COST TU1303 SRC4 WG Meeting 2015.03.24-25 · 3. Discussion"and"agreementof"nextacJons"–[MAIN"TOPIC]"to"achieve" TU1303"deliverables" ... Z.A. les Anés, 2 Rue du Chapitre 69126

1

SRC -‐ 4

Materials and Analysis

Working Group Leaders Prof. Peter Gosling & Prof. Natalie Stranghöner

24-‐ 25 March 2015 ⏐Denkendorf

2

Agenda

1.  Brief review of the minutes of the last meeJng in Brussels 29th September 2014

2.  PresentaJons (max 20 mins each) a.  Raul Fanguiero [Peter Gosling]: presentaJon of the Horizon2020-‐

proposal “MulJfuncJonal TexJle Membranes for Eco-‐efficient Lightweight Buildings”

b.  Giorgio NovaJ: presentaJon on hyperelasJcