netherlands 12 12 18Norway 15 15 18Poland 13 15 17Portugal 16 NAP 21Romania 16 14 18RussianFed. 14 14 18SanMarino 14 14 18Serbia 14 14 18SlovakRep. 14 14 18Slovenia 14 16 18/21Spain(total) 14 14 18Spain(StateAdm.) 14 14 18Spain(Catalonia) 14 14 18Sweden 15 18 18Switzerland 10 15 18theFYROMacedonia 14 16 18Turkey 12 12 18Ukraine 14 16 18UK:Engl.&Wales 10 15 18UK:North.Ireland 10 10 18UK:Scotland 8/12 16 18/21



TABLE2.1.:MINORSANDPERSONSAGED18ANDOVERON1STSEPTEMBER2016


Country

Totalnumberofinmates(incl.pre-trial

detainees)

Custodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Educationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18and

over

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18and

over

Albania 5910 Yes 64 *** NAP *** ***Andorra 47 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Armenia 3907 Yes 8 NA NAP *** ***Austria 8824 Yes 149 *** No *** ***Azerbaijan 22938 Yes 80 0 No *** ***Belgium 11615 No *** *** No *** ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 863 Yes 10 7 NAP *** ***Bulgaria 8347 No 22 12 No *** ***Croatia 3108 Yes 45 0 No *** ***Cyprus 668 Yes 19 17 NAP *** ***CzechRep. 22481 Yes 85 52 NAP *** ***Denmark 3408 No *** *** NAP *** ***Estonia 2670 Yes 78 60 NAP *** ***Finland 3110 NAP *** *** No *** ***France 68514 Yes 724 13 No *** ***Georgia 9534 Yes 20 3 NAP *** ***Germany 64397 Yes 5535 4728 No *** ***Greece 9621 Yes 189 178 NAP *** ***Hungary 18171 Yes 818 0 No *** ***Iceland 124 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Ireland 3688 Yes 9 *** NAP *** ***Italy 54195 No *** *** NAP *** ***Latvia 4186 Yes 36 8 No *** ***Liechtenstein Lithuania 7051 Yes 112 44 No *** ***Luxembourg 705 Yes 3 1 No *** ***Malta 556 Yes 12 10 NAP *** ***Moldova 7911 Yes 26 7 No *** ***Monaco 32 Yes 3 *** NAP *** ***Montenegro 1081 Yes 0 *** No *** ***Netherlands 8726 No *** *** No *** ***Norway 3851 Yes 8 0 NAP *** ***Poland 71528 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Portugal 13779 Yes 183 178 NAP *** ***Romania 27765 Yes 519 348 Yes 314 161RussianFed. SanMarino 2 Yes 0 2 NAP *** ***Serbia 10672 Yes 19 15 Yes 199 118SlovakRep. 10181 Yes 46 *** No *** ***Slovenia 1308 Yes 2 2 Yes 19 11Spain(total) 60687 No *** *** No *** ***Spain(St.Adm.) 52009 No *** *** No *** ***Spain(Catalonia) 8678 No *** *** No *** ***Sweden 5762 No *** *** No *** ***Switzerland 6912 Yes 181 9 Yes 34 9FYROMacedonia 3349 Yes 34 33 No *** ***Turkey 192627 Yes 1086 66 Yes 142 23Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 85134 Yes 635 *** NAP *** ***UK:North.Ireland 1500 Yes 22 0 Yes 22 0UK:Scotland 7657 Yes 505 434 No *** ***



TABLE2.2:MINORSAMONGINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2016


CountryNumberoffemalesagedlessthan18

Numberoffemaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

%ofminorsamongfemaleinmates

Numberofmalesagedlessthan

18

Numberofmaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

%ofminorsamongmaleinmates

Albania 0 114 0.0 64 5796 1.1Andorra 0 6 0.0 0 41 0.0Armenia 0 158 0.0 8 3749 0.2Austria 10 483 2.1 139 8341 1.7Azerbaijan 0 718 0.0 80 22220 0.4Belgium 0 503 0.0 4 11112 0.0BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0 20 0.0 17 843 2.0Bulgaria 0 258 0.0 22 8089 0.3Croatia 5 123 4.1 16 2985 0.5Cyprus 0 54 0.0 2 614 0.3CzechRep. 4 1643 0.2 29 20838 0.1Denmark 0 149 0.0 16 3259 0.5Estonia 0 147 0.0 18 2523 0.7Finland 1 232 0.4 4 2878 0.1France 30 2290 1.3 694 66224 1.0Georgia 0 267 0.0 20 9267 0.2Germany 70 3769 1.9 737 60628 1.2Greece 0 513 0.0 11 9108 0.1Hungary 13 1341 1.0 58 16830 0.3Iceland 0 8 0.0 0 116 0.0Ireland 0 145 0.0 9 3543 0.3Italy NA 2293 NA NA 51902 NALatvia 1 350 0.3 35 3836 0.9Liechtenstein Lithuania 2 323 0.6 67 6728 1.0Luxembourg 0 43 0.0 6 662 0.9Malta NA 46 NA 2 510 0.4Moldova 2 502 0.4 19 7409 0.3Monaco 3 6 50.0 0 26 0.0Montenegro 0 34 0.0 1 1047 0.1Netherlands 0 464 0.0 0 8262 0.0Norway 1 223 0.4 6 3628 0.2Poland 0 2581 0.0 39 68947 0.1Portugal 0 869 0.0 11 12910 0.1Romania 18 1395 1.3 358 26370 1.4RussianFed. SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 2 0.0Serbia 5 413 1.2 100 10259 1.0SlovakRep. 1 692 0.1 57 9489 0.6Slovenia 1 104 1.0 7 1204 0.6Spain(total) NAP 4639 *** NAP 56049 ***Spain(StateAdm.) NAP 4031 *** NAP 47979 ***Spain(Catalonia) NAP 608 *** NAP 8070 ***Sweden 1 348 0.3 15 5414 0.3Switzerland 0 384 0.0 19 6528 0.3theFYROMacedonia 0 100 0.0 2 3249 0.1Turkey 78 7375 1.1 2402 182772 1.3Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 0 3862 0.0 635 81272 0.8UK:North.Ireland 1 54 1.9 21 1446 1.5UK:Scotland 1 395 0.3 70 7262 1.0Average 1.6 0.5

Median 0.0 0.3

Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 50.0 2.0



NOTES–TABLES2,2.1AND2.2.

AUSTRIAü Thereare5childrenamongthe139maledetaineesagedlessthan18yearsold.

CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.CYPRUS

ü Thereisnoexpressdefinitionoftheterms'adult'and'juvenile'.UndertheJuvenileOffenders'Law(Ch.157),theJuvenileCourthearschargesagainst'children'or'youngpersons'.Thislawdefines'child'asapersonundertheageof14and'youngperson'asapersonwhois14yearsofageorolderandundertheageof16years.Thereforeajuvenileisapersonfallingwithintheabovedefinitionof'child'or'youngperson'.AccordingtotheCriminalCode,(Ch.154)“apersonunder theageof14 isnot criminally responsible for anyactoromission” (AmendmentLaw18(I)/2006).

ü The datawas provided by the Prison Department, therefore, concerns only inmates held inprisonfacilities(inmatesheldinpolicestationsareexcluded).

GEORGIAü Figuresof31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

HUNGARY

ü AccordingtolegalregulationsinHungarytheageofcriminalresponsibilitycanbe12yearsofageinspecialcases.Forthosewhoareover12yearsofagebuthavenotreached14yearsofage,themostseveresanctioncanbe1-4yearsinspecialeducativeinstitutions.Asabasicruletheageofcriminalmajorityis18,althoughinspecialcasesincanbe21.

LATVIAü Figureson1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

LITHUANIAü Figureson1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

NORWAYü TherearenojuvenilecourtsinNorway,noristherespeciallegislationforyoungoffendersover

theageof15.TheGeneralPenalCodemakeshoweversomespecialprovisionsforthosebetweentheageof15and18.

POLAND

ü Figuresareof31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016PORTUGAL

ü Figuresareon31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Personsagedfrom16tolessthan21yearsareyoungadultsandaretriedunderaspeciallaw

whichisspecifictothem.SERBIA(REPUBLICOF)

ü AccordingtothePenalCode,apersonwhoatthetimeofcommittingthecriminaloffence,hasnotreached14yearsold,isnotcriminallyresponsible,exceptforsexualabuse,whichis15yearsold., Juvenile younger than 15 years old,who at the time of committing the offense has notreachedsuchlevelofintellectualandmoralmaturity,torecognizehis/herunlawfulnessortocontrolhis/heractions,isnotcriminallyresponsibleforthiscriminaloffence.

ü Apersonwho, at the timeof committing theoffense, has reached the ageof 14 andhasnotreachedtheageof18,shallbeconsiderajuvenile.CriminalratesoftheprisonsentenceprovidedinthePenalCodearereducedbyahalfforjuveniles.Theupperlimitofthereducedcriminalratemaynotexceed7yearsandthelowerlimitofthereducedcriminalrate2years.Themitigatingcircumstancewhichistakenintoaccountwhendeterminingthetypeofsentenceanditslength(iftheratioofmitigatingcircumstancesprevails,theupperlimitofthestatutorycriminalrateisreducedbyonethird)issituationwhentheoffendercommitsacriminaloffenseattheageclosetotheageofjuveniles(from18to21yearsold).



SWEDEN

ü Figuresareon1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Areincludedonlysentencedprisoners.

UK:ENGLAND&WALES

ü FiguresweretakenfromTableA1.1.OffenderManagementstatisticsquarterly:JanuarytoMarch2016.

UK:SCOTLANDü TheageoflegalresponsibilityinScotlandis8.However,childrenbetween8and12cannotbe

prosecutedincriminalcourtsbutmustbereferredtothechildren'shearingsystem.Childrenaged12ormorecanbeprosecuted in the criminal courts forparticularly serious cases.Themajority of young persons under the age of 16who commit crimes are currently dealtwiththroughthechildren'shearingssystemratherthanthecriminalcourts.Thehearingssystemalsodealswith some young people aged 16 and17.Offenders aged 18 and above are dealtwiththrough the adult criminal justice system, but prisoners under 21 are held in separateaccommodation.Youngpeopleunder16maybeheldinsecureresidentialaccommodationonoffencegroundsbutarenotincludedinthesefigures.

ü Thereare71inmateswhoareunder18yearsold,376between18and20yearsold,and7116morethan21yearsold.Thesedatadonotincluderecalledlifeprisoners(92)andcivil/prisonersawaitingdeportation(2).

ü Moreinformationisavailableathttp://dera.ioe.ac.uk/10457/1/SB11-53.pdf

In Italy, Portugal, and Spain juvenile offenders are managed by other authorities than the PrisonAdministration.InCyprus,Norway,andSweden,thedefinitionofjuvenileoffenderandthespecialregimeappliedtothiscategoryofoffendershavesomeparticularitieswhichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhendoingcross-sectionalcomparisons(seepreviousnotes).



ForSwedentheaverageandthemedianagesarecalculatedonlyforsentencedprisoners.

Finally, average and median values for Cyprusarebasedonpopulationheldinprison(withoutpersonsheldinpolicestations).

FIGURE2:COUNTRIESWITHTHEYOUNGEST(LESSTHAN34YEARS)PRISONPOPULATIONCLASSIFIEDBYDECREASING

MEDIANAGE

TABLE2.3:AVERAGEANDMEDIANAGESOFTHEPRISONPOPULATIONON1ST

SEPTEMBER2016


CountryAverageageoftheprisonpop.

Medianageoftheprisonpop.

Albania 34 29Andorra 39.36 37Armenia NA NAAustria 35.7 33Azerbaijan 35 NABelgium 38 36BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 40.02 44Bulgaria NA 51Croatia 37 36.79Cyprus 39 37CzechRep. 36 32.5Denmark 34 31Estonia 37.25 36Finland 37.6 35.6France 34 32Georgia 35.85 32Germany NA NAGreece NA NAHungary 37.3 36Iceland 35.9 34Ireland 35 33Italy 40 39Latvia 36 46Liechtenstein Lithuania 35 32Luxembourg 35.16 34Malta 45 44Moldova 36 40Monaco 40 37Montenegro 34 34Netherlands 36.9 35Norway 37 35Poland 36.77 35Portugal 39.7 37Romania 35 34RussianFed. SanMarino 42 42Serbia 37.05 35SlovakRep. NA NASlovenia NA NASpain(total) 40 39Spain(StateAdm.) NA NASpain(Catalonia) 38.4 37Sweden 37 35Switzerland NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 33.16 39Turkey 35 51Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 35.8 33UK:North.Ireland 35.81 32.8UK:Scotland NA NAAverage 36.9 36.3

Median 36.4 35.0

Minimum 33.2 29.0

Maximum 45.0 51.0

29

31

32

32

32

33

33

33

33

33

26 28 30 32 34

Albania

Denmark

France

Georgia

Lithuania

CzechRepublic

UK:NorthernIreland

Austria

Ireland

UK:EnglandandWales



TABLE3.A:FEMALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2016

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2016.3.A

Country

Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)

Numberof

femaleinmates

%offemalesinthetotal

numberof

inmates

Numberof

foreignfemales

%offoreignfemalesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberoffemalepre-trialdetainees

%ofpre-trialfemale

detaineesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberof

femalesagedless

than18

%offemalesaged<18inthenumberoffemaleinmates

Areinmatesforwhom

thenationality

isunknownconsidered

(andcounted)asforeigninmates?

Albania 5910 114 1.9 4 3.5 59 51.8 0 0.0 NoAndorra 47 6 12.8 4 66.7 3 50.0 0 0.0 NoArmenia 3907 158 4.0 11 7.0 41 25.9 0 0.0 YesAustria 8824 483 5.5 178 36.9 85 17.6 10 2.1 NoAzerbaijan 22938 718 3.1 18 2.5 179 24.9 0 0.0 NoBelgium 11615 503 4.3 144 28.6 175 34.8 0 0.0 NoBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 863 20 2.3 1 5.0 6 30.0 0 0.0 YesBulgaria 8347 258 3.1 5 1.9 21 8.1 0 0.0 NoCroatia 3108 123 4.0 8 6.5 27 22.0 5 4.1 YesCyprus 668 54 8.1 34 63.0 24 44.4 0 0.0 YesCzechRep. 22481 1643 7.3 103 6.3 155 9.4 4 0.2 YesDenmark 3408 149 4.4 46 30.9 58 38.9 0 0.0 YesEstonia 2670 147 5.5 17 11.6 41 27.9 0 0.0 NoFinland 3110 232 7.5 29 12.5 45 19.4 1 0.4 YesFrance 68514 2290 3.3 636 27.8 840 36.7 30 1.3 YesGeorgia 9534 267 2.8 34 12.7 30 11.2 0 0.0 NoGermany 64397 3769 5.9 NA NA 738 19.6 70 1.9 NoGreece 9621 513 5.3 191 37.2 179 34.9 0 0.0 YesHungary 18171 1341 7.4 52 3.9 337 25.1 13 1.0 YesIceland 124 8 6.5 6 75.0 2 25.0 0 0.0 NAPIreland 3688 145 3.9 29 20.0 36 24.8 0 0.0 NoItaly 54195 2293 4.2 870 37.9 775 33.8 NA NA YesLatvia 4186 350 8.4 19 5.4 78 22.3 1 0.3 NoLiechtenstein Lithuania 7051 323 4.6 5 1.5 47 14.6 2 0.6 NoLuxembourg 705 43 6.1 26 60.5 18 41.9 0 0.0 YesMalta 556 46 8.3 21 45.7 15 32.6 NA NA NoMoldova 7911 502 6.3 6 1.2 118 23.5 2 0.4 NoMonaco 32 6 18.8 6 100.0 6 100.0 3 50.0 YesMontenegro 1081 34 3.1 14 41.2 8 23.5 0 0.0 NoNetherlands 8726 464 5.3 102 22.0 186 40.1 0 0.0 YesNorway 3851 223 5.8 63 28.3 54 24.2 1 0.4 YesPoland 71528 2581 3.6 35 1.4 237 9.2 0 0.0 YesPortugal 13779 869 6.3 206 23.7 200 23.0 0 0.0 NoRomania 27765 1395 5.0 10 0.7 109 7.8 18 1.3 NoRussianFed. SanMarino 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesSerbia 10672 413 3.9 17 4.1 77 18.6 5 1.2 YesSlovakRep. 10181 692 6.8 14 2.0 79 11.4 1 0.1 YesSlovenia 1308 104 8.0 4 3.8 15 14.4 1 1.0 YesSpain(total) 60687 4639 7.6 1308 28.2 665 14.3 NAP NAP YesSpain(StateAdm.) 52009 4031 7.8 1069 26.5 555 13.8 NAP NAP YesSpain(Catalonia) 8678 608 7.0 239 39.3 110 18.1 NAP NAP YesSweden 5762 348 6.0 NA NA 78 22.4 1 0.3 NoSwitzerland 6912 384 5.6 NA NA 116 30.2 0 0.0 YestheFYROMacedonia 3349 100 3.0 10 10.0 4 4.0 0 0.0 NoTurkey 192627 7375 3.8 388 5.3 2425 32.9 78 1.1 YesUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 85134 3862 4.5 420 10.9 524 13.6 0 0.0 NoUK:North.Ireland 1500 54 3.6 4 7.4 18 33.3 1 1.9 YesUK:Scotland 7657 395 5.2 8 2.0 108 27.3 1 0.3 NAAverage 5.5 21.4 25.9 1.6 Median 5.3 11.2 24.2 0.0 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 18.8 100.0 100.0 50.0



NOTES–TABLE3.A.

BULGARIAü Dataforpre-detentioncentrearenotincluded.

CROATIAü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

SWEDENü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Pre-trialfemaleinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates.Whentheyare

included,thefigureis71.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Datarelateto30thJune2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü FiguresforTable3BaretakenfromTableA1.9(QuarterlyTable)OffenderManagementStatistics

Quarterly(January-March2016).



TABLE3.B:MALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2016

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2016.3.B

Country


Numberofmaleinmates

%ofmaleinthetotalnumber

ofinmates

Numberof

foreignmales

%offoreignmalesinthe

numberofmale

inmates

Numberofmalepre-trial

detainees

%ofpre-trialmaledetaineesinthe

numberofmale

inmates

Numberof

malesagedless

than18

%ofmales

aged<18inthe

numberofmale

inmates

Areinmatesforwhomthenationalityisunknownconsidered


Albania 5910 5796 98.1 85 1.5 2861 49.4 64 1.1 NoAndorra 47 41 87.2 33 80.5 23 56.1 0 0.0 NoArmenia 3907 3749 96.0 143 3.8 1211 32.3 8 0.2 YesAustria 8824 8341 94.5 4657 55.8 1683 20.2 139 1.7 NoAzerbaijan 22938 22220 96.9 508 2.3 4552 20.5 80 0.4 NoBelgium 11615 11112 95.7 4582 41.2 3220 29.0 4 0.0 NoBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 863 843 97.7 16 1.9 111 13.2 17 2.0 YesBulgaria 8347 8089 96.9 191 2.4 881 10.9 22 0.3 NoCroatia 3108 2985 96.0 183 6.1 743 24.9 16 0.5 YesCyprus 668 614 91.9 243 39.6 174 28.3 2 0.3 YesCzechRep. 22481 20838 92.7 1702 8.2 1752 8.4 29 0.1 YesDenmark 3408 3259 95.6 908 27.9 1144 35.1 16 0.5 YesEstonia 2670 2523 94.5 187 7.4 403 16.0 18 0.7 NoFinland 3110 2878 92.5 514 17.9 502 17.4 4 0.1 YesFrance 68514 66224 96.7 14088 21.3 18775 28.4 694 1.0 YesGeorgia 9534 9267 97.2 299 3.2 1082 11.7 20 0.2 NoGermany 64397 60628 94.1 NA NA 12651 20.9 737 1.2 NoGreece 9621 9108 94.7 NA NA NA NA 11 0.1 YesHungary 18171 16830 92.6 848 5.0 3727 22.1 58 0.3 YesIceland 124 116 93.5 15 12.9 13 11.2 0 0.0 NAPIreland 3688 3543 96.1 440 12.4 533 15.0 9 0.3 NoItaly 54195 51902 95.8 17441 33.6 17974 34.6 NA NA YesLatvia 4186 3836 91.6 143 3.7 1273 33.2 35 0.9 NoLiechtenstein Lithuania 7051 6728 95.4 102 1.5 505 7.5 67 1.0 NoLuxembourg 705 662 93.9 495 74.8 264 39.9 6 0.9 YesMalta 556 510 91.7 211 41.4 118 23.1 2 0.4 NoMoldova 7911 7409 93.7 83 1.1 1131 15.3 19 0.3 NoMonaco 32 26 81.3 24 92.3 13 50.0 0 0.0 YesMontenegro 1081 1047 96.9 189 18.1 295 28.2 1 0.1 NoNetherlands 8726 8262 94.7 1488 18.0 3618 43.8 0 0.0 YesNorway 3851 3628 94.2 1243 34.3 929 25.6 6 0.2 YesPoland 71528 68947 96.4 627 0.9 5159 7.5 39 0.1 YesPortugal 13779 12910 93.7 2089 16.2 1917 14.8 11 0.1 NoRomania 27765 26370 95.0 284 1.1 2170 8.2 358 1.4 NoRussianFed. SanMarino 2 2 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesSerbia 10672 10259 96.1 345 3.4 1655 16.1 100 1.0 YesSlovakRep. 10181 9489 93.2 215 2.3 1385 14.6 57 0.6 YesSlovenia 1308 1204 92.0 114 9.5 188 15.6 7 0.6 YesSpain(total) 60687 56048 92.4 16016 28.6 7257 12.9 NAP *** YesSpain(StateAdm.) 52009 47978 92.2 12485 26.0 6143 12.8 NAP *** YesSpain(Catalonia) 8678 8070 93.0 3531 43.8 1114 13.8 NAP *** YesSweden 5762 5414 94.0 NA NA 1453 26.8 15 0.3 NoSwitzerland 6912 6528 94.4 NA NA 1629 25.0 19 0.3 YestheFYROMacedonia 3349 3249 97.0 172 5.3 233 7.2 2 0.1 NoTurkey 192627 182772 94.9 3805 2.1 52558 28.8 2402 1.3 YesUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 85134 81272 95.5 9471 11.7 8764 10.8 635 0.8 NoUK:North.Ireland 1500 1446 96.4 132 9.1 388 26.8 21 1.5 YesUK:Scotland 7657 7262 94.8 287 4.0 1275 17.6 70 1.0 NAAverage 94.4 18.0 22.5 0.5 Median 94.7 8.2 20.7 0.3 Minimum 81.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 100.0 92.3 56.1 2.0



NOTES–TABLE3.B



CYPRUSü Figurespresentedarebasedonthetotalnumberofinmatesheldinprison(forinmatesheldin

policestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).ü IfaprisonerhasboththeCypriotcitizenshipandthecitizenshipofanothercountrythens/heis

recordedasCypriot(nationalinmate).FRANCE

ü The total number of inmates does not match the total number of pre-trial detainees andprisonersbecausefiguresaretakenfromtwodifferentsources.

GEORGIAü Datarelatesto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

GERMANYü Datarelatesto31stMarch2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.


POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.


SWEDENü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Pre-trialmale inmatesare not included in the total number ofmale inmates.When they are

included,thefigureis1203.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Datarelateto30thJune2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü FiguresforTable3BaretakenfromTableA1.9(QuarterlyTable)OffenderManagementStatistics

Quarterly(January-March2016).



TABLE4:FOREIGNINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2016


Country


Totalnumber

offoreigninmates

Adjustedtotalof

foreigners(includingunknown)

%offoreignersinthetotal

numberof

inmates

Adjusted%of

foreigners(incl.

unknown)inthetotal

numberof

inmates

Numberofforeignpre-trialdetainees

%offoreignpre-trialdetaineesinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberof

inmatescitizens

ofMemberStatesofthe

EuropeanUnion

%oftheEUcitizensinthenumber

offoreigninmates

Numberof

inmateswithlegal

residentstatus

%offoreignwithlegal

residentstatusinthenumber

offoreigninmates

Numberofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%offoreignminorsinthenumber

offoreigninmates

Numberofdetaineesforwhich

thenationality

isunknown

%ofdetaineesforwhich

thenationality

isunknownintotalprison

population

Areinmatesforwhom

thenationality

isunknownconsidered


Albania 5910 89 89 1.5 1.5 46 51.7 8 9.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 NoAndorra 47 37 37 78.7 78.7 37 100.0 28 75.7 25 67.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 NoArmenia 3907 154 NA 3.9 NA 73 47.4 16 10.4 NA NA 0 0.0 NA NA YesAustria 8824 4758 4835 53.9 54.8 1277 26.8 1839 38.7 NA NA 100 2.1 77 0.9 NoAzerbaijan 22938 526 553 2.3 2.4 134 25.5 3 0.6 NA NA 0 0.0 27 0.1 NoBelgium 11615 4726 4805 40.7 41.4 1809 38.3 NA NA 1627 34.4 4 0.1 79 0.7 NoBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 863 17 17 2.0 2.0 3 17.6 2 11.8 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesBulgaria 8347 264 NA 3.2 NA 68 25.8 NA NA NA NA 0 0.0 NA NA NoCroatia 3108 191 195 6.1 6.3 116 60.7 37 19.4 NA NA 0 0.0 4 0.1 YesCyprus 668 277 277 41.5 41.5 114 41.2 143 51.6 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesCzechRep. 22481 1805 1807 8.0 8.0 535 29.6 863 47.8 NA NA 1 0.1 2 0.0 YesDenmark 3408 954 954 28.0 28.0 529 55.5 244 25.6 NA NA 7 0.7 0 0.0 YesEstonia 2670 204 1025 7.6 38.4 52 25.5 11 5.4 NA NA 1 0.5 821 30.7 NoFinland 3110 543 559 17.5 18.0 216 39.8 266 49.0 NA NA 1 0.2 16 0.5 YesFrance 68514 14724 14758 21.5 21.5 5120 34.8 NA NA NA NA 145 1.0 34 0.0 YesGeorgia 9534 333 337 3.5 3.5 80 24.0 8 2.4 NA NA 1 0.3 4 0.0 NoGermany 64397 22922 NA 35.6 NA 8308 36.2 8451 36.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NoGreece 9621 5306 5306 55.2 55.2 1632 30.8 928 17.5 NA NA NA NA 0 0.0 YesHungary 18171 900 905 5.0 5.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 NA 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.0 YesIceland 124 21 21 16.9 16.9 6 28.6 16 76.2 10 47.6 11 52.4 0 0.0 NAPIreland 3688 469 469 12.7 12.7 130 27.7 357 76.1 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 NoItaly 54195 18311 18326 33.8 33.8 7675 41.9 3661 20.0 NA NA NA NA 15 0.0 YesLatvia 4186 162 162 3.9 3.9 119 73.5 35 21.6 NA NA 1 0.6 0 0.0 NoLiechtenstein Lithuania 7051 107 107 1.5 1.5 38 35.5 28 26.2 14 13.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 NoLuxembourg 705 521 521 73.9 73.9 250 48.0 467 89.6 247 47.4 3 0.6 0 0.0 YesMalta 556 232 NA 41.7 NA 90 38.8 403 173.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NoMoldova 7911 89 89 1.1 1.1 NA NA 30 33.7 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 NoMonaco 32 30 31 93.8 96.9 19 63.3 26 86.7 1 3.3 6 20.0 1 3.1 YesMontenegro 1081 203 203 18.8 18.8 78 38.4 7 3.4 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 No



Country


Totalnumber

offoreigninmates

Adjustedtotalof

foreigners(includingunknown)

%offoreignersinthetotal

numberof

inmates

Adjusted%of

foreigners(incl.

unknown)inthetotal

numberof

inmates

Numberofforeignpre-trialdetainees

%offoreignpre-trialdetaineesinthenumberofforeigninmates

Numberof

inmatescitizens

ofMemberStatesofthe

EuropeanUnion

%oftheEUcitizensinthenumber

offoreigninmates

Numberof

inmateswithlegal

residentstatus

%offoreignwithlegal

residentstatusinthenumber

offoreigninmates

Numberofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%offoreignminorsinthenumber

offoreigninmates

Numberofdetaineesforwhich

thenationality

isunknown

%ofdetaineesforwhich

thenationality

isunknownintotalprison

population

Areinmatesforwhom

thenationality

isunknownconsidered


Netherlands 8726 1590 1832 18.2 21.0 803 50.5 653 41.1 NA NA 0 0.0 242 2.8 YesNorway 3851 1306 1306 33.9 33.9 562 43.0 642 49.2 NAP NAP 1 0.1 0 0.0 YesPoland 71528 662 674 0.9 0.9 288 43.5 207 31.3 NA NA 0 0.0 12 0.0 YesPortugal 13779 2295 2295 16.7 16.7 594 25.9 442 19.3 NA NA 4 0.2 0 0.0 NoRomania 27765 294 296 1.1 1.1 22 7.5 99 33.7 NA NA 1 0.3 2 0.0 NoRussianFed. SanMarino 2 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesSerbia 10672 362 368 3.4 3.4 169 46.7 48 13.3 40 11.0 2 0.6 6 0.1 YesSlovakRep. 10181 229 229 2.2 2.2 101 44.1 127 55.5 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesSlovenia 1308 118 118 9.0 9.0 49 41.5 32 27.1 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesSpain(total) 60687 17324 17333 28.5 28.6 3721 21.5 4124 23.8 NA NA NA NA 9 0.0 YesSpain(StateAdm.) 52009 13554 13563 26.1 26.1 2974 21.9 3496 25.8 NA NA NA NA 9 0.0 YesSpain(Catalonia) 8678 3770 3770 43.4 43.4 747 19.8 628 16.7 3766 99.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 YesSweden 5762 1228 1274 21.3 22.1 NA NA 435 35.4 NA NA NA NA 46 0.8 NoSwitzerland 6912 4974 4974 72.0 72.0 1348 27.1 NA NA 3426 68.9 19 0.4 0 0.0 YestheFYROMacedonia 3349 182 182 5.4 5.4 54 29.7 1 0.5 NA NA 0 0.0 0 0.0 NoTurkey 192627 4193 4201 2.2 2.2 1902 45.4 0 0.0 NA NA 2480 59.1 8 0.0 YesUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 85134 9891 10143 11.6 11.9 1709 17.3 4205 42.5 NA NA 77 0.8 252 0.3 NoUK:North.Ireland 1500 136 136 9.1 9.1 80 58.8 98 72.1 NA NA 1 0.7 0 0.0 YesUK:Scotland 7657 295 NA 3.9 NA NA NA 172 58.3 NA NA 3 1.0 NA NA NAAverage 21.2 22.5 37.0 35.8 35.8 3.5 1.0 Median 11.6 14.7 37.3 27.1 34.4 0.1 0.0 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 93.8 96.9 100.0 173.7 99.9 59.1 30.7



NOTESTABLE-4

Generalremark:ThequestionnaireSPACEI2016includedanitemonthenumberofforeigninmatesandasubsidiaryquestiononthenumberofthoseinmateswhowerecitizensoftheEuropeanUnion(EU).

Figuresonforeigninmatesweresometimesadjustedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesforwhomthenationalitywasunrecordedorunknown.Unlessotherwisestated,forcomparativeneedsweassumedthatallinmateswithunknownnationalitywerenon-nationals.



CYPRUSü Figurespresentedarebasedonthetotalnumberofinmatesheldinprison(forinmatesheldin

policestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).ü IfaprisonerhasboththeCypriotcitizenshipandthecitizenshipofanothercountrythens/heis

recordedasCypriot(nationalinmate).CZECHREPUBLIC

ü There isnospecialregisterof foreignerswithpermanentresidence, longtermresidenceandtemporaryresidence.Allforeignersareaskedabouttheirstatusbutaconsiderablenumberofthemdonothaveanydocuments.Thereare429foreigners(outof1805)whoseresidenceintheCzechRepublicwasprovedbydocuments.

ESTONIAü Thereisnoinformationaboutthenumberofforeigninmateswithlegalresidentstatus,because

we are not equitable owner of this information. The administrator of this database is theMinistryofInteriorofEstoniawhogivesusinformationaboutstatus,whenrequired.

FRANCEü The total number of inmates does not match the total number of pre-trial detainees and

prisonersbecausefiguresaretakenfromtwodifferentsources.GEORGIA

ü Datarelatesto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.GERMANY

ü Datarelatesto31stMarch2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.LATVIA

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.LITHUANIA

ü Datarelateto1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.POLAND

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.PORTUGAL

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.SWEDEN

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Pre-trialinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberinmates.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Datarelateto30thJune2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü FiguresaretakenfromTableA1.12i(summingthetotalsfortheEUstates)(QuarterlyTable)

OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2016).UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü NationalPrisonersincludebothUKandIrishcitizens.



TABLE5:LEGALSTATUSOFPRISONPOPULATIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2016(NUMBERS)

a) Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionhasbeenreachedyet);b) Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotyetreceivedasentenceyet;c) Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso;d) Detaineeswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhostartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance;e) Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence),ofwhich:

(e).1:Personsdetainedforfineconversionreasons(finedefaulters);(e).2:Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;

f) Othercases;g) Totalnumberofprisoners(includingpre-trialdetainees).


Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Ofwhich

(f) (g)(e).1 (e).2

Albania 1665 457 366 489 2933 33 131 0 5910Andorra 26 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 47Armenia NA NA NA NAP 2655 NA NA NA 3907Austria 1768 NAP NA NAP 6873 NA NA 183 8824Azerbaijan NAP NAP NA NAP 18207 NA NA 0 22938Belgium 2713 NAP 682 NAP 7315 0 NA 905 11615BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 13 97 3 4 746 0 0 0 863Bulgaria NA NA NA NA 6878 NA NA 567 8347Croatia NA NA NA NA 2253 NA NA 85 3108Cyprus 197 0 0 0 471 6 0 0 668CzechRep. 1907 NAP 20574 NA NA NAP 22481Denmark 964 238 NAP 2206 0 NA 0 3408Estonia 615 NAP NAP NAP 2226 NAP NAP NAP 2670Finland NA NA NA NA 2563 64 NA NAP 3110France 15360 NA 4034 NA 49091 NA NA 686 68514Georgia NA NA NA NA 8422 NA 59 NAP 9534Germany 13389 NA NAP NA NAP 4843 NA 1833 64397Greece 2833 NAP NAP NAP 6703 NA NA 85 9621Hungary 3339 NAP 725 NAP 13542 202 0 565 18171Iceland 11 NAP 4 NA 109 3 11 0 124Ireland 569 NAP NAP NAP 3109 7 NA 10 3688Italy 9418 NAP 9331 NAP 35147 NAP NA 299 54195Latvia 331 288 365 289 2913 0 NA 0 4186Liechtenstein Lithuania 552 552 NA NA 6177 NA NA 322 7051Luxembourg 282 282 NA NA 420 8 21 3 705Malta 133 NA NA NAP 423 12 NAP 0 556Moldova 1300 587 531 0 6611 121 194 0 7911Monaco 19 14 0 5 13 0 0 0 32Montenegro [307] [0] [0] [0] [774] 28 0 0 1081Netherlands 3804 2832 NA 972 4731 227 NA 191 8726Norway 983 983 0 NA 2778 76 NA 90 3851Poland 5396 0 0 0 65821 1430 NA 311 71528Portugal 2117 1592 NAP 525 11396 NA NA 266 13779Romania 2279 1596 683 NA 25486 NA NA NA 27765RussianFed. SanMarino 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2Serbia 1732 7980 NA NA 960 10672SlovakRep. NA NA NA NAP 8717 NAP NA 0 10181Slovenia 48 123 32 36 1086 NA NA 19 1308Spain(total) 7922 NA NA NAP 52765 NA NA 0 60687Spain(StateAdm.) 6698 NA NA NAP 45311 NA 50 0 52009Spain(Catalonia) 1224 NAP NA NAP 7454 123 NA 0 8678Sweden 1531 NA NA NA 4231 NA NA NAP 5762Switzerland NA NA NA 1032 [3737] 335 81 [398] 6912theFYROMacedonia 137 87 13 53 3059 6 53 0 3349Turkey 56766 14620 0 0 121241 0 0 0 192627Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 6278 3010 NA NAP 74316 102 6617 1530 85134UK:North.Ireland 406 NA 38 NAP 1049 5 199 7 1500UK:Scotland 1383 1122 261 NA NAP 9 NA 2 7657



NOTES–TABLE5

AUSTRIAü Thereare6057inmateswhoserveasentenceand1768personsheldinpre-trialdetention,

816inmatesareunderforensicpsychiatrictreatmentorsecuritymeasures.The183inmatesleftaredifferentkindsofimprisonmentsupportingotheradministrativeauthorities,provisionalarrestforforeigngovernmentsetc.

BULGARIAü Point(f):Includethedetaineeswhoareaccusedanddefendants.

CROATIA


ü Point(e):Includes45juvenilessubjecttoeducationalmeasuresincorrectionalinstitutions,5prisonersinjuvenileprison.

ü Point(f):Misdemeanourprisoners.CYPRUS

ü Figuresdonotincludethe58detaineesheldinpolicestations.FRANCE

ü The total number of inmates does not match the total number of pre-trial detainees andprisonersbecausefiguresaretakenfromtwodifferentsources.

GEORGIAü Datarelateto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

GERMANYü Datarelatesto31stMarch2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

HUNGARY

ü Point(f):Othercategoryincludes:inmatesunderforcedmedicaltreatmentandpeopleinshorttimecustody.

ICELAND

ü Point(d):Whenaprisonerreceivesafinalsentence,thedayshespentinremandaresubtractedfromthesentence.

IRELANDü Point(f):Underthissectionthereare5immigrationcasesand5extraditionscases.

ITALYü Point(f):Correspondsto“internees”.

LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Point(e.2): there isno informationavailablebecause theseprisonersaredonotconstitutea

separatecategoryinthestatistics,althoughtheyexistinourlegalsystem.MONTENEGROWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].LITHUANIA

ü Datarelateto1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Point (f): Following the provisions of the Penal Procedure Code, sentenced prisoners after

having submitted their written consent are able to start the service of their term ofimprisonmentbeforethehearingoftheircaseinorderofappeal.Thus,thesentencedprisonerswhohavesubmittedanappeal(262)aswellasprisonerswhosesentencedhascomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitution(60)areincludedintothegeneralnumberofprisonerswhosesentenceisinforceandtheyareservingit.



THENETHERLANDSü Point (c): In this category are includedpersons appealing their sentence.Theoneswhoare

sentencedbutwhohavenotappealedyet,butstillarewithinthestatutorylimittodoso,arepartofthepoint(a).Theycannotbemadevisibleasaseparatefigure.


PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Point(f):Inthispointareincluded144detaineeswhoareunder“securitymeasures”(mentally

illoffendersconsiderednon-criminallyliablebythecourt),ofwhich144areplacedinspecialpsychiatricinstitutionsorinpenitentiaryhospitals,and122innon-penitentiaryhospitals.

ROMANIAü Point(a):Preventivedetentionü Point(b):Sentencedatfirstinstance

SANMARINOü Point(b):Includedinpoint(a).ü Point(c):Includedinpoint(b).ü Point(d):Includedinpoint(e).ü Point(f):Includespersonswhowereorderedameasureofmedicaltreatment(489),juveniles

whoserve theeducationalmeasureofbeing referred toeducational-correctional institutions(199),personsonjuvenileimprisonment(19)andpunishedforminoroffenses(253).

SLOVENIAü Point(d):Consideredassentencedinmates.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Thetotalnumberofsentencedprisoners includesbothsentencedinmateswhohavepending

untriedcausesandinmatesundersecuritymeasures.ü Point(a):DataincludesonlyinformationabouttheAutonomouscommunityofCatalonia.ü Point(b):DataincludesonlyinformationabouttheGeneralStateAdministration.ü InputsaboutSpain(total)werenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean

values.SWEDEN

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.SWITZERLANDWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü AllitemstakenfromTableA1.1.OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(JanuarytoMarch2016).

ü Point(e.2):Referstorecalls.ü Point(f):Othernon-criminalprisoners.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Point(f):Includesimmigrantdetainees.



TABLE5.1:DETAINEESNOTSERVINGAFINALSENTENCEON1STSEPTEMBER2016(PERCENTAGESANDRATES)


Country

Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(1)

Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(2)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(1)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(2)

Percentageofuntried(orpre-trial)

detainees(nocourtdecisionyetreached)

Rateofuntried(orpre-trial)

detaineesper100,000

inhabitants

(a.1) (a.2) (b.1) (b.2) (c) (d)Albania 50.4 50.4 103.2 103.2 28.2 57.7Andorra 55.3 55.3 33.2 33.2 55.3 33.2Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 22.1 20.0 22.5 20.3 20.0 20.3Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium 37.0 29.2 38.0 30.0 23.4 24.0BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 13.6 13.6 10.1 10.1 1.5 1.1Bulgaria 6.8 NA 7.9 NA NA NACroatia 2.7 NA 2.0 NA NA NACyprus 29.5 29.5 23.2 23.2 29.5 23.2CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 35.3 35.3 21.1 21.1 28.3 16.9Estonia 23.0 23.0 46.7 46.7 23.0 46.7Finland NA NA NA NA NA NAFrance 29.3 28.3 30.1 29.1 22.4 23.0Georgia NA NA NA NA NA NAGermany 2.8 NA 2.2 NA NA NAGreece 30.3 29.4 27.1 26.3 29.4 26.3Hungary 25.5 22.4 47.1 41.3 18.4 34.0Iceland 12.1 12.1 4.5 4.5 8.9 3.3Ireland 15.7 15.4 12.3 12.0 15.4 12.0Italy 35.1 34.6 31.4 30.9 17.4 15.5Latvia 30.4 30.4 64.7 64.7 7.9 16.8Liechtenstein Lithuania 12.4 7.8 30.3 19.1 7.8 19.1Luxembourg 40.4 40.0 49.5 48.9 40.0 48.9Malta NA NA NA NA NA NAMoldova 16.4 16.4 36.6 36.6 7.4 16.5Monaco 59.4 59.4 49.7 49.7 43.8 36.6Montenegro 3.1 3.1 5.3 5.3 0.0 0.0Netherlands 45.8 43.6 23.5 22.4 32.5 16.7Norway 27.9 25.5 20.6 18.9 25.5 18.9Poland 0.9 0.5 1.7 0.9 NA NAPortugal 17.3 15.4 23.0 20.5 11.6 15.4Romania 8.2 8.2 11.5 11.5 5.7 8.1RussianFed. SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 25.2 16.2 38.0 24.5 16.2 24.5SlovakRep. NA NA NA NA NA NASlovenia 19.7 18.3 12.5 11.6 3.7 2.3Spain(total) 13.1 13.1 17.1 17.1 13.1 17.1Spain(StateAdm.) 12.9 12.9 17.2 17.2 12.9 17.2Spain(Catalonia) 14.1 14.1 16.5 16.5 14.1 16.5Sweden 26.6 26.6 15.5 15.5 26.6 15.5Switzerland 20.7 14.9 17.2 12.4 NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 8.7 8.7 14.0 14.0 4.1 6.6Turkey 37.1 37.1 90.7 90.7 29.5 72.1Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 12.7 10.9 18.6 16.0 7.4 10.8UK:North.Ireland 30.1 29.6 24.3 23.9 27.1 21.8UK:Scotland 18.1 18.1 25.8 25.7 14.7 20.9Mean 22.9 23.1 26.7 27.0 18.8 21.2Median 21.4 20.0 22.7 27.1 17.4 17.2Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 59.4 59.4 103.2 103.2 55.3 72.1



NOTES–TABLE5.1

Table5.1includestwotypesofcalculationforthecategoryof“detaineesnotservingafinalsentence”:

ü inthefirstcase[(a.1)and(b.1)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isincluded,

ü inthesecondcase[(a.2)and(b.2)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isexcluded

Thesecondtypeofcalculationhasbeenintroducedonthebasisofadditionalinformationprovidedbythenationalcorrespondents,whichcanbefoundinthenotestoTable5.Indeed,itseemsthatasignificantpartofthepersonsincludedundertheheading“Othercases”cannotbeassimilatedtopersonswaitingforafinalsentencetobeimposed(i.e.thiscategoryincludespersonsheldforsecurityreasons,personsheldforcivilreasons,etc.).Nevertheless,inordertoensurethecomparabilityofthedatawithpreviousyears’reports,wehavealsokeptthefirsttypeofcalculation(a.1andb.1).

IMPORTANTMETHODOLOGICALNOTES

ü InTable5,whennodatawereavailableunderheading(c)“Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithin the statutory limit for doing so” and no further informationwas provided, it is assumed thatprisoners in that situation are included among thoseunderheading (e) "SENTENCEDPRISONERS (FINALSENTENCE)".Inthatcase,theresultsunderheadings“Percentageofprisonersnotservingafinalsentence”(a.1anda.2,Table5.1)andthoseunderheadings“Rateofprisonersnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000inhabitants”(b.1andb.2,Table5.1)mustbeusedwithcaution.

ü InTable5,whennodatawere availableunderheading (b) “Detainees foundguiltybutwhohavenot yetreceivedasentenceyet”andnofurtherinformationwasprovided,itcannotbeexcludedthatprisonersinthatsituation are included among those under heading (a) "UNTRIEDDETAINEES (NOCOURTDECISIONYETREACHED)".Inthatcase,theresultsunderheading(c)“Percentageofuntrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionreachedyet)”and thoseunderheading (d) “Rateofuntrieddetainees (nocourtdecisionyet reached)per100,000inhabitants”ofTable5.1mustbeusedwithcaution.

ü Squarebracketswereusedfor“merged”categories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)or(a),(b)and(c)ofTable5).

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofmeanandmedianEuropean

values.



TABLE5.2:DANGEROUSOFFENDERSUNDERSECURITYMEASURESON1STSEPTEMBER2016(NUMBERSANDPERCENTAGES)


Country


Totalnumberofpersonsunder

securitymeasures/preventive

detentionfordangerousoffenders

%ofpersonsundersecurity

measuresinthetotalnumberofinmates

Personsheldasnot

criminallyresponsiblebythecourt

Personsheldastotallyorpartiallycriminally

responsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeen

sentenced

(*)Arethesepersons

includedinthetotalnumberofprison

population?

Albania 5910 179 3.0 128 51 NoAndorra 47 0 0.0 0 21 YesArmenia 3907 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Austria 8824 816 9.2 412 404 YesAzerbaijan 22938 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Belgium 11615 111 1.0 NAP 111 YesBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 863 0 0.0 0 0 YesBulgaria 8347 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Croatia 3108 NA *** NA 71 YesCyprus 668 0 0.0 NAP NAP ***CzechRep. 22481 73 0.3 3 70 YesDenmark 3408 57 1.7 NAP NAP YesEstonia 2670 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Finland 3110 NAP *** NAP NAP ***France 68514 NA *** NA NA ***Georgia 9534 NA *** NA NA ***Germany 64397 524 0.8 NAP 524 YesGreece 9621 NA *** NA NA NoHungary 18171 165 0.9 165 NAP ***Iceland 124 0 0.0 NAP 111 YesIreland 3688 1002 27.2 NA NA YesItaly 54195 299 0.6 NAP NAP YesLatvia 4186 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Liechtenstein Lithuania 7051 NAP *** NAP *** ***Luxembourg 705 NAP *** NA NA ***Malta 556 36 6.5 0 NAP YesMoldova 7911 338 4.3 NAP NAP YesMonaco 32 0 0.0 0 0 YesMontenegro 1081 0 0.0 0 0 NoNetherlands 8726 97 1.1 97 NAP NoNorway 3851 90 2.3 NAP 95 YesPoland 71528 123 0.2 28 95 YesPortugal 13779 0 0.0 0 0 ***Romania 27765 NAP *** NAP NAP ***RussianFed. SanMarino 2 0 0.0 0 0 NoSerbia 10672 489 4.6 259 230 YesSlovakRep. 10181 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Slovenia 1308 NA *** NA NA NoSpain(total) 60687 558 0.9 NA NA YesSpain(StateAdm.) 52009 558 0.9 NA NA YesSpain(Catalonia) 8678 NAP *** NAP NAP ***Sweden 5762 NA *** NA NA ***Switzerland 6912 141 2.0 6 26 YestheFYROMacedonia 3349 NAP *** NA NA NoTurkey 192627 NA *** NAP NAP ***Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 85134 NA *** NA NA ***UK:North.Ireland 1500 NA *** NAP NAP YesUK:Scotland 7657 NAP NA *** *** ***Average 2.6 Median 0.8 Minimum 0.0 Maximum 27.2



NOTES–TABLE5.2

AUSTRIAü 816inmatesareunderforensic-psychiatrictreatmentorsecuritymeasures.

BELGIUMü Persons included in the Table 5.2 are inmates of whom sentences were coupled with

requirement of placement at the disposal of the Court of the enforcement of sentenced(previously, at thedisposalof theGovernment) at theendof the sentence.According to thisprovisionthesepersonsshouldremainincustody.

ü Non-criminallyliableoffenderssentencedtomeasuresofindefiniteincarceration(internement)arenotundersecuritymeasuresstrictosensuand,therefore,arenotincludedinTable5.2.


CZECHREPUBLICü Thedefinitionofpersonsnotcriminallyresponsible inthe lawchanged.Someofthepersons

previously profiled as not criminally responsible, are now considered totally or partiallycriminallyresponsible.Thatiswhythefigurein6.A.1.ofSPACE2015was10andNowitisonly3.

GEORGIAü Datarefersto31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

HUNGARYü People under forced medical treatment. They are not counted in the number of sentenced

inmatesascriminalresponsibilitycannotbeestablished.ICELAND

ü Persons which are not criminally responsible are held at Psychiatric Hospitals under theMinistryofWelfare.TheMinistryhastheresponsibilityforadministrationandpolicymakingofsocialaffairs,healthandsocialsecurityinIcelandasprescribedbylaw,regulationsandotherdirectives.

IRELANDü Data for the total number of persons under security measures are taken the October 2016

Census.Thesearenormalprisonersheldinprotectionfortheirsafetyandnotpersonssolelydetainedforpreventivereasons.


THENETHERLANDS

ü InTable5.2areincludedpersonsundersecuritymeasures/preventivedetention.Thiscategoryconsistsofpeoplethatarenotheldcriminallyresponsiblefortheircrimesandtheyareplacedinpsychiatricclinics(outsidetheresponsibilityofprisonservice)byajudgeforthedurationofoneyear.



SERBIA(REPUBLICOF)ü Personsundersecuritymeasuresareunderatreatmentmeasure.Thereare3measuresoftreatment

intheSystemforEnforcementofPenalSanctionsoftheRepublicofSerbiaandthesepersonsareinSpecial Prison Hospital which is the part of Systems for Enforcement of Penal Sanctions: 1)Mandatorypsychiatrictreatmentandkeepinginamedicalinstitution(282persons);2)Mandatorytreatmentofdrugaddicts(106persons);and3)Mandatorytreatmentofalcoholic(101)persons.



ü Preventivesupervision-TheLawonSpecialMeasuresforthepreventionofcrimesagainstsexualfreedomaccordingtotheminorshastheaimtopreventpersonswhosentencedforoffencesagainstsexualfreedomaccordingtotheminorstodothatoffenceagain.Thereare18personsunderthisspecial measure. It concerns persons who are under special measures after serving the prisonsentenceforoffensesagainstsexualfreedomconcerningminors.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü DataonlyconcernstheGeneralStateAdministration(dataontheAutonomousRegionofCatalonia

isthereforenotincluded).SWITZERLAND

ü Datarelateto2ndSeptember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.ü Figureson“interned”offendersheldundermeasuresof(in)definiteimprisonment:art.64ofthe

CriminalCode.



TABLE6:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(NUMBERS)


Country

Hom

icide(incl.

attempts)

Assaultandbattery

Rape

Othertypesofsexual

offences

Robbery

Othertypesoftheft

Econom

icand

financialoffences

Drugoffences

Terrorism

Roadtrafficoffenses

Othercases

Numberofsentenced

prisoners(final

sentence)

Albania 975 87 66 32 382 259 104 445 16 149 418 2933Andorra 3 3 3 0 2 0 0 7 0 3 0 21Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2655Austria 325 NA 144 149 937 1641 NA 966 NA NA NA 6873Azerbaijan 2490 964 219 1088 3733 134 4932 NA NA 4647 18207Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7315BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 148 224 17 16 179 15 16 79 0 32 20 746Bulgaria 845 216 241 188 1175 2668 99 509 2 790 145 6878Croatia 354 60 62 107 328 501 275 252 0 77 237 2253Cyprus 53 13 30 46 31 90 24 126 1 3 54 471CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 20574Denmark 191 362 102 60 219 253 78 543 NA 74 324 2206Estonia 397 201 99 26 259 330 8 639 0 166 101 2226Finland 520 437 155 212 248 195 458 0 202 136 2563France 4640 6557 4348 1024 2439 9757 2868 8557 NA 3355 5546 49091Georgia 1193 697 101 105 1043 8619 148 3284 31 257 4621 8422Germany 3625 6092 3206 6272 11934 6511 6414 NA 1808 3313 49175Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1963 NA NA NA 6703Hungary 1284 1335 305 111 2578 3367 NA 126 3 0 4433 13542Iceland 13 12 12 10 6 5 4 33 0 5 9 109Ireland 414 445 182 189 91 595 35 360 15 40 743 3109Italy 6493 109 1852 623 5442 1897 363 10820 56 NA 7492 35147Latvia 428 254 131 99 720 615 122 442 0 70 32 2913Liechtenstein Lithuania 1703 312 300 112 845 1010 45 801 0 21 1350 6177Luxembourg 59 51 25 9 32 69 8 113 0 11 43 420Malta 45 15 5 25 158 35 33 184 0 7 131 423Moldova 1606 558 595 0 507 0 24 367 0 177 2777 6611Monaco 0 1 0 1 2 5 0 2 0 0 2 13Montenegro [168] [88] [8] [2] [59] [203] [12] [161] [0] [39] [0] [774]Netherlands 712 167 198 558 632 201 774 NA 116 1373 4731Norway 191 348 243 234 99 224 211 678 NAP NAP 550 2778Poland 4668 3479 1572 829 9074 18132 599 2152 NA 0 25316 65821Portugal 1008 348 199 279 1481 1524 NA 2208 1 1292 3056 11396Romania 5801 529 1834 172 4200 4996 793 1185 15 1375 4586 25486RussianFed. SanMarino 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2Serbia 779 146 194 124 1090 2118 320 1763 0 115 1331 7980SlovakRep. 573 438 145 223 1154 1624 465 1004 0 0 3091 8717Slovenia 75 90 11 38 98 341 194 148 1 36 54 1086Spain(total) 4226 2883 1966 1319 16283 2411 1971 11284 197 1299 8926 52765Spain(St.Adm.) 3446 2259 1464 1297 14579 880 1861 9964 197 1084 8280 45311Spain(Catalonia) 780 624 502 22 1704 1531 110 1320 0 215 646 7454Sweden 583 478 206 176 406 327 193 866 6 95 895 4231Switzerland 244 216 163 212 295 859 5 803 NA 118 822 3737theFYROMacedonia 291 71 44 125 598 607 55 539 26 59 644 3059Turkey 26966 17746 13864 NA 17587 33648 4255 29031 5562 NA NA 121241Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 6986 12004 6596 5935 7822 10943 1373 11008 NAP 405 11244 74316UK:North.Ireland 173 204 46 61 90 98 NA 83 NA 17 277 1049UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6272



TABLE6.1:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(PERCENTAGES)


Country

Hom

icide

(incl.

attempts)

Assaultand

battery

Rape

Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

Robbery

Othertypes

oftheft

Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

Drug

offences

Terrorism

Roadtraffic

offenses

Othercases

Albania 33.2 3.0 2.3 1.1 13.0 8.8 3.5 15.2 0.5 5.1 14.3Andorra 14.3 14.3 14.3 0.0 9.5 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 14.3 0.0Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 4.7 NA 2.1 2.2 13.6 23.9 NA 14.1 NA NA NAAzerbaijan 13.7 5.3 1.2 6.0 20.5 0.7 27.1 NA NA 25.5Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 19.8 30.0 2.3 2.1 24.0 2.0 2.1 10.6 0.0 4.3 2.7Bulgaria 12.3 3.1 3.5 2.7 17.1 38.8 1.4 7.4 0.0 11.5 2.1Croatia 15.7 2.7 2.8 4.7 14.6 22.2 12.2 11.2 0.0 3.4 10.5Cyprus 11.3 2.8 6.4 9.8 6.6 19.1 5.1 26.8 0.2 0.6 11.5CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 8.7 16.4 4.6 2.7 9.9 11.5 3.5 24.6 NA 3.4 14.7Estonia 17.8 9.0 4.4 1.2 11.6 14.8 0.4 28.7 0.0 7.5 4.5Finland 20.3 17.1 6.0 8.3 9.7 7.6 17.9 0.0 7.9 5.3France 9.5 13.4 8.9 2.1 5.0 19.9 5.8 17.4 NA 6.8 11.3Georgia 14.2 8.3 1.2 1.2 12.4 102.3 1.8 39.0 0.4 3.1 54.9Germany 7.4 12.4 6.5 12.8 24.3 13.2 13.0 NA 3.7 6.7Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 9.5 9.9 2.3 0.8 19.0 24.9 NA 0.9 0.0 0.0 32.7Iceland 11.9 11.0 11.0 9.2 5.5 4.6 3.7 30.3 0.0 4.6 8.3Ireland 13.3 14.3 5.9 6.1 2.9 19.1 1.1 11.6 0.5 1.3 23.9Italy 18.5 0.3 5.3 1.8 15.5 5.4 1.0 30.8 0.2 NA 21.3Latvia 14.7 8.7 4.5 3.4 24.7 21.1 4.2 15.2 0.0 2.4 1.1Liechtenstein Lithuania 27.6 5.1 4.9 1.8 13.7 16.4 0.7 13.0 0.0 0.3 21.9Luxembourg 14.0 12.1 6.0 2.1 7.6 16.4 1.9 26.9 0.0 2.6 10.2Malta 10.6 3.5 1.2 5.9 37.4 8.3 7.8 43.5 0.0 1.7 31.0Moldova 24.3 8.4 9.0 0.0 7.7 0.0 0.4 5.6 0.0 2.7 42.0Monaco 0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7 15.4 38.5 0.0 15.4 0.0 0.0 15.4Montenegro 21.7 11.4 1.0 0.3 7.6 26.2 1.6 20.8 0.0 5.0 0.0Netherlands 15.0 3.5 4.2 11.8 13.4 4.2 16.4 NA 2.5 29.0Norway 6.9 12.5 8.7 8.4 3.6 8.1 7.6 24.4 NAP NA 19.8Poland 7.1 5.3 2.4 1.3 13.8 27.5 0.9 3.3 NA 0.0 38.5Portugal 8.8 3.1 1.7 2.4 13.0 13.4 NA 19.4 0.0 11.3 26.8Romania 22.8 2.1 7.2 0.7 16.5 19.6 3.1 4.6 0.1 5.4 18.0RussianFed. SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 9.8 1.8 2.4 1.6 13.7 26.5 4.0 22.1 0.0 1.4 16.7SlovakRep. 6.6 5.0 1.7 2.6 13.2 18.6 5.3 11.5 0.0 0.0 35.5Slovenia 6.9 8.3 1.0 3.5 9.0 31.4 17.9 13.6 0.1 3.3 5.0Spain(total) 8.0 5.5 3.7 2.5 30.9 4.6 3.7 21.4 0.4 2.5 16.9Spain(StateAdm.) 7.6 5.0 3.2 2.9 32.2 1.9 4.1 22.0 0.4 2.4 18.3Spain(Catalonia) 10.5 8.4 6.7 0.3 22.9 20.5 1.5 17.7 0.0 2.9 8.7Sweden 13.8 11.3 4.9 4.2 9.6 7.7 4.6 20.5 0.1 2.2 21.2Switzerland 6.5 5.8 4.4 5.7 7.9 23.0 0.1 21.5 NA 3.2 22.0theFYROMacedonia 9.5 2.3 1.4 4.1 19.5 19.8 1.8 17.6 0.8 1.9 21.1Turkey 22.2 14.6 11.4 NA 14.5 27.8 3.5 23.9 4.6 NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 9.4 16.2 8.9 8.0 10.5 14.7 1.8 14.8 NAP 0.5 15.1UK:North.Ireland 16.5 19.4 4.4 5.8 8.6 9.3 NA 7.9 NA 1.6 26.4UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 13.1 8.7 4.5 3.3 12.9 18.6 6.3 18.1 0.2 3.4 16.9Median 12.1 8.3 4.4 2.6 12.6 18.9 3.3 17.5 0.0 2.6 15.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 33.2 30.0 14.3 9.8 37.4 102.3 100.0 43.5 4.6 14.3 54.9




ARMENIAü Nationalbreakdowndoesnot fit thecategories included in theSPACEIquestionnaireused for

Table6.Figuresareavailableforthefollowingcategoriesofoffences:o crimesagainstlifeandhealth:658;o crimesagainstfreedomanddignity:52;o sexualoffences:51;o crimesagainstfamilyandchildinterest:1;o crimesagainstproperty:1177;o economiccrimes:45;o crimesagainstpublicsafety:56;o crimesagainstpublicorderandmorality:53;o crimesagainstpublichealth:432;o crimesagainstenvironmentalsafety:1;o crimesagainststatesafetyandconstitutionalorder:16;o crimesagainststateservice:18;o crimesagainstgovernmentalorder:29;o crimesagainstjustice:4;o crimesagainstmilitary:59.

AUSTRIAü BecauseofthelegalclassificationintheAustriaCriminallawandthemodeofregistrationtothe

electronic administrationprogram, it is notpossible to classify all typesof offences listed inTable 6. Therefore the sum of the categories does not reach the total number of sentencedprisoners.

AZERBAIJANü Assaultandbattery:Correspondstoassaultleadingtoaggravatedbodilyinjury.ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:

are included all types of sexual offences. These figures are not included in the Europeanaverage/mediancalculations.

BULGARIAü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Thereforethesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotal

numberofsentencedprisoners.CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Thisincludes45juvenileswitheducationalmeasuresincorrectionalinstitutions,5prisonersin

ajuvenileprison.CZECHREPUBLIC

ü Themainoffencerule isnotdefined.Thedistributionbymainoffencerule isnotavailableatPrisonAdministrationbutmaybefoundattheMinistryofJustice.Figuresaretakenfromthestatisticalyearbook2016.

FINLANDü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:


GEORGIAü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Someinmatesareservingsentenceformorethanonecrime.Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.

Thereforethesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotalnumberofsentencedprisoners.Itshouldbenoted,thattheprincipleofunconditionalconsecutivesentencinghasbeenabolishedandtheprincipleofconcurrentsentencinghasbeen introduced inGeorgia,meaning that the



periodofimprisonmentequalsthelengthofthelongestsentence;though,thechargesagainsttheoffendermightincludemorethanoneepisode.

GERMANYü Figuresforthistableareon31stMarch2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:


IRELANDü Terrorism:

o Offencesfromgroup11–Conspiracytocauseanexplosion(1),possessionofexplosivesinsuspiciouscircumstances(13),andpossessionofexplosiveswithintent(1).

ITALYü Assaultandbattery:Underthisheadingareaswellincludedcrimeof"violence"and"violence

againstapublicofficer/obstructionofapublicofficer"(violenza/resistenzaapubblicoufficiale)aswellas"physicalcoercionagainstonepersonandthreat"(violenzaprivata/minaccia).

ü Economic and financial offences include include illegitimate competition and bankruptyoffences,butnotmoneylaunderingandusury(includedinthecrimeagainstproperty).

ü In the categoryofTerrorism are includedall typesof crimes supplied in theCriminalCodeunderthedenominationof“crimesagainstthepersonalityoftheState”.

LATVIAü Figuresareof1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Assaultandbattery:includesheavybodilyinjury.ü PercentagesinTable6.1arecalculatedonthebasisoftheadjustedtotalnumberofsentenced

inmates.Thisfigureincludesthosewhodidnotreceiveafinalsentencebutwhostartedservingtheirterminadvance.ProvisionsofthePenalProcedureCode:

o Sentenced prisoners after having submitted theirwritten consentmay start servingtheir term of imprisonment before the hearing of their case in order of appeal.Therefore, sentenced prisoners who have submitted an appeal (262), as well asprisonerswhosesentenceshadcomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitution(60)areincludedamongprisonerswithfinalsentence.

MALTA

ü Someinmateshavemorethanonesentencetoserve.MONACO

ü Othercasesincludefraudcomplicity.MONTENEGROWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].THENETHERLANDS

ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:are included all types of sexual offences. These figures are not included in the Europeanaverage/mediancalculations.

ü CategoriesofTerrorismandCyber-crimecannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics.ü Othercases:Underthisheadingareincludedinmatessentencedunderotherlawsandunknown

cases: inmates with unregistered type of crime (e.g. inmates convicted to pay financialcompensationstothevictimsandwhoaredetainedfornothavingdonethat,orpeoplewhoareconvictedtoplacementincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorder).



POLANDü Figuresareon31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

PORTUGALü Figuresareon31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Thecategoryroadtrafficoffensesincludesdangerousdriving(135),drivingwhileintoxicated

orundertheinfluenceofdrugs(258)anddrivingavehiclewithoutalegallicense(899).SPAIN(TOTAL)

ü TotalfigureswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SERBIA

ü Thenumberofsentencedinmatesincludesprisonerswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance.

SWEDENü Figuresareon1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

TURKEYü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Thereforethesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthe

totalnumberofsentencedprisoners.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Figuresareon30thJune2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Homicide:includesmurder,manslaughterand'otherandattemptedhomicide.ü Assaultandbattery:Includesallotherviolenceagainstthepersonoffences.ü Othertypesoftheft:Includesburglary,andtheftandhandlingstolengoodsoffences.ü Economicandfinancialoffences:includesfraudandforgery.ü Roadtrafficoffenses:Includesthesummaryofmotoringoffencesü Othercases:includesCriminaldamageandarson,possessionofweapons,misconduct,crimes

againstsociety,summarynon-motoringoffenses,offensesnotrecordedandfinedefaultersü Figuresincludeoffenderswhoareincustodyfollowingarecall.



TABLE7:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(NUMBERS)

(A)–LESSTHAN1MONTH (H)–FROM10YEARSTOLESSTHAN20YEARS(B)–FROM1MONTHTOLESSTHAN3MONTHS (I)–20YEARSANDOVER(C)–FROM3MONTHSTOLESSTHAN6MONTHS (J)–LIFEIMPRISONMENT(D)–FROM6MONTHSTOLESSTHANONEYEAR (K)–SECURITYMEASURES(E)–FROM1YEARTOLESSTHAN3YEARS (L)–PRISONERSSENTENCEDTODEATH(F)–FROM3YEARSTOLESSTHAN5YEARS (M)–OTHERSENTENCES(G)–FROM5YEARSTOLESSTHAN10YEARS


Country Lessthan1month1monthtolessthan3months

3monthstolessthan6months

6monthstolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years

3yearstolessthan5years



20yearsandover

Lifeimprison-ment

Securitymeasures

Prisonerssentencedtodeath

Other

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M)Albania 18 40 38 43 294 652 909 427 353 159 0 NAP 0Andorra 0 1 3 2 1 7 2 4 1 0 0 NAP 0Armenia 49 329 689 1118 359 27 97 NAP NAP NAPAustria 18 40 38 43 294 652 909 427 353 159 0 NAP 0Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 273 0 NAP 0Belgium 0 5 90 221 775 2239 NA NA NA 217 NAP NAP NAPBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1 24 50 64 152 104 152 168 31 NAP NA NAP 0Bulgaria 3 296 345 1206 2042 1073 976 705 57 175 NAP NAP 0Croatia 2 2 38 255 737 365 390 276 143 NAP NAP NAP 0Cyprus 0 3 10 39 131 65 105 80 17 21 0 NAP 0CzechRep. 8 77 702 3691 7857 3542 3057 1365 154 48 73 NAP NAPDenmark 16 127 168 264 721 268 302 233 4 23 57 NAP 23Estonia 1 9 49 165 604 529 538 270 20 41 NAP NAP NAPFinland 41 90 119 227 809 512 384 180 1 200 NAP NAP NAPFrance 401 1428 5162 8804 13785 6321 5303 5785 1613 489 NA NAP NAPGeorgia 5 15 173 460 2226 2446 2899 1038 73 73 NA NAP NAGermany 828 5394 7098 NA NA NA NA NA NAP 1863 540 NAP NAPGreece 56 97 NA NA NA NA NA 934 0 NAP 0Hungary 47 187 138 840 4947 2482 3351 1140 69 341 165 NAP 0Iceland 2 5 6 12 31 19 19 15 0 0 0 NAP 0Ireland 5 8 102 257 823 639 681 241 5 348 0 NAP 0



Country Lessthan1month1monthtolessthan3months


6monthstolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years




20yearsandover

Lifeimprison-ment

Securitymeasures

Prisonerssentencedtodeath

Other

Italy 33 74 353 1409 6614 7484 9106 6191 2201 1682 299 NAP 0Latvia 21 38 48 117 613 592 897 527 5 55 NAP NAP NAPLiechtenstein Lithuania 37 122 156 303 1477 1114 1682 1474 14 120 NAP NAP NAPLuxembourg 2 4 6 44 165 49 53 53 31 13 NAP NAP NAPMalta 35 20 16 104 207 76 86 87 27 17 0 NAP 0Moldova NAP NAP NAP 97 582 938 2152 1802 923 117 NAP NAP NAPMonaco 0 2 1 2 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 NAP 0Montenegro 18 53 60 210 254 97 56 15 8 0 0 0 3Netherlands 488 466 352 546 1241 476 572 419 46 31 NAP NAP 94Norway 73 241 199 432 790 439 373 210 21 NAP NAP NAP 0Poland 829 4389 11367 26627 8517 5251 2429 1718 380 NA NAP 4314Portugal 9 74 196 440 1709 2147 4098 1791 356 NAP 266 NAP 310Romania 0 6 54 525 5377 7079 7293 4034 949 169 NAP NAP NAPRussianFed. SanMarino 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 NAP 0Serbia 0 177 395 784 2188 1725 1643 847 221 NAP 0 NAP 0SlovakRep. 7 108 631 1514 2564 1119 1940 624 168 42 0 NAP 0Slovenia 3 11 65 107 386 193 198 103 20 0 NAP NAP 0Spain(total) 206 190 1682 2969 9810 11840 14399 9394 2275 NAP NAP NAP NASpain(StateAdm.) 157 141 1508 2738 8709 10148 12084 7847 1979 NAP NAP NAP NASpain(Catalonia) 49 49 174 231 1101 1692 2315 1547 296 NAP NAP NAP NASweden 14 198 225 434 1505 756 626 306 22 145 NAP NAP NAPSwitzerland [121] [551] [510] [103] [783] [574] [287] [153] NAP [35] [6] NAP [649]theFYROMacedonia 0 11 92 257 778 766 747 337 6 40 0 NAP 25Turkey 118 1205 1338 2269 8927 14969 30812 33308 21110 7303 NA NAP NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales 212 1053 2365 2231 14718 9102 14398 7407 671 7361 3998 NAP 10800UK:North.Ireland 7 11 55 114 242 148 182 121 14 155 NA NAP 0UK:Scotland 55 94 472 575 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP NA



NOTES–TABLE7

Some countriesmay have included persons sentenced to securitymeasures (mentally-ill offenders andpersonsconsideredasdangerousoffenders)underthecategory“lifeimprisonment”,becauseinsuchcasesthelengthofdetention/imprisonmentisnotfixed.However,asarule,suchpersonshavebeenexcludedfromthedistribution,andcountedseparately(seenotestoTable7).

ARMENIA

ü Points(A)(B),(C)and(D)–Lessthanoneyear.ü Point(H)–From10tolessthan15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).

AZERBAIJANü Points(A),(B),(C),(D),and(E)–Lessthan2years:1908.ü Point(F)–2yearstolessthan7years(insteadof3yearstolessthan5years):8841.ü Point(G)–7yearstolessthan12years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years):5224.ü Points(H)and(I)–12yearsandover(insteadof10yearstolessthan20yearsand20yearsand

over):1961.BELGIUM

ü Becauseoftheexistenceofacategoryof"peinescriminellesàtemps",forwhichtherearenodetailsconcerningthelengthofsentencesandwhichincludespenaltiesof5yearsormore,theanswersforitems(G)to(I)arenotavailable.Thisexplainswhythetotalitemsavailabledifferfromthetotalnumberofsentencedinmates.

CROATIAü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü 45juvenileswitheducationalmeasureincorrectionalinstitutionsarenotincluded.

DENMARK

ü Point (M) –Under thisheadingare includedpersons sentencedaccording toCriminalLawofGreenland(specialmeasuresagainstmentallyillpeopleandparticularlydangerouspeople).

GEORGIAü Thedifferencebetweenthetotalsumofthesubcategoriesandthetotalnumberofsentenced

prisoners is caused by the distribution relevant to question the length of sentences sub-categories, that covers the total number of inmates, including convicts as well as remandprisoners.Itshouldalsobenoted,thesumofallocationgiveninanswertothebreakdownbythelengthofthesentenceshouldbeusedasthedistributionvaluegiveninthebreakdownbythemainoffensetable.

GERMANYü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Differentbreakdownsareavailable:

o From6monthstooneyear:9701;o Frommorethan1yearto2years:9887;o Frommorethan2yearsto5years:11707;o Frommorethan5yearsto10years:3317;o Frommorethan10yearsto15years:523.

GREECE

ü Points(B)and(C)–Fromonetolessthan6months.ü Point(E)–From1yeartolessthan2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years).ü Point(F)–From2yearstolessthan5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years).ü Point(H)–From10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).



HUNGARYü Point(K)–Inmatesunderforcedmedicaltreatmentarecountedhere(165).However,theyare

not counted in the number of sentenced inmates as criminal responsibility cannot beestablished.

ITALY

ü Point (K) –Persons undergoing securitymeasures are not counted among finally sentencedinmates.

LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Untilthe31STDecember2011deathpenaltyinLatviawasnotapplicableforthecrimeswhich

werecommittedinapeacetimeandCriminalLawofLatviaprovidedpossibilityofapplicationofthedeathsentenceforthecrimescommittedduringthewar.DeathpenaltywasexcludedformCriminalLawinLatviasince1stJanuary2012.

LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü According to the Penal Procedure Code, sentenced prisoners after having submitted their

writtenconsentmaystartservingprisonsentencebeforethehearingoftheircaseinorderofappeal. Therefore, sentenced prisoners in appeal, aswell as prisonerswhose sentences hadcomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedintothegeneralnumberofprisonerswhosesentenceisinforceandtheyareservingit.InTable7areincludedadditional322persons.

MALTAü Someinmatesmayhavemorethanonesentencetoserve.

MONTENEGROü Point(M):inmateswhoseprisonsentenceishigherthan40years.

THENETHERLANDSü Point(M)–94inmateswithunknowndurationofprisonsentencesimposed.

POLANDü Point(A)&Point(B)–Lessthan3months.

PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Point(K)–266 inmatesunder“securitymeasures”(mentally-ill);144placed inpenitentiary

psychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals,and122placedinnon-penitentiarypsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals.

ü Point(L)–Thereare44inmatessentencedtoaprisonsentencewithundeterminedlength,529weresentencedtoprisontermsonfreedaysand3sentencedtohalfdetention.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean

values.SWEDEN

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.SWITZERLAND

Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].

ü Point(I)-Theseconvictedpersonshavemorethanonesentencetoserveandthetotallengthofallsentencesismorethan20years.

ü Point(M)-Thiscorrespondstotheinstitutionalmeasure”refereeinahouseofcorrection”,thatrunsfrom1to5years.Thecourtdoesnotdeterminateinadvancethelengthofthismeasure.Thecourtdecidesadditionalonthebaseoftheresultsoftheeducationalprocess.



UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Datarelateto30thJune2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü Point(K)–IncludedpersonsunderIndeterminateSentencesforPublicProtection.ü Point(M)–Inthiscategoryareincludedunrecordedsentences(lessthanorequalto6months,

and1-4years),ExtendedDeterminateSentences,recallsandfinedefaulters.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Sentence length includes both the custodial element and the licence element (i.e. period onprobation).

UK:SCOTLANDü Differentbreakdownsareavailable:

o From1tolessthan2years:990o From2tolessthan4years:1228o From4tolessthan10years:1555o 10yearsandover:265o Lifesentences:1038(includeslifersrecalledfromlicence)



TABLE7.1:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(PERCENTAGES)

(A)–LESSTHAN1MONTH (F)–FROM3YEARSTOLESSTHAN5YEARS (K)–SECURITYMEASURESOFINDETERMINATELENGTH(B)–FROM1MONTHTOLESSTHAN3MONTHS (G)–FROM5YEARSTOLESSTHAN10YEARS (L)–PRISONERSSENTENCEDTODEATH(C)–FROM3MONTHSTOLESSTHAN6MONTHS (H)–FROM10YEARSTOLESSTHAN20YEARS (M)–OTHERSENTENCES(D)–FROM6MONTHSTOLESSTHANONEYEAR (I)–20YEARSANDOVER Total(E)–FROM1YEARTOLESSTHAN3YEARS (J)–LIFEIMPRISONMENT


Country (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M) Total

Albania 0.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 10.0 22.2 31.0 14.6 12.0 5.4 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Andorra 0.0 4.8 14.3 9.5 4.8 33.3 9.5 19.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Armenia [1.8] [12.4] [26.0] [42.1] [13.5] [1.0] [3.7] NAP NAP NAP 100.5Austria [0.4] [2.8] [4.6] [8.2] [32.6] [16.7] [15.1] [5.9] [0.2] [1.7] NAP NAP NAP 88.1Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.5 NA NABelgium 0.0 0.1 1.2 3.0 10.6 30.6 NA NA NA 3.0 NAP NAP NAP 48.5BH:BiH(st.lvel) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0.1 3.2 6.7 8.6 20.4 13.9 20.4 22.5 4.2 NAP NA NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 0.0 4.3 5.0 17.5 29.7 15.6 14.2 10.3 0.8 2.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Croatia 0.1 0.1 1.7 11.3 32.7 16.2 17.3 12.3 6.3 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 98.0Cyprus 0.0 0.6 2.1 8.3 27.8 13.8 22.3 17.0 3.6 4.5 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 0.0 0.4 3.4 17.9 38.2 17.2 14.9 6.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 NAP NAP 100.0Denmark 0.7 5.8 7.6 12.0 32.7 12.1 13.7 10.6 0.2 1.0 2.6 NAP 1.0 100.0Estonia 0.0 0.4 2.2 7.4 27.1 23.8 24.2 12.1 0.9 1.8 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Finland 1.6 3.5 4.6 8.9 31.6 20.0 15.0 7.0 0.0 7.8 NAP NAP NAP 100.0France 0.8 2.9 10.5 17.9 28.1 12.9 10.8 11.8 3.3 1.0 NA NAP NAP 100.0Georgia 0.1 0.2 2.1 5.5 26.4 29.0 34.4 12.3 0.9 0.9 NA NAP NA 111.7Germany 1.7 11.0 14.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.8 NA NAP NA 30.9Greece 0.8 1.4 2.1 5.3 26.4 18.2 31.9 13.9 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Hungary 0.3 1.4 1.0 6.2 36.5 18.3 24.7 8.4 0.5 2.5 1.2 NAP 0.0 101.2Iceland 1.8 4.6 5.5 11.0 28.4 17.4 17.4 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Ireland 0.2 0.3 3.3 8.3 26.5 20.6 21.9 7.8 0.2 11.2 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Italy 0.1 0.2 1.0 4.0 18.8 21.3 25.9 17.6 6.3 4.8 0.9 NAP 0.0 100.9Latvia 0.7 1.3 1.6 4.0 21.0 20.3 30.8 18.1 0.2 1.9 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Liechtenstein Lithuania 0.6 2.0 2.5 4.9 23.9 18.0 27.2 23.9 0.2 1.9 NAP NAP NAP 105.2Luxembourg 0.5 1.0 1.4 10.5 39.3 11.7 12.6 12.6 7.4 3.1 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Malta 8.3 4.7 3.8 24.6 48.9 18.0 20.3 20.6 6.4 4.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 159.6Moldova NAP NAP NAP 1.5 8.8 14.2 32.6 27.3 14.0 1.8 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Monaco 0.0 15.4 7.7 15.4 38.5 0.0 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Montenegro 2.3 6.8 7.8 27.1 32.8 12.5 7.2 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.4 100.0Netherlands 10.3 9.8 7.4 11.5 26.2 10.1 12.1 8.9 1.0 0.7 NAP NAP 2.0 100.0Norway 2.6 8.7 7.2 15.6 28.4 15.8 13.4 7.6 0.8 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Poland 1.3 6.7 17.3 40.5 12.9 8.0 3.7 2.6 0.6 NA NAP 6.6 100.0Portugal 0.1 0.6 1.7 3.9 15.0 18.8 36.0 15.7 3.1 NAP 2.3 NAP 2.7 100.0Romania 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.1 21.1 27.8 28.6 15.8 3.7 0.7 NAP NAP NAP 100.0RussianFed. SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Serbia 0.0 2.2 4.9 9.8 27.4 21.6 20.6 10.6 2.8 NAP 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 0.1 1.2 7.2 17.4 29.4 12.8 22.3 7.2 1.9 0.5 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Slovenia 0.3 1.0 6.0 9.9 35.5 17.8 18.2 9.5 1.8 0.0 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 0.4 0.4 3.2 5.6 18.6 22.4 27.3 17.8 4.3 NAP NAP NAP NA 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 0.3 0.3 3.3 6.0 19.2 22.4 26.7 17.3 4.4 NAP NAP NAP NAP 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 0.7 0.7 2.3 3.1 14.8 22.7 31.1 20.8 4.0 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Sweden 0.3 4.7 5.3 10.3 35.6 17.9 14.8 7.2 0.5 3.4 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Switzerland [3.2] [14.7] [13.6] [2.8] [21.0] [15.4] [7.7] [4.1] NAP [0.9] [0.2] NAP [17.4] 100.9theFYROMacedonia 0.0 0.4 3.0 8.4 25.4 25.0 24.4 11.0 0.2 1.3 0.0 NAP 0.8 100.0Turkey 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.9 7.4 12.3 25.4 27.5 17.4 6.0 NA NAP NA 100.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 0.3 1.4 3.2 3.0 19.8 12.2 19.4 10.0 0.9 9.9 5.4 NAP 14.5 100.0UK:North.Ireland 0.7 1.0 5.2 10.9 23.1 14.1 17.3 11.5 1.3 14.8 NA NAP 0.0 100.0UK:Scotland 0.9 1.5 7.5 9.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAP NA 19.1Average 1.0 2.8 4.4 8.7 24.2 20.2 20.7 12.4 3.8 3.1 0.6 *** 1.6

Median 0.3 1.3 3.4 8.3 26.4 17.8 20.5 11.8 1.3 1.8 0.0 *** 0.0

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *** 0.0

Maximum 10.3 15.4 14.3 27.1 48.9 100.0 42.1 27.5 31.9 14.8 5.4 *** 17.4



TABLE7.2:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(CUMULATIVEPERCENTAGES)


CountryLessthan

1year

1year

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

3years

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

5years

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

10years

andover

(fixed-

term

sentence)

Total

fixed-

term

sentences

Life

imprisonment

Other&

security

measures

Total

Albania 4.7 89.8 79.8 57.6 26.6 94.6 5.4 0.0 100.0Andorra 28.6 71.4 66.7 33.3 23.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Armenia [1.8] [95.0] [82.6] [56.6] [14.5] [96.8] [3.7] [0.0] 100.5Austria [15.9] [70.5] [37.9] [21.2] [6.2] [86.4] [1.7] [0.0] 88.1Azerbaijan 0.0 98.5 88.0 39.5 10.8 98.5 1.5 0.0 100.0Belgium 4.3 41.2 30.6 0.0 0.0 45.5 3.0 0.0 48.5BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 18.6 81.4 61.0 47.1 26.7 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 26.9 70.6 40.9 25.3 11.1 97.5 2.5 0.0 100.0Croatia 13.2 84.8 52.1 35.9 18.6 98.0 NAP 0.0 98.0Cyprus 11.0 84.5 56.7 42.9 20.6 95.5 4.5 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 21.8 77.6 39.5 22.2 7.4 99.4 0.2 0.4 100.0Denmark 26.1 69.3 36.6 24.4 10.7 95.3 1.0 3.6 100.0Estonia 10.1 88.1 61.0 37.2 13.0 98.2 1.8 0.0 100.0Finland 18.6 73.6 42.0 22.0 7.1 92.2 7.8 0.0 100.0France 32.2 66.8 38.7 25.9 15.1 99.0 1.0 0.0 100.0Georgia 7.8 103.1 76.7 47.6 13.2 110.8 0.9 0.0 111.7Germany 27.1 NA NA NA NA 27.1 3.8 1.1 32.0Greece 2.3 83.8 81.7 76.5 50.1 86.1 13.9 0.0 100.0Hungary 8.9 88.5 52.0 33.7 8.9 97.5 2.5 1.2 101.2Iceland 22.9 77.1 48.6 31.2 13.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Ireland 12.0 76.8 50.4 29.8 7.9 88.8 11.2 0.0 100.0Italy 5.3 89.9 71.1 49.8 23.9 95.2 4.8 0.9 100.9Latvia 7.7 90.4 69.4 49.1 18.3 98.1 1.9 0.0 100.0Liechtenstein Lithuania 10.0 93.3 69.4 51.3 24.1 103.3 1.9 0.0 105.2Luxembourg 13.3 83.6 44.3 32.6 20.0 96.9 3.1 0.0 100.0Malta 41.4 114.2 65.2 47.3 27.0 155.6 4.0 0.0 159.6Moldova 1.5 96.8 88.0 73.8 41.2 98.2 1.8 0.0 100.0Monaco 38.5 61.5 23.1 23.1 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Montenegro 44.1 55.6 22.7 10.2 3.0 99.6 0.0 0.4 100.0Netherlands 39.1 58.2 32.0 21.9 9.8 97.4 0.7 2.0 100.0Norway 34.0 66.0 37.5 21.7 8.3 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Poland 25.2 67.7 27.2 14.3 6.3 92.9 0.6 6.6 100.0Portugal 6.3 88.6 73.6 54.8 18.8 94.9 NAP 5.1 100.0Romania 2.3 97.0 75.9 48.2 19.6 99.3 0.7 0.0 100.0RussianFed. SanMarino 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Serbia 17.0 83.0 55.6 34.0 13.4 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 25.9 73.6 44.2 31.3 9.1 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0Slovenia 17.1 82.9 47.3 29.6 11.3 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 9.6 90.4 71.8 49.4 22.1 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 10.0 90.0 70.8 48.4 21.7 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 6.7 93.3 78.5 55.8 24.7 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Sweden 20.6 76.0 40.4 22.5 7.8 96.6 3.4 0.0 100.0Switzerland [34.4] [48.1] [27.1] [11.8] [4.1] [82.5] [0.9] [17.5] 100.9theFYROMacedonia 11.8 86.1 60.7 35.6 11.2 97.9 1.3 0.8 100.0Turkey 4.0 90.0 82.6 70.3 44.9 94.0 6.0 0.0 100.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 7.9 62.3 42.5 30.2 10.9 70.2 9.9 19.9 100.0UK:North.Ireland 17.8 67.4 44.3 30.2 12.9 85.2 14.8 0.0 100.0UK:Scotland 19.1 NA NA NA NA 19.1 NA 0.0 19.1Average 16.5 80.2 55.9 35.7 15.5 93.3 3.1 1.3

Median 13.3 83.0 52.1 33.3 13.0 97.9 1.8 0.0

Minimum 0.0 41.2 22.7 0.0 0.0 45.5 0.0 0.0

Maximum 44.1 114.2 100.0 76.5 50.1 155.6 14.8 19.9



TABLE7.3:LENGTHSOFLESSTHANONEYEAROFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(PERCENTAGES)


Country Lessthan1month

1monthtolessthan3months


6monthstolessthan1year

Totallessthan1year

Albania 12.9 28.8 27.3 30.9 100.0Andorra 0.0 16.7 50.0 33.3 100.0Armenia 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Austria 2.3 17.7 28.7 51.3 100.0Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NABelgium 0.0 1.6 28.5 69.9 100.0BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0.7 17.3 36.0 46.0 100.0Bulgaria 0.2 16.0 18.6 65.2 100.0Croatia 0.7 0.7 12.8 85.9 100.0Cyprus 0.0 5.8 19.2 75.0 100.0CzechRep. 0.2 1.7 15.7 82.4 100.0Denmark 2.8 22.1 29.2 45.9 100.0Estonia 0.4 4.0 21.9 73.7 100.0Finland 8.6 18.9 24.9 47.6 100.0France 2.5 9.0 32.7 55.7 100.0Georgia 0.8 2.3 26.5 70.4 100.0Germany 6.2 40.5 53.3 NA 100.0Greece 0.0 0.0 36.6 63.4 100.0Hungary 3.9 15.4 11.4 69.3 100.0Iceland 8.0 20.0 24.0 48.0 100.0Ireland 1.3 2.2 27.4 69.1 100.0Italy 1.8 4.0 18.9 75.4 100.0Latvia 9.4 17.0 21.4 52.2 100.0Liechtenstein Lithuania 6.0 19.7 25.2 49.0 100.0Luxembourg 3.6 7.1 10.7 78.6 100.0Malta 20.0 11.4 9.1 59.4 100.0Moldova NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0Monaco 0.0 40.0 20.0 40.0 100.0Montenegro 5.3 15.5 17.6 61.6 100.0Netherlands 26.3 25.2 19.0 29.5 100.0Norway 7.7 25.5 21.1 45.7 100.0Poland 5.0 0.0 26.5 68.5 100.0Portugal 1.3 10.3 27.3 61.2 100.0Romania 0.0 1.0 9.2 89.7 100.0RussianFed. SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 0.0 13.1 29.1 57.8 100.0SlovakRep. 0.3 4.8 27.9 67.0 100.0Slovenia 1.6 5.9 34.9 57.5 100.0Spain(total) 4.1 3.8 33.3 58.8 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 3.5 3.1 33.2 60.3 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 9.7 9.7 34.6 45.9 100.0Sweden 1.6 22.7 25.8 49.8 100.0Switzerland 9.4 42.9 39.7 8.0 100.0theFYROMacedonia 0.0 3.1 25.6 71.4 100.0Turkey 2.5 22.6 27.8 47.2 100.0Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 3.6 18.0 40.4 38.1 100.0UK:North.Ireland 3.7 5.9 29.4 61.0 100.0UK:Scotland 4.6 7.9 39.5 48.1 100.0Average 4.1 13.1 25.9 57.0

Median 2.0 10.9 26.5 58.6

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 26.3 42.9 53.3 100.0



NOTES–TABLES7.1,7.2,AND7.3

SeenotestoTables5and7.

Allmergedcategories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)orother)wereexcludedfromthecalculationofaverage,median,minimumandmaximumindicatorsattheEuropeanlevel.

FIGURE3:COUNTRIESWITHHIGHESTPERCENTAGESOFPRISONERSSENTENCEDTOLESSTHANONEYEAR

Figure3providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththehighestpercentagesofprisonersservingshortprisonsentences(lessthanoneyear).ThisFigureincludes22countrieswherethepercentagesofprisonerssentencedtolessthan1yearwereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(13.2%).

Between2009and2016theevolutionoftheEuropeanmedianfollowedthecurvilineartrend:17.1%in2009,16.4%in2010,18.6%in2011,14.9%in2012,13.3%in2013,15.2%in2014,13.8%in2015,and13.2%in2016.

Formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTable7shouldbetakenintoaccount.

15.9

17.0

17.1

17.8

18.6

18.6

19.1

20.6

21.8

22.9 25.2

25.9

26.1

26.9

27.1

28.6 32.2 34.0

34.4 38

.5

39.1 41.4 44.1

0 % 5 %

10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 % 40 % 45 % 50 %

Austria

Serbia(Repu

blicof)

Slovenia

UK:NorthernIreland

Finland

BH:Repub

likaSrpska

UK:Scotland

Sweden

CzechRepu

blic

Iceland

Poland

SlovakRepub

lic

Denmark

Bulgaria

Germany

Ando

rra

France

Norway

Switzerland

Mon

aco

Netherland

s

Malta

Mon

tenegro

European Mean=16.5

European Median=13.3



B. Prison Movements during 2015



TABLE8:FLOWOFENTRIESTOPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2015


CountryTotalnumberof

entriesin2015

Rateofentries

topenal

institutionsper

100000

inhabitants

Entriesbeforefinalsentence

Entriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentofthe

conditionalreleaseorprobation

Entriesfollowingtransferfroma

foreigncountry(TOTAL)

Entriesfollowingtransferfroma

MemberStateoftheEU

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthe

numberof

entries

following

transferfroma

foreigncountry

Albania 6229 215.4 5132 82.4 131 2.1 81 1.3 59 72.8Andorra 56 71.8 19 33.9 36 64.3 1 1.8 1 100.0Armenia NA NA NA *** NA *** 6 *** 1 16.7Austria 11440 133.4 8476 74.1 NA *** NA *** NA ***Azerbaijan 9493 99.0 9418 99.2 NA *** 75 0.8 0 0.0Belgium 18668 166.1 11085 59.4 NA *** NA *** NA ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1056 90.9 106 10.0 3 0.3 23 2.2 2 8.7Bulgaria 5007 69.5 1754 35.0 NA *** 104 2.1 NA ***Croatia 7815 185.0 NA *** NA *** 8 0.1 8 100.0Cyprus 1926 227.4 980 50.9 NAP *** 0 0.0 0 0.0CzechRep. 11629 110.4 4412 37.9 NA *** 169 1.5 NA ***Denmark 11969 211.5 NA *** 36 0.3 NA *** NA ***Estonia 1885 143.4 1129 59.9 196 10.4 7 0.4 7 100.0Finland 5671 103.6 2015 35.5 NA *** 30 0.5 27 90.0France 92779 139.5 51140 55.1 NA *** NA *** NA ***Georgia 7259 194.6 NA *** 59 0.8 NA *** NA ***Germany 93685 115.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 12829 118.2 4212 32.8 237 1.8 21 0.2 20 95.2Hungary 21706 220.2 7076 32.6 NA *** NA *** NA ***Iceland 282 85.7 135 47.9 12 4.3 2 0.7 2 100.0Ireland 17206 371.7 3294 19.1 NA *** 2 0.0 2 100.0Italy 45823 75.4 36448 79.5 NA *** NA *** NA ***Latvia 12809 644.9 8424 65.8 4370 34.1 15 0.1 11 73.3Liechtenstein Lithuania 7674 262.7 5088 66.3 NA *** 37 0.5 27 73.0Luxembourg 949 168.6 645 68.0 22 2.3 NA *** NA ***Malta 528 123.0 322 61.0 NAP *** 0 0.0 0 0.0Moldova 10966 308.5 4366 39.8 NA *** NA *** NA ***Monaco 158 419.1 158 100.0 0 0.0 1 0.6 1 100.0Montenegro 2264 363.9 747 33.0 0 0.0 50 2.2 22 44.0Netherlands 38499 227.8 13734 35.7 NA *** 196 0.5 NA ***



Norway 9093 176.0 3664 40.3 NA *** 4 0.0 4 100.0Poland 78781 207.3 12076 15.3 NA *** 1027 1.3 NA ***Portugal 5567 53.7 2448 44.0 0 0.0 NAP *** NAP ***Romania 12720 64.0 NAP *** NAP *** 1151 9.0 1089 94.6RussianFed. SanMarino 11 33.5 8 72.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Serbia 22252 312.8 NA *** 21 0.1 57 0.3 35 61.4SlovakRep. 8462 156.1 2984 35.3 NA *** 121 1.4 NA ***Slovenia 2594 125.7 686 26.4 NA *** 8 0.3 6 75.0Spain(total) 35059 75.5 2313 6.6 701 2.0 198 0.6 56 28.3Spain(StateAdm.) 29768 76.2 NA *** 633 2.1 198 0.7 56 28.3Spain(Catalonia) 5291 71.5 2313 43.7 68 1.3 NAP *** NA ***Sweden 41243 423.1 32662 79.2 NA *** 79 0.2 22 27.8Switzerland 53223 646.1 15701 29.5 NA *** NA *** NA ***theFYROMacedonia 2450 118.4 205 8.4 0 0.0 51 2.1 9 17.6Turkey 188764 243.0 NA *** NA *** NA *** NA ***Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 113798 197.3 51855 45.6 20076 17.6 NA *** NA ***UK:North.Ireland 3831 207.4 2720 71.0 NA *** NA *** NA ***UK:Scotland 31300 584.3 17900 57.2 NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 203.5 48.3 7.1 1.0 56.9

Median 167.3 44.0 1.0 0.5 72.9

Minimum 33.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 646.1 100.0 64.3 9.0 100.0



NOTES–TABLE8

ARMENIAü Thereisnodefinitionof“entry”intheArmenianlegislation.


CYPRUSü Totalnumberofentriesinpenalinstitutionsin2016was7561,ofwhich1926wereentriesin

prisoninstitutionand5635wereentriesinpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLIC

ü Entries following transfer from a foreign country: The Prison Service of the Czech Republicprovidesescortsofinmatesfromforeigncountries.Moreover,someescortswereprovidedfromtheborders(crossborderescorts)buttherearenofiguresavailableonthistypeoftransfers.

ü Othertransferswereprovidedbythepolice.Yet,thePrisonServicedoesnotkeepanyspecificdataaboutsuchtransfers.ThedatamaybeavailableattheMinistryofInteriororattheMinistryofForeignAffairs.

FINLANDü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Includesallthepersonswhohavebeenbrought

fromabroadtoaFinnishprison.Thisnumberincludesthefollowing:• PersonswhoenteredFinnishprisononthebasisofextradition(10): thepersonwas

apprehended abroad on the basis of the Nordic (NAW) or European (EAW) orinternationalarrestwarrantissuedbytheFinnishprosecutor(onthebasisoftheon-going criminal procedure) or issued by the Criminal Sanctions Agency (in order toenforcetheprisonsentenceinFinland),and

• Personswhoare transferredasprisoners (20): theenforcementof the sentencehasbeendecidedtotakeoverfromanothercountryintoFinland.

GEORGIAü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

HUNGARYü InHungaryonlythe factofentry isrecorded.Wedonotstatethecircumstantialdetails,e.g.:

wheretheinmatecamefrom.IRELAND

ü TOSPAnnualReport2015onJusticeWebsite;1inmatefromSpainand1inmatefromEstonia.THENETHERLANDS

ü Entriesfollowinganescape/abscondarepartofthetotalnumberofentries.ü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Theseareinmateswhowereconvictedoutside

theNetherlands,buttheycanservetheirsentenceintheNetherlands.Suchprocedures,basedonaspeciallaw(WOTS),makethetransferenceoftheexecutionofcriminaljudgementspossible.TheseprisonersdonothavetobebornintheNetherlands,butthereshouldbesomeformofbond/tie with the Netherlands (e.g. because of having the Dutch nationality and living andworkingthere).Sincethe1stNovember2012anewlaw(WETS)isinforce,whichregulatesthispossibilitytoo,butonlyforEuropeancountries.

POLANDü Figuresforthistableareon31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

SLOVENIAü Inthetotalnumberofentriesareincludedtransfersfromonepenalinstitutiontoanother.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü ThetotalnumberofentriesbeforefinalsentencerelatesonlytotheAutonomousCommunityof

Catalonia.ü ThetotalnumberofentriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountryrelatesonlytotheGeneral

stateAdministration.



SWEDENü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Refersonlytoclientswhohavestartedserving

thesentenceinthesentencingcountry.SWITZERLAND

ü Itisnotpossibletodistinguishalltypeofentriesfrom1sttimeentries(incarcerations).UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Thetotalnumberofentriescorrespondstothesumoffirstreceptionsin2015(TableA2.1iofPrisonreceptions:2015)andthenumberofoffendersrecalledandreturnedtocustodyduring2015(Table5.1ofLicencerecalls:OctobertoDecember2015.BothfromOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(OctobertoDecember2015).

ü Number of entries before final sentence: taken from Table A2.1i. Refers to remand (untried)receptionsplusremand(convictedunsentenced)receptions.

ü Number of entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release orprobation: is taken from Table 5.1 Refers to prisoners recalled to prison after being out onlicence.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentence:Referstothenumberofentriesonremand,onlycounts

newcommittalsintoprisonnotchangesofcustodialstatuswhilstincustody.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Figuresareestimatesbasedonadministrativedata.



TABLE9:FLOWOFRELEASESFROMPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2015


Country

Total

numberof

releasesin

2015

(A)

Rateof

releases

from

penal

institutio

nsper

100000

inhabita

nts

Pre-trialdetainees

released

Finalsentenced

prisonersreleased

Ofwhich

Releasesinorderto

transfertheperson

toaforeigncountry

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofa

releaseundercondition

(incl.conditionalrelease

andexternalplacement

underElectronic

MonitoringorProbation)

Unconditionalreleasesat

theendofacustodial

sentence

Otherreleasesoffinal

sentencedprisoners

Releasesinorderto

transferthepersonto

aMemberStateofthe

EuropeanUnion

Number

(B)

%inthe

total

number

of

releases

Number

(C)

%inthe

total

number

of

releases

Number

(C.1)

%inthe

total

numberof

final

sentenced

prisoners

released

Number

(C.2)

%inthe

total

numberof

final

sentenced

prisoners

released

Number

(C.3)

%inthe

total

numberof

final

sentenced

prisoners

released

Number

(D)

%inthe

total

number

releases

Number

(D.1)

%inthe

total

number

releases

Number

(E)

%inthe

total

number

of

releases

Albania 5562 192.3 4246 76.3 1221 22.0 110 9.0 317 26.0 794 65.0 83 1.5 13 15.7 12 0.0

Andorra 68 87.2 29 42.6 39 57.4 1 2.6 38 97.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Armenia 1468 48.8 515 35.1 901 61.4 153 17.0 726 80.6 22 2.4 33 2.2 0 0.0 39 2.7

Austria 11413 133.1 3416 29.9 7997 70.1 3055 38.2 3791 47.4 1151 14.4 144 1.3 NA NA NAP ***

Azerbaijan 7259 75.7 1165 16.0 5909 81.4 1847 31.3 3739 63.3 323 5.5 40 0.6 1 2.5 145 2.0

Belgium 18431 164.0 7884 42.8 9121 49.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1426 7.7

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 1579 111.5 318 20.1 1251 79.2 257 20.5 984 78.7 4 0.3 10 0.6 2 20.0 0 0.0

Bulgaria 5412 75.1 NA NA 4927 91.0 839 17.0 4086 82.9 2 0.0 16 0.3 NA NA 485 9.0

Croatia 7737 183.1 2959 38.2 2316 29.9 1353 58.4 743 32.1 220 9.5 1 0.0 1 100.0 2461 31.8

Cyprus 1380 162.9 446 32.3 920 66.7 629 68.4 289 31.4 2 0.2 14 1.0 14 100.0 0 0.0

CzechRep. 9315 88.4 1493 16.0 7210 77.4 2361 32.7 6352 88.1 NA NA 477 5.1 NA NA 135 1.4

Denmark 7824 138.2 NA NA 7797 99.7 3218 41.3 4579 58.7 NAP *** NA NA NA NA 27 0.3

Estonia 2077 158.0 302 14.5 1769 85.2 581 32.8 1173 66.3 21 1.2 6 0.3 5 83.3 1 0.0

Finland 5651 103.3 1102 19.5 4461 78.9 3266 73.2 1193 26.7 2 0.0 73 1.3 NA NA 15 0.3

France 91199 137.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Georgia 7954 213.3 NA NA NA NA 1033 NA 2591 NA 4330 NA NA NA NA NA NAP ***

Germany NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Greece 11501 105.9 1851 16.1 9460 82.3 6941 73.4 141 1.5 1646 17.4 56 0.5 40 71.4 134 1.2

Hungary 21154 214.6 3888 18.4 8790 41.6 3648 41.5 4694 53.4 448 5.1 258 1.2 0 0.0 8218 38.8

Iceland 297 90.2 60 20.2 236 79.5 156 66.1 72 30.5 8 3.4 1 0.3 1 100.0 0 0.0

Ireland 17420 376.3 3716 21.3 13700 78.6 NA NA NA NA NAP NA 4 0.0 4 100.0 0 0.0

Italy 53369 87.8 19690 36.9 33251 62.3 13550 40.8 19701 59.2 0 0.0 NA NA NA NA 428 0.8

Latvia 3668 184.7 1282 35.0 2363 64.4 437 18.5 1922 81.3 4 0.2 2 0.1 0 0.0 21 0.6

Liechtenstein

Lithuania NA NA NA NA 5408 NA 1082 20.0 4196 77.6 92 1.7 NA NA NA NA 40 ***

Luxembourg 873 155.1 408 46.7 423 48.5 141 33.3 275 65.0 7 1.7 28 3.2 NA NA 14 1.6

Malta 526 122.5 247 47.0 263 50.0 23 8.7 240 91.3 0 0.0 16 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Moldova 2819 79.3 1497 53.1 1322 46.9 243 18.4 1040 78.7 39 3.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Monaco 151 400.5 27 17.9 96 63.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 1.3 2 100.0 26 17.2

Montenegro 2041 328.1 678 33.2 1352 66.2 616 45.6 708 52.4 25 1.8 3 0.1 0 0.0 8 0.4

Netherlands 38876 230.0 8488 21.8 28646 73.7 691 2.4 27955 97.6 NAP *** 445 1.1 NA NA 1297 3.3

Norway 9017 174.5 1981 22.0 5945 65.9 2570 43.2 3146 52.9 229 3.9 63 0.7 61 96.8 1028 11.4



Country

Total

numberof

releasesin

2015

(A)

Rateof

releases

from

penal

institutio

nsper

100000

inhabita

nts

Pre-trialdetainees

released

Finalsentenced

prisonersreleased

Ofwhich

Releasesinorderto

transfertheperson

toaforeigncountry

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofa

releaseundercondition

(incl.conditionalrelease

andexternalplacement

underElectronic

MonitoringorProbation)

Unconditionalreleasesat

theendofacustodial

sentence

Otherreleasesoffinal

sentencedprisoners

Releasesinorderto

transferthepersonto

aMemberStateofthe

EuropeanUnion

Number

(B)

%inthe

total

number

of

releases

Number

(C)

%inthe

total

number

of

releases

Number

(C.1)

%inthe

total

numberof

final

sentenced

prisoners

released

Number

(C.2)

%inthe

total

numberof

final

sentenced

prisoners

released

Number

(C.3)

%inthe

total

numberof

final

sentenced

prisoners

released

Number

(D)

%inthe

total

number

releases

Number

(D.1)

%inthe

total

number

releases

Number

(E)

%inthe

total

number

of

releases

Poland 85371 224.6 11232 13.2 74139 86.8 17757 24.0 50041 67.5 6341 8.6 NA NA NA NA 0 0.0

Portugal 5348 51.5 1125 21.0 4223 79.0 1718 40.7 2120 50.2 385 9.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Romania 14358 72.3 2697 18.8 11541 80.4 10278 89.1 890 7.7 373 3.2 13 0.1 10 76.9 107 0.7

RussianFed.

SanMarino 12 36.6 9 75.0 3 25.0 2 66.7 1 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Serbia 22356 314.2 7798 34.9 14481 64.8 1592 11.0 12104 83.6 785 5.4 32 0.1 13 40.6 45 0.2

SlovakRep. 6938 128.0 1177 17.0 5745 82.8 2041 35.5 3635 63.3 69 1.2 16 0.2 NA NA 0 0.0

Slovenia 2689 130.4 916 34.1 1771 65.9 305 17.2 442 25.0 946 53.4 2 0.1 2 100.0 0 0.0

Spain(total) 38212 82.3 8555 22.4 29657 77.6 8720 29.4 20546 69.3 391 1.3 437 1.1 137 31.4 0 0.0

Spain(StateAdm.) 32611 83.5 6946 21.3 25665 78.7 7586 29.6 18079 70.4 NA NA 152 0.5 137 90.1 0 0.0

Spain(Catalonia) 5601 75.7 1609 28.7 3992 71.3 1134 28.4 2467 61.8 391 9.8 285 5.1 NA NA 0 0.0

Sweden NA NA NA NA 8614 NA 6720 78.0 1894 22.0 NAP NAP 65 NA NA NA 28 ***

Switzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

theFYROMacedonia 2451 118.5 499 20.4 1908 77.8 534 28.0 433 22.7 941 49.3 14 0.6 9 64.3 30 1.2

Turkey 164714 212.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA NA 74551 NA 74551 100.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

UK:North.Ireland 4082 221.0 1949 47.7 1998 48.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA 93 2.3 NA NA 42 1.0

UK:Scotland 16700 311.8 7100 42.5 9600 57.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 157.2 30.2 64.8 35.1 50.7 7.9 1.0 43.0 3.5Median 135.1 25.3 66.5 32.0 56.1 1.8 0.5 20.0 0.3Minimum 36.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 400.5 76.3 99.7 100.0 97.6 65.0 5.1 100.0 38.8



NOTES–TABLE9

ALBANIAü Point(E):Correspondsto12deaths.

AUSTRIAü Point(C)isincludedinpoint(D).

AZERBAIJANü Point(C3):288prisonerswerepardonedand35prisonersonothergrounds.ü Point(E):136personsdiedand9prisonerswerereleasedduetoillness.

BELGIUMü Point(C.1):TheexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringisnotconsideredinBelgium

asareleasebutasacontinueddetentionunderaparticularregime.

ü Point(E):Inthe1648releases,areincluded:o Releasesof“internees”(seepoint(5)ofTable1.1,andnotestothetable),

o Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons(seepoint(6)ofTable1.1),

o PersonsplacedatthedisposaloftheCourtsofenforcementofsentences(seeTable5.2),

o JuvenilesheldintheFederalCentreforjuvenileoffenders(seepoint(2)ofTable1.1),

o Personsunderarrest,

o Persons under temporary suspended conditional release or probation (without

revocation),

o Inmateswithtemporarylegalstatusduetoatransferfromaforeigncountry.

ü Point (E-ADD): Deaths, escapes or other forms of releases when inmates are considered tocontinueservingtheirsentences(e.g.non-returnsfrompenitentiaryleave)arenotincludedin

the total number of releases. These events are not considered as “releases” while Belgian

internalcountingrulesareapplied.

BH:REPUBLIKASRPSKAü Point(C.3):Afternaturaldeath,4personswerereleasedfromservingtheirsentence.


ü Point(D1):Releasesofpersonssentencedforminoroffencesareincluded.ü Point (E): This includes a pardon by the President, the elimination of judgment, absolute

limitationofimprisonmentandextraordinarymitigationofthesentence,deaths.

CZECHREPUBLICü Point (D): Includesall typesof extraditionofpre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners to

foreigncountries.

ü Point(E):Othertypesofreleasesofpre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners:43deaths,90releasesrelatedtohealthreasons,and2pardons.

DENMARKü Point(E):23pardonsand4deaths(ofwhich2suicides).

FINLANDü Point(C.2):Includingfinedefaulters(1163).ü Point(C.3):Includes2prisonerswhohadservedtheremainingsentencedordered.ü Point(E):Includingdeaths(5),enforcementinterrupted(6),otherreasons(4).

GEORGIAü Thefiguresreferto31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ICELANDü Point(A):Totalnumberofreleases,fromprisons,half-wayhouse,alcoholictreatmentandfrom

electronicmonitoring.

ü Point (c.1):Total number of thosewhowere released on probation from prisons, half-wayhouse, alcoholic treatment and from electronic monitoring. [For information: 36 prisoners

startedservinginelectronicmonitoringin2015andmostofthemhaveservedinasatisfactory



mannerinahalfwayhousewhichisoneoftheconditionsforconsideringelectronicmonitoring

accordingtoExecutionofSentencesActNo.15/2016,Article33,theseprisonerswerereleased

onprobationlateron].

ü Point(c.3):Paymentoffinesthatleadtoreleaseof7prisonersafterservingprisontermsasanalternativetopayingfines.Oneprisonergotabreakfromservingaprisonsentence.

IRELANDü Point(B):1579bailreleasesand2137releasesbycourtdecision.ü Point(D):TOSPAnnualReport2015onJusticeWebsite-Netherlands(2),(UK(1)&Northern

Ireland(1).

ITALYü Point(E):Releasesofpersonsunder"securitymeasures".

LATVIAü Point(C.3):Underthisheadingareincludedthereleasesduetocommutationofsentenceand

duetotheapplicationoftheamnesty.

ü Point(E):Includesreleasesduetohealthreasons(includingtransferstopublichospitals,whichresultintotalsuspensionofthecustodialsentence).

LITHUANIAü Point(C.3):Othertypesofreleasesforsentencedprisoners:

o Dischargefromsentenceduetoillness(8);

o Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofappeal(102);

o Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofcassation(11);

o Individualpardons(1);

o Suspendedsentencesforjuveniles,art.92ofCriminalCode(8).

ü Point(E):Included39deathsand1escape(fromunguardedobjects).LUXEMBOURG

ü Point(C.1):Areincluded45conditionalreleasesand56anticipatedreleases.ü Point (C.3): Includes 3 releases due to division on prison sentence into instalments and 4

releasesafterthepaymentofthefine.ü Point(E):Includes9minorsand5releasesduetoillness.

MONACO

ü Point(E):Correspondstosuspendedsentences,splitsentencesandtransfers.MONTENEGRO

ü Point(E):4deathsand4interruptionofthesanction.THENETHERLANDS

ü Point (C.1): Leaves under Electronic Monitoring are not considered as “releases” in Dutchsystem.In2015therewere978personsreleasedearly,ofwhich691ofthemleftprisonwithout

specialconditions.

ü Point(E):Unknownwhetherreleasedasapre-trialorasentencedprisoner.ü Exitsbymeansofanescape/abscondarepartofourexits.

NORWAYü Point (C.3): Includes 3 inmates who died in prison and 4 outside of it, 220 expelled and 2

expelledonpetitionfromthehomecountry.

ü Point(E):Includes886finedefaultersand142escapes/evasions.SLOVENIA

ü Transfersfromonepenalinstitutiontoanotheronearecountedasreleases.


values.

ü Point(D)isincludedinPoint(C)asthedatacorrespondstoreleasesinordertotransferthepersontoaforeigncountrytocontinueservingthesentence.

ü Point(c3):OnlyreferstotheAutonomousregionofCatalonia.



ü Point(D.1):OnlyreferstotheGeneralStateAdministration.SWEDENGeneralnote:OnlythenumberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedispresentedinTable9.Dataonthepre-trialdetaineesreleasedisnotavailable.

ü Point(E):Includesdeparturesthatarenotconsideredreleases,e.g.deathsandotherreasonstoleave.

THEFYROMACEDONIAü Point(c.3):Includes:

o 58pardons,

o 109releasesafterthepaymentofafine,

o 72repetitionsofthejudgmentprocedure,

o 1judgmentabolished,

o According toLawon executionof the sanctions "Thedirectorof the institutionmay

dismiss the convicted person before the expiration of his sentence, if the convicted

personservedatleastthreequartersofthesentenceandifparolewasnotgrantedi.e.

upto30daysforimprisonmentofoneyear,upto90daysforimprisonmentoffiveyears

andupto120daysforimprisonmentoverfiveyears.",whichconcerns701inmates.ü Point(E):includes12deathsand18personsforwhomtheinstitutionalmeasurewasabolished

orarerefereeinahouseofcorrection.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

General note: All items taken Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (October-December 2015,Annualtables).

ü Points(A)&(B):Therearenorecordsonpre-trialreleases.ü Point(C): Is thenumberofreleasesofdeterminatesentenceprisoners(TableA3.1)plus the

numberofreleasesofindeterminatesentenceprisoners.

ü Point(C.1):AftertheintroductionofORA,thisfigureisthesameas10.2.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Point(E):Includesdetahs,releasedbyhospitalorderandtransfertoUKprison.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Figuresareestimatesbasedonadministrativedata.



TABLE10:TURNOVERRATIOOFINMATESIN2015


CountryTotalnumberofinmateson1stSeptember2014

Totalnumberofentriesin2015

(Table8)

Totalnumberofreleasesin2015

(Table9)

Turnoverratio(Estimatedexitrateper100potential

exits)

Albania 5440 6229 5562 47.7

Andorra 53 56 68 62.4

Armenia 3979 NA 1468 36.9

Austria 8857 11440 11413 56.2

Azerbaijan 22579 9493 7259 22.6

Belgium 13212 18668 18431 57.8

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 940 1056 1579 79.1

Bulgaria [7870] 5007 5412 42.0

Croatia 3763 7815 7737 66.8

Cyprus 681 1926 1380 52.9

CzechRep. 18658 11629 9315 30.8

Denmark 3583 11969 7824 50.3

Estonia 2962 1885 2077 42.9

Finland 3097 5671 5651 64.5

France 66494 92779 91199 53.5

Georgia 10233 7259 7954 45.5

Germany 65710 93685 NA NA

Greece 12006 12829 11501 46.3

Hungary 18270 21706 21154 52.9

Iceland 154 282 297 68.1

Ireland 3829 17206 17420 82.8

Italy 54252 45823 53369 53.3

Latvia 4809 12809 3668 20.8

Liechtenstein 8

Lithuania 8977 7674 NA NA

Luxembourg 656 949 873 54.4

Malta 571 528 526 47.9

Moldova 7166 10966 2819 15.5

Monaco 28 158 151 81.2

Montenegro 1058 2264 2041 61.4

Netherlands 9857 38499 38876 80.4

Norway 3718 9093 9017 70.4

Poland 77371 78781 85371 54.7

Portugal 14003 5567 5348 27.3

Romania 31637 12720 14358 32.4

RussianFed. 671027

SanMarino 4 11 12 80.0

Serbia 10288 22252 22356 68.7

SlovakRep. 10179 8462 6938 37.2

Slovenia 1522 2594 2689 65.3

Spain(total) 65931 35059 38212 37.8

Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 29768 32611 37.8

Spain(Catalonia) 9540 5291 5601 37.8

Sweden 5861 41243 NA NA

Switzerland 6923 53223 NA NA

theFYROMacedonia 3116 2450 2451 44.0

Turkey 151451 188764 164714 48.4

Ukraine 92290

UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 113798 NA NA

UK:North.Ireland 1860 3831 4082 71.7

UK:Scotland 7879 31300 16700 42.6

Average 52.3Median 52.9Minimum 15.5Maximum 82.8



NOTES–TABLE10

Table10showstheestimatedturnoverratio(per100inmateslikelytobereleased)foreachcountry.Thisratiocorrespondstotheestimatedexitrateper100potentialexits.

Rawdatausedforthecalculationsarethetotalprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2014(stock)which

wasretrievedfromtheSPACEI2014reportandthenumbersofentries(flowofentries)andreleases(flow

ofreleases)during2015weretakenfromTables8and9ofpresentreport.

Thesumofthestockandtheflowofentriesprovidesanestimationofthetotalnumberofinmateslikelyto

bereleasedduringtheyear(i.e.thepotentialexits).Thisnumberisthenputinrelationwiththeeffectivenumberofreleasesduring2015.

Wearefullyawarethat,fromatheoreticalpointofview,itwouldhavebeennecessarytousetheprison

populationon1stJanuary2015(insteadof1stSeptember2015),butthisfigureisnotavailable.

ARMENIAü Thereisnodefinitionof“entry”intheArmenianlegislation.

BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].

CYPRUSü Totalnumberofentriesinpenalinstitutionsin2016was7561,ofwhich1926wereentriesin

prisoninstitutionand5635wereentriesinpolicestations.GEORGIA

ü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.THENETHERLANDS

ü Entriesfollowinganescape/abscondarepartofthetotalnumberofentries.

POLANDü Figuresforthistableareon31stDecember2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

SLOVENIAü Inthetotalnumberofentriesareincludedtransfersfromonepenalinstitutiontoanother.


values.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Thetotalnumberofentriescorrespondstothesumoffirstreceptionsin2015(TableA2.1iof

Prisonreceptions:2015)andthenumberofoffendersrecalledandreturnedtocustodyduring

2015(Table5.1ofLicencerecalls:OctobertoDecember2015.BothfromOffenderManagement

StatisticsQuarterly(OctobertoDecember2015).ü Therearenorecordsonpre-trialreleases.



FIGURE4:COUNTRIESWITHLOWESTTURNOVERRATIOSIN2015

Figure4provides a classificationof the countrieswith the lowest turnover ratiosper100 inmates

during theyear2015.ThisFigure includes21countrieswhere the ratioswereabove theEuropeanmedianvalue(52.9%).InSPACEI2015,thenumberofcountriesbeinginthesamesituationwas19

(foramedianvalueof52.7%).Theverylowvaluesofturnoverratiosmightbecomeanindicatorofa

potentialovercrowding.Nevertheless,formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTables8and9should

betakenintoaccount.

15.5 20.8 22.6 27.3 30.8

32.4 36.9

37.2

37.8

37.8

37.8 42.0

42.6

42.9

44.0

45.5

46.3

47.7

47.9

48.4 50.3

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 %

Moldova

Latvia

Azerbaijan

Portu

gal

CzechRepublic

Romania

Armenia

SlovakRepublic

Spain(Catalonia)

Spain(Total)

Spain(State

Administration)

Bulgaria

UK:S

cotland

Estonia

theFYRO

Macedonia

Georgia

Greece

Albania

Malta

Turkey

Denm

ark

European Mean=52.3

European Median=52.9



TABLE11.A:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2015,BASEDONTHE

TOTALNUMBEROFDAYSSPENTINPENALINSTITUTIONS


Country

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2015

Averagenumber

ofinmatesin2015

Totalnumber

ofentriesin2015

Indicatorof

averagelengthofimprisonment

Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2015

Averagenumber

ofdetaineesinpre-trial

detentionin2015

Numberof

entriesbeforefinal

sentencein2015

Indicatorof

averagelengthofpre-trialimprisonment

Numberofdaysspentininst.forjuvenilesin2015

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)Albania 2183065 5981 6229 11.5 107925 296 5132 1 32485

Andorra 17168 47 56 10.1 7318 20 19 13 0

Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Austria 3242090 8882 11440 9.3 639480 1752 8476 2 44844

Azerbaijan NA NA 9493 NA NA NA 9418 NA NA

Belgium 4029849 11041 18668 7.1 1277073 3499 11085 4 NAP

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 335070 918 1056 10.4 31755 87 106 10 4015

Bulgaria NA NA 5007 NA 327924 898 1754 6 NA

Croatia NA NA 7815 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Cyprus 237250 650 1926 4.0 NA NA 980 NA NA

CzechRep. 7291481 19977 11629 20.6 740954 2030 4412 6 41555

Denmark 1248884 3422 11969 3.4 459207 1258 NA NA NAP

Estonia 890692 2440 1885 15.5 92497 253 1129 3 5890

Finland 1043535 2859 5671 6.0 217905 597 2015 4 NAP

France 24392355 66828 92779 8.6 6107342 16732 51140 4 91693

Georgia NA NA 7259 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Germany 23052580 63158 93685 8.1 NA NA NA NA NA

Greece NA NA 12829 NA NA NA 4212 NA NA

Hungary 11526518 31580 21706 17.5 NA NA 7076 NA NA

Iceland 51929 142 282 6.1 5442 15 135 1 NAP

Ireland 1359460 3725 17206 2.6 181894 498 3294 2 5479

Italy 19361402 53045 45823 13.9 6644354 18204 36448 6 NA

Latvia NA NA 12809 NA NA NA 8424 NA NA

Liechtenstein

Lithuania 2932045 8033 7674 12.6 499320 1368 5088 3 50005

Luxembourg 244675 670 949 8.5 110102 302 645 6 652

Malta 205220 562 528 12.8 NAP *** 322 *** NAP

Moldova 2887515 7911 10966 8.7 474500 1300 4366 4 9256

Monaco 12207 33 158 2.5 4342 12 158 1 266

Montenegro 449521 1232 2264 6.5 105854 290 747 5 0

Netherlands 3429540 9396 38499 2.9 1449050 3970 13734 3 0

Norway 1367045 3745 9093 4.9 365043 1000 3664 3 NAP

Poland 18135069 49685 78781 7.6 NA NA 12076 NA NA

Portugal 5132630 14062 5567 30.3 847895 2323 2448 11 80665

Romania 12984927 35575 12720 33.6 320187 877 NAP *** 581978

RussianFed.

SanMarino 637 2 11 1.9 550 2 8 2 0

Serbia 3622710 9925 22252 5.4 NA NA NA NA NA

SlovakRep. NA NA 8462 NA NA NA 2984 NA NA

Slovenia 534004 1463 2594 6.8 80427 220 686 4 6518

Spain(total) 23554267 64532 35059 22.1 2964473 8122 2313 42 NAP

Spain(StateAdm.) 20226475 55415 29768 22.3 2533465 6941 NA NA NAP

Spain(Catalonia) 3327792 9117 5291 20.7 431008 1181 2313 6 NAP

Sweden 1972707 5405 41243 1.6 585289 1604 32662 1 NAP

Switzerland 2549723 6986 53223 1.6 663141 1817 15701 1 NA

theFYROMacedonia 1286770 3525 2450 17.3 136219 373 205 22 15551

Turkey NA NA 188764 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA 113798 NA NA NA 51855 NA NA

UK:North.Ireland 618605 1695 3831 5.3 153807 421 2720 2 12400

UK:Scotland 2794805 7657 31300 2.9 545310 1494 17900 1 184325

Average 9.8 4.2

Median 7.8 3.4 Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 33.6 21.8



NOTES–TABLE11.A

ThecalculationsmadeinTable11.aarebasedonthefollowinginputs:

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal

institutionsin2013

Averagenumberofinmatesin2015

Totalnumberofentriesin2013

Indicatorofaveragelengthof

imprisonment

Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2015

Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2015

Numberofentries

beforefinalsentencein

2013

Indicatorofaverage

lengthofpre-trial

imprisonment

(Table8) (inmonths) (Table9) (inmonths)

(a)(b)=a/365

(c) (d)=12(b/c) (e) (f)=e/365 (g) (h)=12(f/g)

Column(i)inTable11.Aispresentedonlyforinformationandwasnotusedforanycalculation.

BELGIUMü Thenumberofdaysspentindetentiondoesnotincludedetentionunderelectronic

surveillance.Thenumberofdaysofdetentionunderelectronicsurveillancein2015is688926.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point (a):The totalnumberofdaysspent inpenal institutionsdefined inamanner that the

averagedailynumberofconvicted,detainedandjuvenileswhowasinthepenalinstitutionsof

theRepublicofSrpskaduring2015multipliedbythenumberofdaysoftheyear.

CYPRUSü Point(a):Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2015(incl.pre-trialdetention):

• 237250daysinPrisonand17025inpolicestations.

ü Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentwascalculatedonlyforprisoninstitutionwithoutpolicestations.

FINLANDü Point(a):Arenotincluded76285daysspentinsupervisedprobationaryfreedom.

GEORGIAü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

ICELANDü Point(e):Ofwhich789daysinisolation.

IRELANDü Point (a): Calculations are based on the average total number of inmates (3 722) for 2015,

multipliedby365days.

ü Point(e):Calculationsarebasedontheaveragetotalnumberofpre-trialdetainees(498)for2015,multipliedby365days.

ü Point(i):Forjuvenileoffenders,thesameproceedingwasappliedbasedontheaverageof15juveniledetainees.

THENETHERLANDSü Point(a):1942895daysareforsentencedprisonersandof37595daysitisunknownwhether

theyarespentbypre-trialorsentencedprisoners.

PORTUGALü Point(a):Calculationsarebasedontheaveragetotalnumberof inmates(14062) for2015,

multipliedby365days.

ü Point(e):Calculationsarebasedontheaveragetotalnumberofpre-trialdetainees(2323)for2015,multipliedby365days.

ü Point(i):Forjuvenileoffenders,thesameproceedingwasappliedbasedontheaverageof211juveniledetainees.


values.



UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Point (e)and (i):For Juveniles relates to the financialyear2014/15aspublished inofficial

statistics



TABLE11.B:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2015,BASEDONTHE

TOTALSTOCKOFINMATESINPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2015

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2016.11.B

CountryTotalnumberofinmateson

1stSeptember2015(SPACEI2015)

Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2015

(Table8)

Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonment(inmonths)

Albania 5981 6229 11.5

Andorra 52 56 11.1

Armenia 3888 NA NA

Austria 9037 11440 9.5

Azerbaijan 24197 9493 30.6

Belgium 12841 18668 8.3

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 877 1056 10.0

Bulgaria 7583 5007 18.2

Croatia 3341 7815 5.1

Cyprus 654 1926 4.1

CzechRep. 20866 11629 21.5

Denmark 3203 11969 3.2

Estonia 2768 1885 17.6

Finland 3007 5671 6.4

France 65544 92779 8.5

Georgia 10242 7259 16.9

Germany 63628 93685 8.2

Greece 9646 12829 9.0

Hungary 17773 21706 9.8

Iceland 282

Ireland 3746 17206 2.6

Italy 52389 45823 13.7

Latvia 4399 12809 4.1

Liechtenstein 8

Lithuania 8022 7674 12.5

Luxembourg 667 949 8.4

Malta 528

Moldova 7813 10966 8.5

Monaco 158

Montenegro 1100 2264 5.8

Netherlands 9002 38499 2.8

Norway 3664 9093 4.8

Poland 78781

Portugal 14222 5567 30.7

Romania 28642 12720 27.0

RussianFed. 642470

SanMarino 2 11 2.2

Serbia 10064 22252 5.4

SlovakRep. 10087 8462 14.3

Slovenia 1399 2594 6.5

Spain(total) 64017 35059 21.9

Spain(StateAdm.) 55085 29768 22.2

Spain(Catalonia) 8932 5291 20.3

Sweden 5770 41243 1.7

Switzerland 6884 53223 1.6

theFYROMacedonia 3498 2450 17.1

Turkey 173522 188764 11.0

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 86193 113798 9.1

UK:North.Ireland 1690 3831 5.3

UK:Scotland 7746 31300 3.0

Average 9.8Median 7.8Minimum 0.0Maximum 30.7



TABLE12:ESCAPESFROMPENALINSTITUTIONSDURING2015


Country

Numberofescapesin2015(a)

Totalnumberofinmateson1st

September2015,SPACEI2015

Rateofescapesper10000prisoners

Otherformsofescapein2015

(b)

Rateofotherformsofescapes

per10000inmates

Albania 0 5981 0.0 0 0.0

Andorra 0 52 0.0 0 0.0

Armenia 1 3888 2.6 1 2.6

Austria 4 9037 4.4 15 16.6

Azerbaijan 0 24197 0.0 1 0.4

Belgium 1 12841 0.8 NA NA

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 2 877 22.8 9 102.6

Bulgaria 15 7583 19.8 30 39.6

Croatia 2 3341 6.0 42 125.7

Cyprus 0 654 0.0 0 0.0

CzechRep. 1 20866 0.5 13 6.2

Denmark 5 3203 15.6 70 218.5

Estonia 2 2768 7.2 4 14.5

Finland 10 3007 33.3 299 994.3

France 27 65544 4.1 651 99.3

Georgia 0 10242 0.0 0 0.0

Germany 7 63628 1.1 257 40.4

Greece 3 9646 3.1 53 54.9

Hungary 1 17773 0.6 7 3.9

Iceland 0 4

Ireland 2 3746 5.3 13 34.7

Italy 7 52389 1.3 110 21.0

Latvia 0 4399 0.0 3 6.8

Liechtenstein 0 8 0.0 0 0.0

Lithuania 1 8022 1.2 10 12.5

Luxembourg 0 667 0.0 10 149.9

Malta 0 NA 4 NA

Moldova 0 7813 0.0 2 2.6

Monaco 0 0

Montenegro 2 1100 18.2 5 45.5

Netherlands 2 9002 2.2 336 373.3

Norway 12 3664 32.8 118 322.1

Poland 0 NA 0 NA

Portugal 2 14222 1.4 48 33.8

Romania 2 28642 0.7 17 5.9

RussianFed. 0 642470 0.0 0 0.0

SanMarino 0 2 0.0 0 0.0

Serbia 1 10064 1.0 29 28.8

SlovakRep. 0 10087 0.0 1 1.0

Slovenia 0 1399 0.0 52 371.7

Spain(total) 1 64017 0.2 840 131.2

Spain(StateAdm.) 1 55085 0.2 676 122.7

Spain(Catalonia) 0 8932 0.0 164 183.6

Sweden 3 5770 5.2 97 168.1

Switzerland 3 6884 4.4 329 477.9

theFYROMacedonia 66 3498 188.7 91 260.1

Turkey 13 173522 0.7 0 0.0

Ukraine

UK:Engl.&Wales 0 86193 0.0 0 0.0

UK:North.Ireland 0 1690 0.0 NA NA

UK:Scotland 10 7746 12.9 12 15.5

Average 8.5 97.2Median 1.0 16.6Minimum 0.0 0.0Maximum 188.7 994.3



NOTES–TABLE12

ü Escapesbyinmates(convictedprisonersorpre-trialdetaineesunderthesupervisionoftheprison

administration)fromaclosedpenalinstitutionorduringanadministrativetransfer(forexample,

to/fromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital)during2015.

ü Otherformsofescape(abscondingorrunningoff):Examplesareescapesfromopeninstitutions

(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-term

absence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutionsduring2015.

The SPACE I questionnaire specifies that the counting unit for Table 12 should be the escaped person.Therefore,whennoexplicitnoteswereprovidedby thenational correspondents,weassumed that this

countingunithasbeenrespected(i.e.Table12referstopersonsandnottocasesofescapeinvolvingseveralprisoners).

DENMARKü Closedinstitutionsmeans7unitsand40localprisons.

ü Point(b):Ofwhich55abscondingfromopenprisons.Thisfiguredoesnotincludefailtoappearfromleave.

FINLANDü Point(b):Includes42abscondsfromopenprisonsand29abscondsfromopeninstitutions(e.g.

hospitals),and228failurestoreturnintimefromleaves.

FRANCEü Points (a) & (b): Corresponds to the number of escapes (not the number of inmates who

escaped).IRELAND

ü Point(b):11detainnesescapedfromSheltonAbbeyand2fromLoughanHouse.MONTENEGRO

ü Point(b):1escape fromopen institution(e.g.work farms)and4escapesduringauthorizedshort-termabsenses(orleaves)fromalltypeofinstitutions(includingclosedinstitutions)

ROMANIAü Point(b):Ofwhich6escapeattempts,5evasions,5abandonmentsand1leakattempt.

UK:SCOTLANDü Thereare10caseswherecauseofdathisnotrecordedpendingafatalaccidentinquiry.



TABLE13:DEATHSINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2015(BYTYPEOFREGISTEREDDEATH)


Country

Totalnumberofdeathsin

penalinstitutionsin2015

Ofwhich TypeofdeathTotalnumberofinmateson1stSeptember

2015

Mortalityrateper10,000inmates

Pre-trialdetainees

%pre-trialdetainees Females %females Homicides %

homicides Suicides %suicides

Othercauses(incl.illness)

%other

Albania 12 4 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 16.7 10 83.3 5981 20.1Andorra 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 52 0.0Armenia 28 5 17.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 10.7 25 89.3 3888 72.0Austria 34 9 26.5 2 5.9 0 0.0 6 17.6 28 82.4 9037 37.6Azerbaijan 136 18 13.2 2 1.5 1 0.7 7 5.1 128 94.1 24197 56.2Belgium 44 NA *** NA *** NA *** 16 36.4 NA *** 12841 34.3BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 4 1 25.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 100.0 877 45.6Bulgaria 43 4 9.3 2 4.7 0 0.0 7 16.3 36 83.7 7583 56.7Croatia 12 3 25.0 2 16.7 0 0.0 1 8.3 11 91.7 3341 35.9Cyprus 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 654 0.0CzechRep. 43 12 27.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 13 30.2 30 69.8 20866 20.6Denmark 4 2 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 50.0 2 50.0 3203 12.5Estonia 4 1 25.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 100.0 2768 14.5Finland 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 66.7 1 33.3 3007 10.0France 234 58 24.8 8 3.4 3 1.3 101 43.2 130 55.6 65544 35.7Georgia 12 2 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 16.7 10 83.3 10242 11.7Germany 146 NA *** 5 3.4 NA *** 66 45.2 NA *** 63628 22.9Greece 40 4 10.0 2 5.0 3 7.5 5 12.5 32 80.0 9646 41.5Hungary 61 7 11.5 6 9.8 0 0.0 5 8.2 56 91.8 17773 34.3Iceland 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0Ireland 14 3 21.4 1 7.1 1 7.1 1 7.1 12 85.7 3746 37.4Italy 108 39 36.1 4 3.7 0 0.0 39 36.1 69 63.9 52389 20.6Latvia 17 5 29.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 17.6 14 82.4 4399 38.6Liechtenstein 8 Lithuania 39 4 10.3 1 2.6 3 7.7 8 20.5 28 71.8 8022 48.6Luxembourg 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 667 15.0Malta 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 100.0 0.0Moldova 49 NA *** 2 4.1 0 0.0 5 10.2 44 89.8 7813 62.7Monaco 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Montenegro [6] 2 33.3 0 0.0 [0] 0.0 [1] 16.7 [3] 50.0 1100 [54.5]Netherlands 32 13 40.6 0 0.0 1 3.1 11 34.4 20 62.5 9002 35.5Norway NA NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** NA *** 3664 NAPoland 106 15 14.2 3 2.8 0 0.0 20 18.9 86 81.1 Portugal 67 0 0.0 1 1.5 2 3.0 11 16.4 54 80.6 14222 47.1Romania 113 18 15.9 6 5.3 0 0.0 11 9.7 102 90.3 28642 39.5RussianFed. 642470 0.0



SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0Serbia 61 NA *** NA *** 1 1.6 10 16.4 50 82.0 10064 60.6SlovakRep. 18 4 22.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 27.8 13 72.2 10087 17.8Slovenia 5 2 40.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 3 60.0 2 40.0 1399 35.7Spain(total) 208 25 12.0 11 5.3 1 0.5 30 14.4 177 85.1 64017 32.5Spain(StateAdm.) 155 23 14.8 8 5.2 1 0.6 23 14.8 131 84.5 55085 28.1Spain(Catalonia) 53 2 3.8 3 5.7 0 0.0 7 13.2 46 86.8 8932 59.3Sweden 8 2 25.0 1 12.5 0 0.0 3 37.5 5 62.5 5770 13.9Switzerland 24 10 41.7 NA *** 14 58.3 10 41.7 0 0.0 6884 34.9theFYROMacedonia 13 1 7.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 92.3 3498 37.2Turkey 429 54 12.6 11 2.6 5 1.2 43 10.0 9 2.1 173522 24.7Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 257 NA *** 8 3.1 8 3.1 90 35.0 159 61.9 86193 29.8UK:North.Ireland 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 NA *** NA *** NA *** 1690 11.8UK:Scotland 24 8 33.3 1 4.2 0 0.0 2 8.3 12 50.0 7746 31.0Average 17.1 3.0 2.2 18.3 63.4 28.7Median 15.4 0.7 0.0 15.6 80.3 31.0Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 50.0 20.0 58.3 66.7 100.0 72.0



TABLE13.1:SUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2015


Country

Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2015

Suicides %suicides

Ofwhich:Total

numberofinmateson

1stSeptember

2015

Suiciderate

per10000inmates

Numberoffemales

%offemale

suicidesinthetotalnumberofsuicides

ofpre-trialdetainees

%ofpre-trial

detaineesuicidesinthetotalnumberofsuicides

Albania 12 2 16.7 0 0.0 1 50.0 5981 3.3Andorra 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 52 0.0Armenia 28 3 10.7 NA *** NA *** 3888 7.7Austria 34 6 17.6 0 0.0 6 100.0 9037 6.6Azerbaijan 136 7 5.1 0 0.0 4 57.1 24197 2.9Belgium 44 16 36.4 NA *** NA *** 12841 12.5BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 877 0.0Bulgaria 43 7 16.3 0 0.0 2 28.6 7583 9.2Croatia 12 1 8.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 3341 3.0Cyprus 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 654 0.0CzechRep. 43 13 30.2 0 0.0 8 61.5 20866 6.2Denmark 4 2 50.0 0 0.0 2 100.0 3203 6.2Estonia 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2768 0.0Finland 3 2 66.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 3007 6.7France 234 101 43.2 6 5.9 47 46.5 65544 15.4Georgia 12 2 16.7 0 0.0 2 100.0 10242 2.0Germany 146 66 45.2 2 3.0 NA NA 63628 10.4Greece 40 5 12.5 0 0.0 1 20.0 9646 5.2Hungary 61 5 8.2 0 0.0 2 40.0 17773 2.8Iceland 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0Ireland 14 1 7.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 3746 2.7Italy 108 39 36.1 2 5.1 19 48.7 52389 7.4Latvia 17 3 17.6 0 0.0 3 100.0 4399 6.8Liechtenstein 8 Lithuania 39 8 20.5 0 0.0 2 25.0 8022 10.0Luxembourg 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 667 0.0Malta 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Moldova 49 5 10.2 NA *** NA *** 7813 6.4Monaco 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Montenegro [6] [1] [16.7] 0 0.0 0 0.0 1100 [9.1]Netherlands 32 11 34.4 0 0.0 6 54.5 9002 12.2Norway 3664 Poland 105 20 18.9 NA *** NA *** Portugal 67 11 16.4 1 9.1 0 0.0 14222 7.7Romania 113 11 9.7 0 0.0 2 18.2 28642 3.8RussianFed. 642470 SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0Serbia 61 10 16.4 NA *** NA *** 10064 9.9SlovakRep. 18 5 27.8 0 0.0 2 40.0 10087 5.0Slovenia 5 3 60.0 1 33.3 2 66.7 1399 21.4Spain(total) 208 30 14.4 4 13.3 5 16.7 64017 4.7Spain(StateAdm.) 155 23 14.8 3 13.0 5 21.7 55085 4.2Spain(Catalonia) 53 7 13.2 1 14.3 0 0.0 8932 7.8Sweden 8 3 37.5 0 0.0 1 33.3 5770 5.2Switzerland 24 10 41.7 NA *** 9 90.0 6884 14.5theFYROMacedonia 13 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3498 0.0Turkey 429 43 10.0 1 2.3 15 34.9 173522 2.5Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 257 90 35.0 5 5.6 NA *** 86193 10.4UK:North.Ireland 2 NA NA NA *** NA *** 1690 NAUK:Scotland 24 2 8.3 0 0.0 2 100.0 7746 2.6Average 2.3 31.7 5.5Median 0.0 21.7 5.1Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 33.3 100.0 21.4



TABLE13.2:TYPESOFDEATHSANDSUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2015


Country

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedorcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Numberoffemales

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedoutsideprison(e.g.duringaprisonleaveorperiodofabsencebypermission)?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Numberoffemales

Albania Yes 2 0 No 0 0Andorra No *** *** No *** ***Armenia Yes 9 0 No *** 0Austria Yes 10 0 Yes 0 0Azerbaijan Yes 2 0 Yes 31 0Belgium Yes NA NA Yes NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska Yes 1 0 Yes 3 0Bulgaria Yes 6 0 Yes 13 1Croatia Yes 0 0 No *** ***Cyprus Yes 1 0 No *** ***CzechRep. Yes 8 0 Yes 3 0Denmark No *** *** No *** ***Estonia Yes 3 0 Yes 0 0Finland No *** *** No *** ***France Yes 67 0 No *** ***Georgia No *** *** No *** ***Germany No *** *** No *** ***Greece Yes 32 0 No *** ***Hungary Yes 9 1 Yes 0 0Iceland Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Ireland No *** *** No *** ***Italy Yes NA *** No *** ***Latvia No *** *** No *** ***Liechtenstein Lithuania Yes 4 0 Yes 0 0Luxembourg Yes 1 0 Yes 0 0Malta Yes 2 0 Yes 0 0Moldova No *** *** No *** ***Monaco Yes 0 0 No *** ***Montenegro Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Netherlands Yes 5 0 Yes 6 0Norway Poland Yes 27 0 Yes 0 0Portugal Yes 0 0 No *** ***Romania Yes 31 2 No 3 0RussianFed. SanMarino Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Serbia Yes 11 NA Yes 0 NASlovakRep. Yes 7 0 No *** ***Slovenia Yes 0 0 Yes 2 0Spain(total) Yes 65 2 No *** ***Spain(StateAdm.) Yes 59 2 No *** 0Spain(Catalonia) Yes 6 0 Yes 22 1

Sweden Yes 4 1 Yes 1 0Switzerland Yes NA NA Yes NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes 0 Yes 2 0Turkey NA NA NA NA NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales Yes 103 NA No *** ***UK:North.Ireland Yes 1 0 No *** ***UK:Scotland Yes NA NA Yes NA NA



NOTES–TABLES13,13.1AND13.2

BELGIUM

ü Table 13: Due to medical secrecy, institutions do not always know the cause of death ofprisonerswhodiedoutsidetheprison.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)

ü 4deaths:Onediedinacorrectionalfacilityformamyocardialinfarctionandthreeinlocalhealthinstitutionswithnaturaldeath

GEORGIA

ü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.

LUXEMBOURG

ü Afemaleinmatediedduringtheplacementunderelectronicsupervision,butastheseinmatesarenotcountedinthetotalnumberofinmates,theyarealsonotcountedinthetotalnumberofinmateswhodied.

MONTENEGROWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].

PORTUGAL

ü Table13.2:Includespre-trialdetaineesandprisonerswhodiedbutonlywheninacivilianhospital.

SPAIN(TOTAL)

ü Table13.2:FortheGeneralStateAdministration,personsconsideredasprisonerswhodiedoutsideprison(e.g.duringaprisonleaveorperiodofabsencebypermission)arenotincludedin the totalnumberof inmateswhodied.However, for theAutonomousRegionofCatalonia,personsconsideredasprisonerswhodiedoutsideprison(e.g.duringaprisonleaveorperiodofabsencebypermission)areincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonerswhodied(22ofwhich1female).

THEFYROMACEDONIA

ü Table13:Thedeathofthepre-trialdetaineewasattributedtonaturalcauses.

UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Causesnotestablishedin2deaths.



In2015,theaverage(mean)rateofsuicidesinEuropewas5.5whichislowestvalueobservedsince2011(2011:7.7;2012:11.2;2013:7.6;2014:7.0).

Thehighestsuiciderates(ofmorethan15suicidesper10000inmates)in2015wereobservedintwocountries:FranceandSlovenia.In2014,therewerePortugal,NorwayandCypruswithveryhighvalues.Thehighestrates(ofmorethan5)arepresentedintheFfurebelow.

FIGURE5:SUICIDERATEPER10000INMATESIN2015

5.2

5.2 6.

2

6.2 6.4 6.6

6.7 6.8 7.4 7.7

7.7

7.8 9.

1 9.2 9.9

10.0 10.4

10.4

12.2

12.5

14.5 15.4

21.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

European Average:5.5European Median:5.1



TABLE14:EXPENSESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2015(IN€)

Row-data:a) Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2015;b) -//-inpre-trialdetentionin2015(€/day);c) -//-inthecorrectionalfacilityin2015(€/day);d) -//-inthespecialfacility/sectionforpersonswithpsychiatricdisordersin2015(€/day);e) -//-inaninstitutionforjuvenileoffendersin2015(€/day);f) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2015(incl.pre-trialdetention);g) Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2015;h) Numberofdaysspentininstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersin2015;

Calculated:i) Generalaverageamountperinmate=mean(b,c,d,e);j) Averageamountperinmate(pre-trial&sentenced)=mean(b,c);k) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallpre-trialdetaineesin2015=b*g;l) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforalljuvenileinmatesin2015=e*h;m) Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallcategoriesofinmatesin2015=(mean[b,c,d,e])*f.

n) TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationin2015(rawdataprovidedbythePrisonAdministrations)

o) Doesyourdataforthetotalbudgetincludethestaffnotemployedbytheprisonadministration?


Country (a) Ofwhich: (f) Ofwhich: (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o)(b) (c) (d) (e) (g) (h)

Albania 13.93€ 15.1€ 11.93€ 19.32€ 43.22€ 2183065 107925 32485 22.39€ 13.51€ 1628588.25€ 1404001.70€ 48878825.35€ 31963585.00€ Andorra 173.76€ 173.8€ 173.76€ 0.00€ 173.76€ 17168 7318 0 130.32€ 173.76€ 1271575.68€ NA 2237333.76€ 3393035.21€ Armenia 11.10€ 11.0€ 11.16€ NAP 11.48€ NA NA NA 11.22€ 11.10€ NA NA NA 15599500.00€ NoAustria 123.12€ NA NA 228.67€ NA 3242090 639480 44844 228.67€ NA NA NA 741368720.30€ 459967678.00€ YesAzerbaijan 12.09€ 12.1€ 12.00€ NA 36.00€ NA NA NA 20.05€ 12.07€ NA NA NA 79404498.00€ NoBelgium 4029849 1277073 NAP BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 30.00€ 30.0€ 30.00€ NAP 30.00€ 335070 31755 4015 30.00€ 30.00€ 952650.00€ 120450.00€ 10052100.00€ 13379283.00€ NoBulgaria 57.11€ 57.1€ 17.09€ NA 81.83€ NA 327924 NA 52.01€ 37.10€ 18727739.64€ NA NA 65993077.51€ NoCroatia 45.07€ 44.9€ 53.87€ 81.93€ 103.09€ NA NA NA 70.94€ 49.36€ NA NA NA 64461747.84€ NoCyprus 73.63€ 73.6€ 73.63€ 73.63€ 73.63€ 237250 NA NA 73.63€ 73.63€ NA NA 17468717.50€ 17468717.50€ NoCzechRep. 44.50€ NA NA NA NA 7291481 740954 41555 NA NA NA NA NA 44879667.00€ Denmark 197.00€ 161.0€ 208.00€ NAP NAP 1248884 459207 NAP 184.50€ 184.50€ 73932327.00€ NA 230419098.00€ 432600000.00€ Estonia 43.17€ NAP NAP NAP NAP 890692 92497 5890 NA NA NA NA NA 45050756.00€ NoFinland 187.80€ NA NA 240.00€ NAP 1043535 217905 NAP 240.00€ NA NA NA 250448400.00€ 199304000.00€ YesFrance 106.13€ 94.2€ 111.46€ NA 530.01€ 24392355 6107342 91693 245.22€ 102.83€ 575311616.40€ 48598206.93€ 5981574600.95€ 2588760636.00€ YesGeorgia NA 5.6€ 5.62€ 5.62€ 5.62€ NA NA NA 5.62€ 5.62€ NA NA NA NA NAGermany 131.60€ NA NA NA NA 23052580 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3003759572.35€ YesGreece 30.15€ NA NA 24.02€ 56.04€ NA 0 0 40.03€ NA NA NA NA 115969594.62€ NoHungary 38.41€ NA NA 41.07€ NA 11526518 NA NA 41.07€ NA NA NA 473394094.26€ 250109613.00€ Yes



Country (a) Ofwhich: (f) Ofwhich: (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o)(b) (c) (d) (e) (g) (h)

Iceland 196.00€ 196.0€ 196.00€ NAP NAP 51929 5442 NAP 196.00€ 196.00€ 1066632.00€ NAP 10178084.00€ 10213128.00€ NoIreland 188.00€ 188.0€ 188.00€ 188.00€ 188.00€ 1359460 181894 5479 188.00€ 188.00€ 34196072.00€ 1030052.00€ 255578480.00€ 332182000€ Italy 147.76€ NA NA NA NA 19361402 6644354 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2822106157.31€ NoLatvia 24.62€ NA NA NA 81.30€ NA NA NA 81.30€ NA NA NA NA 41010604.00€ NoLiechtenstein Lithuania 18.61€ 22.9€ 17.66€ NAP 57.13€ 2932045 499320 50005 32.56€ 20.28€ 11434428.00€ 2856785.65€ 95477158.68€ 64737000.00€ NoLuxembourg 222.09€ 222.1€ 222.09€ NAP NAP 244675 110102 652 222.09€ 222.09€ 24452553.18€ NA 54339870.75€ 54339400.00€ NoMalta 51.00€ 51.0€ 51.00€ 51.00€ 51.00€ 205220 NAP NAP 51.00€ 51.00€ NA NA 10466232.75€ 11164122.00€ NoMoldova 6.00€ 6.0€ NAP NAP 35.00€ 2887515 474500 9256 20.50€ 6.00€ 2847000.00€ 323960.00€ 59194057.50€ 18197277€ NoMonaco 81.20€ 81.2€ 81.20€ 841.92€ 81.20€ 12207 4342 266 271.38€ 81.20€ 352570.40€ 21599.20€ 3312735.66€ 688032.67€ NoMontenegro 19.00€ 19.0€ 19.00€ NA NA 449521 105854 NA 9.50€ 19.00€ 2011226.00€ NA 4270449.50€ 7558080.58€ Netherlands 250.00€ 240.0€ 240.00€ 412.00€ 638.00€ 3429540 1449050 NA 382.50€ 240.00€ 347772000.00€ NA 1311799050.00€ 769748176.00€ NoNorway 344.00€ NAP NAP NAP NAP 1367045 365043 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 464000000.00€ NoPoland 23.90€ 23.9€ 23.90€ NA NA 18135069 NA NA 11.95€ 23.90€ NA NA 216714074.55€ NA Portugal 41.07€ NAP NAP NAP NAP 5132630 847895 80665 NA NA NA NA NA 263544773.00€ NoRomania 24.64€ NA 24.88€ NA 20.29€ 12984927 320187 581978 22.59€ 24.88€ NA 11808333.62€ 293264576.30€ 257627534.00€ NARussianFed. SanMarino 707.92€ 707.9€ 707.92€ NA NA 637 550 NA 353.96€ 707.92€ 389356.00€ NA 225472.52€ 450947.58€ Serbia 18.69€ 18.0€ 17.80€ 25.03€ 44.54€ 3622710 NA NA 26.35€ 17.91€ NA NA 95449351.73€ 67708444.00€ YesSlovakRep. 40.53€ NA NA NA 36.42€ NA NA NA 36.42€ NA NA NA NA 156346951.00€ NoSlovenia 62.00€ NA NA NA NA 534004 80427 6518 NA NA NA NA NA 33288376.00€ NoSpain(total) 65.67€ NA NA NA NA 23554267 2964473 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 1546951180.19€ Spain(StateAdm.) NA NA NA NA NA 20226475 2533465 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 1122251180.19€ Spain(Catalonia) 133.17€ NA NA NA NA 3327792 431008 NAP NA NA NA NA NA 424700000.00€ YesSweden 359.00€ 380.0€ NA NA NAP 1972707 585289 NAP 380.00€ 380.00€ 222409820.00€ NA 749628660.00€ 718287018.00€ YesSwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA 2549723 663141 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA theFYROMacedonia 13.30€ 10.5€ 19.00€ NA 14.00€ 1286770 136219 15551 14.50€ 14.75€ 1430299.50€ 217714.00€ 18658165.00€ 17095000.00€ NoTurkey 21.01€ 21.0€ 21.01€ NA 21.01€ NA NA NA 21.01€ 21.01€ NA NA NA 1012810373.93€ Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2151950000.00€ UK:North.Ireland NA NA NA NA NA 618605 153807 12400 NA NA NA NA NA 118031580.00€ NoUK:Scotland 140.00€ 140.0€ 140.00€ NAP 140.00€ 2794805 545310 184325 NA NA NA NA NA 459329630.00€ NoAverage 108.59€ 111.33€ 103.00€ 159.44€ 106.36€ 124.02€ 107.68€ 77658026.71€ 6034645.74€ 464817012.73€ Median 51.00€ 51.00€ 40.50€ 62.32€ 53.52€ 51.00€ 37.10€ 2847000.00€ 323960.00€ 77321704.61€ Minimum 6.00€ 5.62€ 5.62€ 0.00€ 5.62€ 5.62€ 5.62€ 352570.40€ 0.00€ 450945.04€ Maximum 707.92€ 707.92€ 707.92€ 841.92€ 638.00€ 707.92€ 707.92€ 575311616.40€ 48598206.93€ 5981574600.95€



TABLE14.A:CATEGORIESINCLUDEDINTHECALCULATIONOFCUSTODIALEXPENSESIN2015,INTABLE14

ü 14.1Securityü 14.2Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)ü 14.3Services(incl.maintenance,utilities,maintenanceofinmaterecords,reception,assignment,transportation,etc.)ü 14.4Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures)ü 14.5Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)ü 14.6Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,etc.)ü 14.7Other


Country 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7

Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoAndorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoAustria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAzerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoBelgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska NA NA NA NA NA NA NABulgaria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCroatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCyprus Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCzechRep. Yes yse Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDenmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Estonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoFinland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFrance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGeorgia No Yes Yes No Yes No NoGermany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGreece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoHungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoIceland Yes No Yes Yes Yes No YesIreland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesItaly Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoLatvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLiechtenstein

Lithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No YesLuxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoMalta Yes No Yes No Yes Yes NoMoldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMonaco Yes Yes Yes No Yes No YesMontenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNetherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNorway Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes NoPoland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAPortugal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoRomania NA NA NA NA NA NA NARussianFed.

SanMarino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoSerbia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSlovakRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSlovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(total) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(StateAdm.) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(Catalonia) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTurkey NA NA NA NA NA NA NAUkraine

UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA NA NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUK:Scotland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No



NOTES–TABLES14AND14.A

DataincludedinTable14arenotalwaysfullycomparableacrosscountries.Inordertoensuremorereliablecomparisons,wepresentinTable14.Athecategorieswhichareincludedinthecalculationofthecustodialexpenses by each country. Nevertheless, these figures should be used cautiously not only because thedefinitionofthecategoriesmaydifferfromonecountrytoanother,butalsobecausethepurchasingpowervarieswidelyacrossEurope.

ANDORRA

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Foodandconferences.BH:REP.SRPSKA

ü Eachpenitentiaryinstitution,withinitsbudget,plansanddisposesoffundsforitsneeds.CROATIA


ü Table14o Thedatashowsthedirectcostsofprisoners.Theyincludenutrition,accommodation,

treatmentandmedication,feesforinmates,suppliesandfuel.o (Pointe):Juvenileswitheducationalmeasureincorrectionalinstitution.

CZECHREPUBLICü Exchangeraterelatesto3rdAugust2017.

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Salariesoftheuniformedandcivilianstaff,retirementpensionsand

retirement benefits for former uniformed staff, sickness benefits of the uniformed staff,renovationandmodernizationofmovablepropertyandimmovable;securityatcourtandpublicprosecutionbuildings; ITservicesandequipment;hygienic items forprisoners;antidrugandcrimepreventionprogrammes.

DENMARKü Table 14 (point a): In Denmark the prisons are divided in low-security and high-security

facilities.Theaverageamountspentperdayofdetentioncoversboth low-securityandhigh-securityfacilities.

FINLANDü Table14.A(point14.7):Inthiscategoryarealsoincludedrentalcosts.

FRANCEü Table14point(e):Theexpensesofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersincludethecostsborne

by the Judicial Youth Protection Directorate inherent in the functioning of this type ofestablishments(staffandoperating).

GEORGIA

ü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2015.GERMANY

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Buildingandmaterialcosts.ICELAND

ü Table14.A(point14.6):Includestrainingandsubstanceabuseprogramms.ü Table14.A(point14.7):Thetotalbudgetincludesalsosomecostsregardingservingsentences

outsideprisonssuchasinhalfwayhouse,electronicmonitoringandcommunityservicebutthecostisnotsignificant.

IRELAND

ü Table14(pointa):CostofanavailablestaffedprisonspaceinYear2015was€68,628,Divideby365=€187.83(€188.00).

ITALYü Table14.A(point14.2):OnlyforSicilyregion.



LATVIAü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Taxes and duties: repairs andmaintenance costs, capital repairs,

construction,etc.LITHUANIA

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Maintenanceandrepaircosts(partially)andeducation.MALTA

ü Table14.A:CostsincludefinancialhelptoNGO'sforRe-IntegrationandCorrectionalServices.THENETHERLANDS

ü FiguresincludedinTable14refertotheadultprisonsystem.

ü Table14:• Point(a):Thisfigureisaroughestimationonthebasisofthepoints(b),(c)and(d);• Point(b):PriceofabasicplaceinaHouseofDetention(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(c):Priceofaclosedprisonplace(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(d):Priceofaplaceinoneofthe5PsychiatricPenitentiaryComplexeswhichare

meantforpre-trialandsentencedprisoners(includingoverheadcosts);ü Juvenileprisonersandpeoplebeingtreatedincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorderarenot

included.ThereforealltheamountsfortheseadditionalcategoriesarepresentedintheTable14onlyforinformation.

NORWAYü The decrease in budgetcomparing to previous years is largely due to the development in

currencyNoKvsEURO.ROMANIA

ü Table 14.A (points 14.1 to 14.7): In the calculation of the expenses in 2015, were areconsidered staff salaries, expenditures on goods and services (food for prisoners, utilitariancosts, current repairs etc.), costs for health insurance of prisoners and capital expenditure(constructionworks,independentequipment),financingoftheNon-RefundableExternalFundandtheDefenseHealthInsuranceFund,thePublicOrder,theNationalSecurityandtheJudicialAuthority«CASAOPSNAJ".Theseexpensesweredividedbythetotalnumberofdaysofdetentionfor2015.

SERBIA(REPUBLICOF)

ü Table14.A:Academiceducationcostsnotincluded.SLOVAKREPUBLIC

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Retirementbenefitsforprisonofficersandcivilemployees,sicknessbenefitforprisonofficersandcivilemployees,monetarycontributiononnaturalbelongingforprisonofficers,allowanceandtravelexpensesafterreleasefrompre-traildetentionexecutionandfromprisonsentenceexecution.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Table 14.A (point 14.2): It is included exclusively the Security of the Headquarters of the

General Secretariat of Penitentiary Institutions. The actions of the Prisons InfraestructuresSociety areNot included.Neither are included theexpensesof theStateSecurityForcesandBodies,inchargeoftheperimetersecurityandthetransfersofprisoners.

ü TotalfigurespresentedinTable14werenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.

SWEDENü Table14(pointa):Thecalculationof theaverageamountspentper inmate isbasedonthe

expenses for both pre-trial and sentenced inmates. There are no special prisons for remanddetainees.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthispopulationseparately.

ü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Under this heading are included the categories of overhead forHeadquarterandregionalOffices,depreciations,costsforfacilities.



THEFYROMACEDONIA

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedallexpensesmadeforconveyingtheprisonerstocourtortootherprison,aswellascapitalinvestmentfornewbuildings.

UK:ENGLAND&WALESü Convertiontoeuroson7thDecember2017.ü Figures provided for the financial year 2015-2016 (available at

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/prison-performance-statistics-2015-to-2016).UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Convertiontoeuroson7thDecember2017.ü Table14:

• Point(a):Thecostfortheprisonestateis£158,thisdoesNotincludetheCostofunder18s.

• Point(n):FiguresforthePrisonEstaterefertothefinancialyear2015/16andfiguresrelatingtotheYouthJusticeAgencyrefertothefinancialyear2014/15.

UK:SCOTLANDü Theaverageamountspentperdayisarolling3yearaverageoftheaveragecostperprisoner

place, calculated on a resource accounting basis (including depreciation and impairmentcharges). A3yearrollingaverageispresentedtosmooththeeffectsofincludingimpairmentchargeswhichcansignificantlyaffectthevalueofasingleyear'saveragecostofaprisonplace).Source: ScottishPrisonService annual accounts2014-15 to2016-17.Exchange rate£1=1.38euros.



C. Prison Staff



TABLE15:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE),ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(NUMBERSANDPERCENTAGES)


CountryTotalnumber

ofstaff

Doesthetotal

numberofstaff

includethestaff

Notemployedby

theprison

administration?

Totalnumber

ofstaff-

employedby

prison

administration

%ofstaff

employedby

theprison

administration

Totalnumber

ofstaff–not

employedby

prison

administration

%ofstaffnot

employedby

theprison

administration

Albania 4156 No 4156 100.0 NAP NAPAndorra 81 Yes 65 80.2 16 19.8Armenia 2191 Yes 2191 100.0 0 0.0Austria 3724.84 No 3724.84 100.0 NAP ***Azerbaijan NA NA NA *** NA ***Belgium NA NA NA *** NA ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 885 NA 7 0.8 878 99.2Bulgaria 3454 No 3454 100.0 NAP ***Croatia 2623 No 2623 100.0 NAP ***Cyprus 384 No 384 100.0 NAP ***CzechRep. 10979.0 Yes 10974.0 100.0 5.0 0.0Denmark 4454 No 4454 100.0 NAP ***Estonia 1314.4 Yes 1235.3 94.0 79.1 6.0Finland 2325 No 2325 100.0 NAP ***France 38299.0 Yes 36696.4 95.8 1602.6 4.2Georgia 3740 Yes 3740 100.0 0 0.0Germany 38098 Yes 36344 95.4 1754 4.6Greece 4479 No 4479 100.0 NAP ***Hungary 8441 No 8441 100.0 NAP ***Iceland 115.1 No 115.1 100.0 NAP ***Ireland 3264.440 No 3264.440 100.0 NAP ***Italy 42174 Yes 42145 99.9 29 0.1Latvia 2867 Yes 2628 91.7 239 8.3Liechtenstein Lithuania 3419 No 3419 100.0 NAP ***Luxembourg 439.75 No 439.75 100.0 0.0 0.0Malta 263 Yes 259 98.7 4 1.3Moldova 2732 No 2732 100.0 NAP ***Monaco 56 Yes 55 98.2 1 1.8Montenegro 467 NA 467 100.0 0 0.0Netherlands 9938.8 No 9938.8 100.0 NAP ***Norway 4230.5 Yes 3857.5 91.2 373 8.8Poland 29196 No 29196 100.0 NAP ***Portugal 6299 No 6299 100.0 NAP ***Romania 12237 No 12237 100.0 NAP ***RussianFed. SanMarino 9 Yes 5 55.6 4 44.4Serbia 4066 Yes 3994 98.2 72 1.8SlovakRep. 5468 No 5468 100.0 NAP ***Slovenia 828 No 828 100.0 NAP ***Spain(total) 24328 NA 24328 100.0 NA ***Spain(StateAdm.) 18704 No 18704 100.0 NA ***Spain(Catalonia) 5624 Yes 5624 100.0 0 0.0Sweden 7327 No 7327 100.0 NAP ***Switzerland 4370 Yes 4169 100.0 201 4.8theFYROMacedonia 854 No 854 100.0 NAP ***Turkey NA NA 57371 *** NA ***Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 43060 No 43060 100.0 NAP ***UK:North.Ireland 1560.07 No 1560.07 100.0 NAP ***UK:Scotland 5609 Yes 4378 78.1 1231 21.9Average 94.8 7.4

Median 100.0 0.1

Minimum 0.8 0.0

Maximum 100.0 99.2



NOTES–TABLE15

AUSTRIAü The total number of staff does not include staff not employed by the prison administration.

Nevertheless,therewere255.68staffworkinginsidepenalinstitution(notemployedbyprisonadministration).

AZERBAIJAN

ü Accordingtothelegislation,thesedataareclassifiedassecretinformation.CYPRUS

ü The total number of staff does not include staff not employed by the prison administration.Nevertheless, therewere 19 staff working inside penal institution (not employed by prisonadministration).

CZECHREPUBLICü The total number of staff includes 32 civilians on long term sickness leave and 13 female

uniformedstaffonmaternityleave.ü The total number of staff does not include 100members of uniformed staff as reserve (not

permanentlyatwork),106civiliansonmaternity/familyleaveand6civiliansnotworkingforotherreasons.

DENMARK

ü Probationofficialsareincludedinthetotalnumberofstaff.ü Thestaffthatisprovisionallynotfulfillingtheirtasksforseenforthem(maternity,education,

compulsarymilitaryservice in theDefenceForces, temporaryassignment toanotherservice,etc.)isnotincludedinthetotalnumberofstaff.

FINLANDü FiguresaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbytheprisonadministation

intheyear2016.GEORGIA

ü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü ThetotalnumberallocatedforregularappointmentavailableattheMinistry(thedataincludes

contractedemployees)is4106units.Thenumberofcurrentstaffincludes:o Penitentiaryestablishments–1933employees.o PenitentiaryDepartment–1006employees.o OfficeoftheMinistry-297employees.o MedicalDepartment-508employees.o Contractedstaff-152employees.

GERMANYü Thenumberofpart-timeemployeeswasrecalculatedinthenationalstatisticstoreflectthefull-

timeequivalent.Therefore,thenumberofemployeeswasnotsimplyaddedtogether;rather,thepart-timepositionswerecombinedtomake"positionsequivalenttofulltime".

LITHUANIAü Figuresforthistableareon1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü The total number of staff does not include staff not employed by the prison administration.

Nevertheless, therewere459 staffworking insidepenal institution (not employedbyprisonadministration).

LUXEMBOURGü Figureforthetotalnumberofstaffincludepersonshiredunderthestatusof“state

employees”.PORTUGAL

ü Full-timeandpart-timestaffemployedbythePenitentiaryAdministration(excludingthosenotdependentonthePenitentiaryAdministration)asat31December2016.



ü ThetotalstaffeffectincludesthestaffassignedtothePrisonAdministrationandtheProbationandInsertionServicesincludingthoselistedinTables5ofSPACEII-PersonnelEmployedbyProbationServicesorWorkingforProbationServantson31December2016.

ROMANIAü Staffonmaternityleave(115persons)arealsoincludedinthefigures.

UK:ENGLAND&WALES

ü Figuresforthistableareon30thSeptember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü StaffingfiguresinthissectioncoverpublicsectorprisonsinEnglandandWalesonlyand

excludeprivatelyrunprisons.ü TotalnumberofstaffrepresentstotalFTEstaffworkingatNationalOffenderManagement

Service(NOMS)(asof1April2017,NOMSwasreplacedbyHerMajesty'sPrisonandProbationService,HMPPS).

ü DuetoroundingofFTEnumbers,thesumofthepartsdonotequalthetotalstaffamounts.UK:SCOTLAND

ü PleasenotethatFTEfiguresforstaffnotemployedbytheprisonadministrationarenotavailable.



TABLE16:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE),EMPLOYEDBYPRISONADMINISTRATION,ON1

ST

SEPTEMBER2016(NUMBERS)


Country

Totalnumberofstaff(employed

byprisonadministration)

Totalnumberof

staffworkingoutsidepenal

institution

Ofwhich:

Totalnumberof

staffworking

insidepenalinstitutions

Ofwhich:

Staffatthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice)

Staffinregionalprison

administrationoffices

Otherstaffworkingoutsidepenal

institutions

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff

dedicatedsolelytothe

custodyofinmates(a)

Othercustodialexcludingcustodialstaff

alreadyincludedinitem(a)

Medicalandparamedical

staff

Staffresponsibleforassessmentand

thepsychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocial

workers,teachers/educators,etc.)(b)

Staffresponsible

forworkshopsorvocationaltrainingexcludingstaffalreadyincludedinitem(b)

Otherstaff

Albania 4156 656 192 421 43 3500 23 2082 988 259 8 140 0 0Andorra 65 2 2 0 0 63 2 57 0 2 0 1 0 1Armenia 2191 172 172 NAP NAP 2019 96 1364 655 164 49 38 NAP 308Austria 3724.84 22.00 22 NAP NAP 3702.84 28 3017.5 0.0 86.2 58.7 2 NA 510.4Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 7 7 7 NAP NAP NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABulgaria 3454 NAP 101 298 NA 3454 19 2397 324 115 30 145 25 Croatia 2623 NAP 42 NAP NAP 2581 33 1587 NAP 122 9 212 228 390Cyprus 384 0 0 0 0 384 7 377 0 0 0 0 0 0CzechRep. 10974.0 1245.0 172.0 NAP 1073.0 9729.0 108 5735 156 423.0 1302.0 NAP 112.0 1893Denmark 4454 1242 232 300 710 3212 32 2194 0 109 NA 144 314 416Estonia 1235.3 NAP NAP NAP NAP 1235.3 10.0 483 94 80.40 20.89 7 NAP 589.9Finland 2325 234 73 102 59 2091 62 1363 NA 0 NA 214 178 274France 36696.4 6671.0 398.7 1296.9 4975.4 30025.4 510.6 27689 NA NA NA 3483.6 56.4 NAGeorgia 3740 648 [313] NA NA 2421 [43] [360] [0] [488] NA NA NA NAGermany 38098 36344 376 NAP 373 3 35968 432 NAP 15284 1498 751 365 3519Greece 4479 29 29 0 0 4450 33 3862 0 89 26 70 0 370Hungary 8441 459 306 NAP 153 7982 65 3456 4461 462 406 28 490 3075Iceland 115.1 22.3 16.3 6 0 92.8 3 77 0 NAP 2.3 2 10 2.8Ireland 3264.440 295.210 107.43 46.28 141.50 2969.230 54 2232.5 143.0 128.0 21.8 366.0 23.9Italy 42145 3606 1628 1108 870 38539 206 NA NA NAP 8 939 NAP 2548Latvia 2628 178 178 NAP NAP 2450 34 1717 0 124 191 33 8 343Liechtenstein Lithuania 3419 394 94 NAP 300 3025 32 1895 NAP 283 40 206 11 558Luxembourg 439.75 6.00 6 0 0 433.75 5 320.25 0 1 5.25 18.5 30.75 53Malta 259 5 [0] NAP NAP 254 [4] [229] [0] [0] [3] [1] [8] [0]Moldova 2732 [276] [131] [2325] NAP 2325 17 799 NAP 250 30 123 65 1041.0Monaco 55 0 0 0 0 55 [2] [5] [30] [3] [2] [1] [2] [1]



Country

Totalnumberofstaff(employed

byprisonadministration)

Totalnumberof


institution

Ofwhich:

Totalnumberof

staffworking

insidepenalinstitutions

Ofwhich:





institutions

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff


custodyofinmates(a)




staff

Staffresponsibleforassessmentand

thepsychologists



Staffresponsible

forworkshopsorvocationaltrainingexcludingstaffalreadyincludedinitem(b)

Otherstaff

Montenegro 467 30 3 0 27 437 [4] [125] [312] [16] [3] [19] [40] [230]Netherlands 9938.8 1789.7 274.4 617.2 898.2 8149.1 130.7 1977.2 3217.6 249.0 82.5 194.7 618.2 1679.3Norway 3857.5 235.3 98.2 101.4 35.7 3622.2 146.8 2674.3 530.9 NAP NAP NAP NAP 270.3Poland 29196 1292 384 488 420 27904 1715 14052 1582 1631 2736 211 5977Portugal 6299 1328 496 606 226 4971 [48] [3891] [153] NA NA [270] NA NARomania 12237 658 287 NAP 371 11579 726 2132 1988 648 83 460 0 5542RussianFed. SanMarino 5 NAP *** *** *** 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0Serbia 3994 73 73 3921 39 2296 NA 264 295 NA 438 589SlovakRep. 5468 520 164 NAP 356 4948 53 3023 NAP 297 59 26 NAP 1490Slovenia 828 55 55 0 0 773 52 496 13 7 70 88 47Spain(total) 29952 769 561 79 129 29183 481 18339 1263 806 1869 821 5604Spain(StateAdm.) 24328 364 364 NA NA 23964 416 15031 915 579 1430 592 5001Spain(Catalonia) 5624 405 197 79 129 5219 65 3308 348 227 439 229 603Sweden 7327 1239 738 56 445 6088 302 4371 0 109 32 234 327 713Switzerland 4169 NA NA NA NA NA 404 2101 NA 267 616 NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 854 25 25 NA NA 829 35 159 384 18 34 40 15 144Turkey 57371 [705] [305] [17058] [88] [53589] [1283] [27060] [9471] [756] [574] [501] [6582] [3673]Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 43060 12103 2217 1194 8692 30957 166 17794 4673 527 1218 6582UK:North.Ireland 1560.07 112.09 96.29 0.00 15.80 1447.97 34 1207.55 0.00 0.54 19.80 17.8 0.00 168.28UK:Scotland 5609 4378 375 286 397 NAP 4003 97 3192 NAP NAP 55 NAP NA



TABLE16.1:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE),EMPLOYEDBYPRISONADMINISTRATION,ON1

ST

SEPTEMBER2016(PERCENTAGES)


Country

Staff(notemployedbyprison

administration)inthetotalnumberof

staff

Staffworkingoutsidepenalinstitutioninthetotal

numberofstaffnotemployedbytheprisonadminstration

Ofwhich:Staffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsin

thetotalnumberofstaffnot

employedbytheprison

adminstration

Ofwhich:

Staffatthenationalprison

administration(HeadOffice)inthetotalnumberofstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution


administrationofficesinthetotalnumberofstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution

Otherstaffworking

outsidepenalinstitutionsinthetotal

numberofstaffworking

outsidepenalinstitution

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff

dedicatedsolelytothecustodyofinmates(a)

Othercustodialexcludingcustodial

staffalreadyincludedinitem(a)

Medicalandparamedicalstaff

Staffresponsibleforassessment

andthepsychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities

(includingsocialworkers,teachers/

educators,etc.)(b)

Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining

excludingstaffalready

includedinitem(b)

Otherstaff

Albania 100.0 15.8 29.3 64.2 6.6 84.2 0.7 59.5 28.2 7.4 0.2 4.0 0.0 0.0Andorra 80.2 3.1 100.0 0.0 0.0 96.9 3.2 90.5 0.0 3.2 0.0 1.6 0.0 1.6Armenia 100.0 NAP *** *** *** 92.1 4.8 67.6 32.4 8.1 2.4 1.9 NAP 15.3Austria 100.0 0.6 100.0 NAP NAP 99.4 0.8 81.5 0.0 2.3 1.6 0.1 NAP 13.8Azerbaijan NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Belgium BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0.8 100.0 100.0 *** *** 0.0 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Bulgaria 100.0 NAP *** *** *** 100.0 0.6 69.4 9.4 3.3 0.9 4.2 0.7 0.0Croatia 100.0 NAP *** *** *** 98.4 [1.3] [61.5] NAP [4.7] [0.3] [8.2] [8.8] [15.1]Cyprus 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1.8 98.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0CzechRep. 100.0 11.3 13.8 NAP 86.2 88.7 1.1 58.9 1.6 4.3 13.4 NAP 1.2 19.5Denmark 100.0 27.9 18.7 24.2 57.2 72.1 1.0 68.3 0.0 3.4 NAP 4.5 9.8 13.0Estonia 94.0 NAP *** *** *** 100.0 0.8 39.1 7.6 6.5 1.7 0.6 NAP 47.7Finland 100.0 10.1 31.2 43.6 25.2 89.9 3.0 65.2 NAP 0.0 NAP 10.2 8.5 13.1France 95.8 18.2 6.0 19.4 74.6 81.8 1.7 92.2 NAP NAP NAP 11.6 0.2 NAPGeorgia 100.0 17.3 [48.3] NA NA [64.7] [1.8] NA NA [20.2] NA NA NA NAGermany 95.4 1.0 NA 99.2 0.8 99.0 1.2 NA 42.5 4.2 2.1 1.0 9.8 36.5Greece 100.0 0.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 99.4 0.7 86.8 0.0 2.0 0.6 1.6 0.0 8.3Hungary 100.0 5.4 66.7 NAP 33.3 94.6 0.8 43.3 55.9 5.8 5.1 0.4 6.1 38.5Iceland 100.0 19.4 73.1 26.9 0.0 80.6 3.2 83.0 0.0 NAP 2.5 2.2 10.8 3.0Ireland 100.0 9.0 36.4 15.7 47.9 91.0 1.8 75.2 4.8 4.3 0.7 0.0 12.3 0.8Italy 99.9 8.6 45.1 30.7 24.1 91.4 0.5 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 2.4 NAP 6.6Latvia 91.7 6.8 100.0 NAP NAP 93.2 1.4 70.1 0.0 5.1 7.8 1.3 0.3 14.0Liechtenstein Lithuania 100.0 11.5 23.9 NAP 76.1 88.5 1.1 62.6 NAP 9.4 1.3 6.8 0.4 18.4Luxembourg 100.0 1.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 98.6 1.2 73.8 0.0 0.2 1.2 4.3 7.1 12.2Malta 98.7 1.9 [0.0] NAP NAP 98.1 [1.6] [90.2] [0.0] [0.0] [1.2] [0.4] [3.1] [0.0]Moldova 100.0 10.1 [47.5] [842.4] NAP 85.1 [0.7] [34.4] NAP 10.8 1.3 5.3 2.8 44.8Monaco 98.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 3.6 9.1 54.5 [5.5] [3.6] [1.8] [3.6] [1.8]



Country

Staff(notemployedbyprison

administration)inthetotalnumberof

staff

Staffworkingoutsidepenalinstitutioninthetotal

numberofstaffnotemployedbytheprisonadminstration

Ofwhich:Staffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsin


employedbytheprison

adminstration

Ofwhich:

Staffatthenationalprison

administration(HeadOffice)inthetotalnumberofstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution



Otherstaffworking

outsidepenalinstitutionsinthetotal

numberofstaffworking

outsidepenalinstitution

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff

dedicatedsolelytothecustodyofinmates(a)

Othercustodialexcludingcustodial

staffalreadyincludedinitem(a)

Medicalandparamedicalstaff


andthepsychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities

(includingsocialworkers,teachers/

educators,etc.)(b)



includedinitem(b)

Otherstaff

Montenegro 100.0 6.4 10.0 0.0 90.0 93.6 [0.9] [28.6] [71.4] [3.7] [0.7] [4.3] [9.2] [52.6]Netherlands 100.0 18.0 15.3 34.5 50.2 82.0 1.6 24.3 39.5 3.1 1.0 2.4 7.6 20.6Norway 91.2 6.1 41.7 43.1 15.2 93.9 4.1 73.8 14.7 NAP NAP NAP NAP 7.5Poland 100.0 4.4 29.7 37.8 32.5 95.6 6.1 50.4 5.7 5.8 9.8 0.8 0.0 21.4Portugal 100.0 NAP *** *** *** 78.9 [1.0] [78.3] [3.1] [0.0] [0.0] [5.4] [0.0] [0.0]Romania 100.0 5.4 43.6 NAP 56.4 94.6 6.3 18.4 17.2 5.6 0.7 4.0 0.0 47.9RussianFed. SanMarino 55.6 NAP *** *** *** 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 98.2 1.8 100.0 0.0 0.0 98.2 1.0 58.6 0.0 6.7 7.5 0.0 11.2 15.0SlovakRep. 100.0 9.5 31.5 NAP 68.5 90.5 1.1 61.1 NAP 6.0 1.2 0.5 NAP 30.1Slovenia 100.0 6.6 100.0 0.0 0.0 93.4 6.7 64.2 0.0 1.7 0.9 9.1 11.4 6.1Spain(total) 100.0 3.2 73.0 10.3 16.8 120.0 1.6 62.8 0.0 4.3 2.8 6.4 2.8 19.2Spain(StateAdm.) 100.0 1.9 100.0 NAP NAP 128.1 1.7 62.7 0.0 3.8 2.4 6.0 2.5 20.9Spain(Catalonia) 100.0 7.2 48.6 19.5 31.9 92.8 1.2 63.4 0.0 6.7 4.3 8.4 4.4 11.6Sweden 100.0 16.9 59.6 4.5 35.9 83.1 5.0 71.8 0.0 1.8 0.5 3.8 5.4 11.7Switzerland 95.4 NA NA NA NA 0.0 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***theFYROMacedonia 100.0 2.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 97.1 4.2 19.2 46.3 2.2 4.1 4.8 1.8 17.4Turkey NA [1.2] [43.3] [2419.6] [12.5] [93.4] [2.4] [50.5] [17.7] [1.4] [1.1] [0.9] [12.3] [6.9]Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 100.0 28.1 18.3 9.9 71.8 71.9 0.5 57.5 15.1 0.0 1.7 3.9 0.0 21.3UK:North.Ireland 100.0 7.2 85.9 0.0 14.1 92.8 2.3 83.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 0.0 11.6UK:Scotland 78.1 8.6 76.3 105.9 NA 91.4 2.4 79.7 NA NA 1.4 NA NA 6.5Average 94.8 10.9 52.5 143.9 31.4 88.0 2.1 63.2 11.9 4.2 2.3 3.4 4.2 14.9Median 100.0 7.0 45.1 17.6 25.2 93.2 1.4 64.7 0.0 3.7 1.2 2.4 2.6 12.6Minimum 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 100.0 100.0 2419.6 90.0 128.1 6.7 100.0 71.4 20.2 13.4 11.6 12.3 52.6




ANDORRAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].ARMENIA

ü Othercustodialstaffincludesmedicalandparamedicalstaff,staffresponsibleforassessementandpsychologists,staffresponsibleforeducationactivitiesandstaffresponsibleforworkshopsandvocationaltraining.

BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].CROATIA

ü Executivesonlyincludemanagersandassistantmanagers.ü Someofthestaffresponsibleforeducationalactivitiesisalsoresponsiblefortheassessmentand

someofthemisarepsiychologists.CZECHREPUBLIC

ü The figure for “other staffworking outside penal institution” (1073) includesPrison ServiceAcademystaff(49)andJudicialGuardsservingatcourtbuildings.

ü Staffresponsibleforassessementandpsychologistsandstaffresponsibleforeducationactivitiesare all treatment specialists such as special pedagogues, psychologists, social workers,therapists,educatorsetc.

ü Thefigurefor“custodialstaffdedicatedsolelytocustody”includesalluniformedstaffworkingatprisonfacilities(exceptforpreventionandcomplaintofficers).Thestaff includeperimetersecurityguards,officersatgates,prisonguards,drivers,escortteammembers,K9unitmembers,shiftcommanders,headsofsecuritydepartments,headsofdepartmentsofsentenceexecutionandheadsofpre-trialdetentiondepartments.

ü Thefigurefor“othercustodialstaff”includespreventionandcomplaintofficers.ü Thefigurefor“otherstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitution”(1839)includesadministrativeand

supportstaffandchaplains.DENMARK

ü Probationofficialsareincludedinthetotalnumberofstaff.ü Thestaffthatisprovisionallynotfulfillingtheirtasksforseenforthem(maternity,education,

compulsarymilitaryservice in theDefenceForces, temporaryassignment toanotherservice,etc.)isnotincludedinthetotalnumberofstaff

FINLANDü FiguresaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbytheprisonadministation

intheyear2016.ü Thefigurefor“custodialstaffdedicatedsolelytocustody”ncludeswholecustodialstaff.ü Medicalandparamedicalstaffisnotanymoreemployedbytheprisonadministration.

GEORGIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].

ü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü ThetotalnumberallocatedforregularappointmentavailableattheMinistry(thedataincludes

contractedemployees)is4106units.Thenumberofcurrentstaffincludes:



o Penitentiaryestablishments–1933employees.o PenitentiaryDepartment–1006employees.o OfficeoftheMinistry-297employees.o MedicalDepartment-508employees.o Contractedstaff-152employees.

GERMANYü Thenumberofpart-timeemployeeswasrecalculatedinthenationalstatisticstoreflectthefull-

timeequivalent.Therefore,thenumberofemployeeswasnotsimplyaddedtogether;rather,thepart-timepositionswerecombinedtomake"positionsequivalenttofulltime".

ü In Germany, the execution of prison sentences falls within the remit of the federal Länder,thereforethereisno"nationalprisonadministration-Headoffice"inthenarrowsense.

ü Thestaffworking in the"IntermediateGeneralPrisonService" ismainly,butnotexclusively,responsibleforthesupervisionandcareoftheprisoners.

ü Staffresponsibleforeducationactivitiesincludesthestaffworkinginthe"educationalservice"departmentandvocationalteachers.

ü Staffresponsibleforworshopsandvocationaltrainingincludesthestaffworkinginthe"prisonworkservice"departmentandinthe"socialservice"department.Thestaffofthe"prisonworkservice"departmentruntheworkshopsprovidedbythelaberunitwithinaprisonfacility.Thoseworking for the "social services" department are responsible for providing information,counsellingandmotivationtoinmates:withregardtotheprisonplananddesign,incopingwithvariouspsycho-socialproblems,inexpandingsocialcompetenceandexploringnewpatternsofconduct,andpreparingforrelease.

ICELANDNote:Thenewprison,Hólmsheiði,wasnottakenintouseuntil15November2016butthestafffromtwoclosedprisonscarriedonworkinginthenewprison.

ü Staffresponsibleforassessementandpsychologistsandstaffresponsibleforeducationactivitiesarealreadycountedonthefiguraaboutthetotalnumberofstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitution.

ITALYü Theadministrationcannotprovidedetailsrelevanttothenumberofworkers"dedicatedsolely

tothecustodyofinmates".Indeed,thoseassignmentsfallwithintheinternalresponsibilityofeverysingleprisonGovernorandcannotbesurveyedatcentrallevel.

LITHUANIAü Figuresforthistableareon1stJuly2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.

LUXEMBOURGü Figureforthetotalnumberofstaffincludepersonshiredunderthestatusof“state

employees”.MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].MOLDOVAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].MONACOWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].



MONTENEGROWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].NORWAY

ü Thefigurefor“otherstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionincludesadministrativestaff.PORTUGALWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].

ü Thefigurefor“executives”onlyincludesdirectors,deputydirectors(87)arenotincluded.ü Medicalandparamedicalstaffaswellasstaffresponsibleforassessementandpsychologistare

employedbyprivatecompanies,notbytheprisonadministration.ü Thefigurefor“staffresponsibleforeducationactivities”includesprobationstaff.

ROMANIAü Staffonmaternityleave(115persons)arealsoincludedinthefigures.ü The total number of staff working outside penal institutions includes staff at the following

institutions: National Training School of Prison Officers of Târgu Ocna; Training Center forPrison Officers of Arad; Vocational Training and Recruitment Center of Sovata, ProfessionalTraining Center and Recreation of Prison Staff of Amara; Professional Training Center andRecreation Staff of Rodbav Prison; "Flamingo" Hotel of south Eforie; and Procurement,ManagementandRepairCenterofBucharest.

ü The figure for “custodial staff solely dedicated to custody” only includes surveilliance staffworkinginsidethepenitentiaryinstitution.

ü Thefigurefor“othercustodialstaff” includesall theotherstaffcomeintodirectcontactwithprisoners(egescort,perimetersurveillance,staffwhoregisterdetaineesatetheirentry,etc.).

ü Staffresponsivbleforeducationactivitiesincludesstaffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining.

ü Thefigurefor“otherstaffworkinhinsidethepenalinstitution”referstostaffintheeconomicandadministrativesector.

SLOVAKREPUBLICü Staffatthenationalprisonadministration:StaffoftheGeneralDirectorateoftheCorpsofPrison

andCourtGuard.ü Otherstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution:Staffensuringtheprotectionoforderandsecurity

incourtpremisesandprosecutorofficeinordertopreserveundisturbedproceedingsbeforethecourtsandsafetyofpersons;staffprovidingtraining,educationforprisonstaff.

ü Executives:Prisondirector,deputyprisondirector.ü Staff responsible for assessement and psychologists: Psychologists performing

psychodiagnosticactivityandpsychologistsprovidingpsychologicalservices.ü Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities:Socialworkers.ü Otherstaffworking insidepenal institutions:Eg.accountants,personnelstaff, staffproviding

logisticsandservicesetc.TURKEYWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].UK:ENGLAND&WALES

ü Figuresforthistableareon30thSeptember2016insteadof1stSeptember2016.ü StaffingfiguresinthissectioncoverpublicsectorprisonsinEnglandandWalesonlyandexclude

privatelyrunprisons.



ü Total number of staff represents total FTE staff working at National Offender ManagementService(NOMS)(asof1April2017,NOMSwasreplacedbyHerMajesty'sPrisonandProbationService,HMPPS).

ü FigureforstaffatthenationalprisonadministrationreferstothosestaffworkinginNOMSHQ.ü Figure for staff in regional administrationoffices refers to those staffworking inNOMSarea

services.ü Figure for other staffworking outside penal instituation refers to those staffworking at the

NationalProbationService.ü DuetoroundingofFTEnumbers,thesumofthepartsdonotequalthetotalstaffamounts.ü Number of executive (senior managers) refers to those staff working in the Prison Service

specificallyasaNonOpSeniorManagersorUnifiedSeniorManager.ü NumberofcustodialstaffreferstothosestaffworkinginthePrisonServicespecificallyasaband

3-4PrisonOfficer(incl.specialists),band4supervisingofficerorband5custodialmanager.ü NumberofothercustodialstaffreferstothosestaffworkinginthePrisonServicespecificallyas

aband2operationalsupport.ü Number of psychologists refers to those staff working in the Prison Service specifically in

Psychology.ü NumberonstaffresponsibleforeducationalactivitiesreferestothosestaffworkinginthePrison

ServicespecificallyasanInstructionalOfficer.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Please note that FTE figures for staff not employed by the prison administration are notavailable.



TABLE17:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE),NOTEMPLOYEDBYPRISONADMINISTRATION,ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(NUMBERS)


Country

Totalnumberofstaff(notemployedby

prisonadministration)

Totalnumberof


institution

Ofwhich:

Totalnumberof

staffworkinginsidepenal

institutions

Ofwhich:





institutions

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff


custodyofinmates(a)




staff

Staffresponsible

forassessmentandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsible

foreducationactivities(includingsocial


Staffresponsible

forworkshops

orvocationaltrainingexcludingstaffalreadyincludedinitem(b)

Otherstaff

Albania NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Andorra 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0Armenia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Austria NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Azerbaijan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 878.0 0.0 0.0 NA NA 878.0 6.0 494.0 NAP 21.0 18.0 66.0 168.0 111.0Bulgaria NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Croatia NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Cyprus 19.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 10.0 2.0 4.0CzechRep. NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Denmark NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Estonia 79.1 25.3 25.3 NAP NAP 53.8 NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP 19.0 6.3 28.6Finland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***France 1602.6 616.0 85.0 278.0 253.0 986.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGeorgia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Germany 38098 1754.0 NA NAP NAP NAP 1754.0 NAP 70.0 NA 208.0 55.0 376.0 540.0Greece NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Hungary NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Iceland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Ireland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Italy 29.0 21.0 14.0 NAP 7.0 8.0 0.0 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 8.0 NAP NAPLatvia 239.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 239.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 239.0 0.0 0.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Luxembourg NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Malta 3.5 0.0 0.0 NAP NAP 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0Moldova NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***



Country

Totalnumberofstaff(notemployedby

prisonadministration)

Totalnumberof


institution

Ofwhich:

Totalnumberof


institutions

Ofwhich:





institutions

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutions

Custodialstaff


custodyofinmates(a)




staff

Staffresponsible

forassessmentandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsible

foreducationactivities(includingsocial


Staffresponsible

forworkshops

orvocationaltrainingexcludingstaffalreadyincludedinitem(b)

Otherstaff

Monaco 1.0 1.0 [0.0] [0.0] [0.0] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Montenegro NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANetherlands NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Norway 373.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 373.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 123.0 0.0 250.0 0.0 0.0Poland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Portugal NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPRomania NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***RussianFed. SanMarino 4.0 NAP *** *** *** 4.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 72.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 13.0SlovakRep. NAP NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Slovenia NAP NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Spain(total) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NASpain(StateAdm.) NAP NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Spain(Catalonia) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Sweden NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Switzerland 201.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0theFYROMacedonia NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAPTurkey NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAUkraine UK:Engl.&Wales NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***UK:North.Ireland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***UK:Scotland 1231.0 14.0 14.0 NA NAP 1217.0 NAP NAP NAP 671.0 NAP 308.0 NAP 238.0



TABLE17.1:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE),NOTEMPLOYEDBYPRISONADMINISTRATION,ON1STSEPTEMBER2016(PERCENTAGES)


Country

Staff(notemployedby

prisonadministration)inthetotal

numberofstaff

Staffworkingoutsidepenalinstitutioninthetotalnumberofstaffnot

employedbytheprison

adminstration

Ofwhich:

Staffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsin


employedbytheprison

adminstration

Ofwhich:

Staffatthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice)inthetotalnumberofstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution



Otherstaffworking

outsidepenalinstitutionsinthetotalnumberofstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutionsinthetotalnumberofstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitution

Custodialstaff

dedicatedsolelytothecustodyofinmatesinthetotalnumberof

staffworking

insidepenalinstitution

(b)


alreadyincludedinitem(a)inthetotalnumberof

staffworking


Medicalandparamedicalstaffinthetotalnumber

ofstaffworkinginside

penalinstitution


andthepsychologistsinthetotalnumberofstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitution


workers,teachers/educators,

etc.)(b)inthetotalnumber

ofstaffworking




includedinitem(b)inthetotalnumber

ofstaffworking


Otherstaffinthetotalnumberof


institution

Albania NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Andorra 19.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 12.5 6.3 6.3 0.0Armenia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Austria NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Azerbaijan NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Belgium NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 99.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.7 56.3 *** 2.4 2.1 7.5 19.1 12.6Bulgaria NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Croatia NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Cyprus 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8 52.6 10.5 21.1CzechRep. NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Denmark NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Estonia 6.0 31.9 100.0 *** *** 68.1 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Finland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***France 4.2 38.4 13.8 45.1 41.1 61.6 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Georgia Germany 4.6 NA *** *** *** 100.0 *** 4.0 NA 11.9 3.1 21.4 30.8 28.8Greece NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Hungary NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Iceland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Ireland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Italy 0.1 72.4 66.7 *** 33.3 27.6 0.0 *** *** *** 0.0 100.0 *** ***Latvia 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0



Country

Staff(notemployedby

prisonadministration)inthetotal

numberofstaff

Staffworkingoutsidepenalinstitutioninthetotalnumberofstaffnot

employedbytheprison

adminstration

Ofwhich:

Staffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsin


employedbytheprison

adminstration

Ofwhich:

Staffatthenationalprisonadministration(HeadOffice)inthetotalnumberofstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution



Otherstaffworking

outsidepenalinstitutionsinthetotalnumberofstaffworkingoutsidepenalinstitution

Executives(senior

managers)ofpenal

institutionsinthetotalnumberofstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitution

Custodialstaff

dedicatedsolelytothecustodyofinmatesinthetotalnumberof

staffworking


(b)


alreadyincludedinitem(a)inthetotalnumberof

staffworking


Medicalandparamedicalstaffinthetotalnumber

ofstaffworkinginside

penalinstitution


andthepsychologistsinthetotalnumberofstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitution


workers,teachers/educators,

etc.)(b)inthetotalnumber

ofstaffworking




includedinitem(b)inthetotalnumber

ofstaffworking


Otherstaffinthetotalnumberof


institution

Liechtenstein Lithuania NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Luxembourg NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Malta 1.3 0.0 0.0 *** *** 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.9 0.0 57.1 0.0 0.0Moldova NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Monaco 1.8 100.0 [0.0] [0.0] [0.0] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Montenegro NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Netherlands NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Norway 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.0 0.0 67.0 0.0 0.0Poland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Portugal NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Romania NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***RussianFed. SanMarino 44.4 NAP *** *** *** 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 15.3 18.1SlovakRep. NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Slovenia NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Spain(total) NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Spain(StateAdm.) NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Spain(Catalonia) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Sweden NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Switzerland 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0theFYROMacedonia NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Turkey NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***UK:North.Ireland NAP NAP *** *** *** NAP *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***UK:Scotland 21.9 1.1 100.0 *** *** 98.9 *** *** *** 55.1 *** 25.3 *** 19.6Average 15.5 18.8 21.6 5.0 7.4 77.1 0.1 12.3 0.0 23.9 2.8 33.6 7.5 8.3Median 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.0 21.4 0.0 0.0Minimum 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 99.2 100.0 100.0 45.1 41.1 100.0 0.7 75.0 0.0 75.0 15.8 100.0 30.8 28.8




AUSTRIAü The total number of staff does not include staff not employed by the prison administration.

Nevertheless,therewere255.68staffworkinginsidepenalinstitution(notemployedbyprisonadministration), of which 104.79 medical and paramedical staff, 37.84 staff responsible forassessementandpsychologists,43.03staffresponsibleforeducationactivitiesand70.02otherstaff.

CYPRUSü The total number of staff does not include staff not employed by the prison administration.

Nevertheless, therewere 19 staff working inside penal institution (not employed by prisonadministration), of which 3 staff responsible for assessement and psychologists, 10 staffresponsibleforeducationactivities,2staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltrainingand4otherstaff.

GERMANYü Staffresponsibleforeducationactivitiesincludesthestaffworkinginthe"educationalservice"

departmentandvocationalteachers.ü Staffresponsibleforworshopsandvocationaltrainingincludesthestaffworkinginthe"prison

workservice"departmentandinthe"socialservice"department.Thestaffofthe"prisonworkservice"departmentruntheworkshopsprovidedbythelaberunitwithinaprisonfacility.Thoseworking for the "social services" department are responsible for providing information,counsellingandmotivationtoinmates:withregardtotheprisonplananddesign,incopingwithvariouspsycho-socialproblems,inexpandingsocialcompetenceandexploringnewpatternsofconduct,andpreparingforrelease.

LITHUANIAü The total number of staff does not include staff not employed by the prison administration.

Nevertheless, therewere459staffworking insidepenal institution (notemployedbyprisonadministration),ofwhich2medicalandparamedicalstaff,256staffresponsibleforeducationactivities,144staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltrainingand63otherstaff.

LUXEMBOURGü The total number of staff does not include staff not employed by the prison administration.

Nevertheless,therewere67medicalandparamedicalstaff,14staffresponsibleforeducationactivitiesand58.5otherstaff(notemployedbyprisonadministration).

MONACOWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].NORWAY

ü Thefigurefor“otherstaffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionincludesadministrativestaff.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Please note that FTE figures for staff not employed by the prison administration are notavailable.



TABLE18:RATIOOFINMATESPERCUSTODIAN(EMPLOYEDBYPRISONADMINISTRATION)ON1STSEPTEMBER2016


CountryTotalnumberofinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

Custodialstaffdedicatedsolelytothecustodyofinmates(a)

Ratioofinmatespercustodiandedicatedsolelytothecustodyof

inmates

Othercustodialstaffexcludingthosealready

mentionedin(a)

Totalcustodialstaff

Ratioofinmatespertotalcustodial

staffAlbania 5910 2082 2.8 988 3070 1.9Andorra 47 57 0.8 0 57 0.8Armenia 3907 1364 2.9 655 2019 1.9Austria 8824 3017.53 2.9 0.00 3018 2.9Azerbaijan 22938 NA NA NA NA NABelgium 11615 NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 863 NA NA NA NA NABulgaria 8347 2397 3.5 324 2721 3.1Croatia 3108 1587 2.0 NAP 1587 2.0Cyprus 668 377 1.8 0 377 1.8CzechRep. 22481 5735 3.9 156 5891 3.8Denmark 3408 2194 1.6 0 2194 1.6Estonia 2670 483 5.5 94 577 4.6Finland 3110 1363 2.3 NA 1363 2.3France 68514 27689 2.5 NA 27689 2.5Georgia 9534 Note Note Germany 64397 70 920.0 15284 15354 4.2Greece 9621 3862 2.5 0 3862 2.5Hungary 18171 3456 5.3 4461 7917 2.3Iceland 124 77 1.6 0 77 1.6Ireland 3688 2232.5 1.7 143.0 2376 1.6Italy 54195 NA NA NA NA NALatvia 4186 1717 2.4 0 1717 2.4Liechtenstein 0 Lithuania 7051 1895 3.7 NAP 1895 3.7Luxembourg 705 320.3 2.2 0 320 2.2Malta 556 229 2.4 0 229 2.4Moldova 7911 799 9.9 NAP 799 9.9Monaco 32 5 6.4 30 35 0.9Montenegro 1081 125 8.6 312 437 2.5Netherlands 8726 1977.2 4.4 3217.6 5195 1.7Norway 3851 2674.3 1.4 530.9 3205 1.2Poland 71528 14052 5.1 1582 15634 4.6Portugal 13779 3891 3.5 153 4044 3.4Romania 27765 2132 13.0 1988 4120 6.7RussianFed. SanMarino 2 5 0.4 0 5 0.4Serbia 10672 2296 4.6 0 2296 4.6SlovakRep. 10181 3032 3.4 NAP 3032 3.4Slovenia 1308 496 2.6 0 496 2.6Spain(total) 60687 18339 3.3 0 18339 3.3Spain(StateAdm.) 52009 15031 3.5 0 15031 3.5Spain(Catalonia) 8678 3308 2.6 0 3308 2.6Sweden 5762 4371 1.3 0 4371 1.3Switzerland 6912 2101 3.3 0 2101 3.3theFYROMacedonia 3349 159 21.1 384 543 6.2Turkey 192627 27060 7.1 9471 36531 5.3Ukraine UK:Engl.&Wales 85134 17794 4.8 4673 22466 3.8UK:North.Ireland 1500 1207.6 1.2 0 1208 1.2UK:Scotland 7657 3192 2.4 NAP 3192 2.4Average 25.8 3.5Median 2.9 2.5Minimum 0.4 0.4Maximum 920.0 25.9



FIGURE6:HIGHESTRATESOFINMATESPERONECUSTODIANON1STSEPTEMBER2016

Note:Thisfiguretakesintoaccountthetotalcustodialstaff

NOTES–TABLE18

ThetotalnumberofinmatesusedinthisTableisbasedonthenon-adjustedfiguresprovidedinTable1.

ForCyprus the total number of inmates corresponds to the number of those held in prison (without policestations).Thisisduetothefactthatthenumberofstaffisavailableonlyforprisoninstitution.

ForGeorgia,thereare360employeessolelydedicatedtotheperimetersecurityguardingactivities(securityoftheprisonterritory),butthewholepenitentiarystaffisinvolvedincustodialactivities.

ForGermany, the custodial staff dedicated solely to the custody of inmates is not employed by the PrisonAdministration.

ManyfigurescalculatedinTable18areestimates,andthereforetheymustbeusedwithcaution.FormoredetailsonthefiguresusedinthisTable,seenotestoTables15to17.

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Spain(to

tal)

Slovenia

Austria

Bulgaria

Switzerland

Spain(Catalonia)

SlovakRep.

Portu

gal

Spain(StateAdm

.)

Lithuania

UK:E

ngl.&W

ales

CzechRep.

Germ

any

Poland

Estonia

Serbia

Turkey

theFYRO

Macedonia

Romania

Moldova

Georgia

2.6

2.6 2.9

3.1

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.5 3.7

3.8

3.8 4.2 4.6

4.6

4.6 5.3 6.2 6.7

9.9

25.9European Mean=3.5

European Median=2.5



List of Tables and Figures CONVENTIONS USED ................................................................................................................................................ 23

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY ........................................................................................................................ 23

A.1. LEGISLATIVE AND OTHER MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF PRISONERS .. 28

TABLE 1: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 .................................................................. 37

TABLE 1.1: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INMATES IN TABLE 1 ............................................. 38

TABLE 1.2: CAPACITY OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (BY CATEGORIES) ................................... 46

FIGURE1.A:COUNTRIESWITHMORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100000INHABITANTS(HIGHESTPRISONPOPULATIONRATES) ...... 51

FIGURE 1.B: COUNTRIESWITHPRISONOVERCROWDING(MORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100PLACES) .................................. 51

TABLE 1.4: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 BY DECREASING PRISON POPULATION RATES (NON-ADJUSTED VERSUS ADJUSTED FIGURES) ...................................................................................... 54

TABLE 1.5: EVOLUTION OF PRISON POPULATIONS BETWEEN 2006 AND 2016 .......................................................... 56

TABLE 1.6: YEAR-TO-YEAR PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF PRISON POPULATION RATES BETWEEN 2015 AND 2016 ....... 58

TABLE 2: AGE AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 61

TABLE 2.1.: MINORS AND PERSONS AGED 18 AND OVER ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 .................................................. 62

TABLE 2.2: MINORS AMONG INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 .............................................................................. 63

FIGURE 2: COUNTRIES WITH THE YOUNGEST (LESS THAN 34 YEARS) PRISON POPULATION CLASSIFIED BY DECREASING MEDIAN AGE .............................................................................................................................. 66

TABLE 2.3: AVERAGE AND MEDIAN AGES OF THE PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 ........................... 66

TABLE 3.A: FEMALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 .......................................................................................... 67

TABLE 3.B: MALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 ............................................................................................. 69

TABLE 4: FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 ............................................................................................. 71

TABLE 5: LEGAL STATUS OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (NUMBERS) ....................................... 74

TABLE 5.1: DETAINEES NOT SERVING A FINAL SENTENCE ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (PERCENTAGES AND RATES) ... 77

TABLE 5.2: DANGEROUS OFFENDERS UNDER SECURITY MEASURES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) ............................................................................................................................................... 79

TABLE 6: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (NUMBERS) ....... 82

TABLE 6.1: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (PERCENTAGES) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 83

TABLE 7: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (NUMBERS) 87

TABLE 7.1: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016

(PERCENTAGES) .............................................................................................................................................. 92



TABLE 7.2: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES) .......................................................................................................................... 93

TABLE 7.3: LENGTHS OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................................................. 94

FIGURE 3: COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST PERCENTAGES OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO LESS THAN ONE YEAR ............ 95

TABLE 8: FLOW OF ENTRIES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2015 ................................................................................ 97

TABLE 9: FLOW OF RELEASES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2015 ...................................................................... 101

TABLE 10: TURNOVER RATIO OF INMATES IN 2015 .............................................................................................. 106

FIGURE 4: COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST TURNOVER RATIOS IN 2015 ......................................................................... 108

TABLE 11.A: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2015, BASED ON THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS SPENT IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................ 109

TABLE 11.B: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2015, BASED ON THE TOTAL STOCK OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2015 .......................................................................... 112

TABLE 12: ESCAPES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS DURING 2015 ............................................................................. 113

TABLE 13: DEATHS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2015 (BY TYPE OF REGISTERED DEATH) ....................................... 115

TABLE 13.1: SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2015 ........................................................................................ 117

TABLE 13.2: TYPES OF DEATHS AND SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2015 ................................................... 118

FIGURE 5: SUICIDE RATE PER 10 000 INMATES IN 2015 ......................................................................................... 120

TABLE 14: EXPENSES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2015 (IN €) ................................................................................ 121

TABLE 14.A: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF CUSTODIAL EXPENSES IN 2015, IN TABLE 14 ...... 123

TABLE 15: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE), ON 1ST

SEPTEMBER 2016 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) ......................................................................................... 128

TABLE 16: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE), EMPLOYED BY PRISON ADMINISTRATION, ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (NUMBERS) ........................................................... 131

TABLE 16.1: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE), EMPLOYED BY PRISON ADMINISTRATION, ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (PERCENTAGES) ................................. 133

TABLE 17: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE), NOT EMPLOYED BY PRISON ADMINISTRATION, ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (NUMBERS) ........................................ 139

TABLE 17.1: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE), NOT EMPLOYED BY PRISON ADMINISTRATION, ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 (PERCENTAGES) ................................. 141

TABLE 18: RATIO OF INMATES PER CUSTODIAN (EMPLOYED BY PRISON ADMINISTRATION) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 144

FIGURE 6: HIGHEST RATES OF INMATES PER ONE CUSTODIAN ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2016 ........................................ 145

Documents

Council of Europe Annual Penal Statisticswp.unil.ch/space/files/2018/03/SPACE-I-2016-Final-Report-180315.pdf · Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: SPACE I – 2016 1 Strasbourg,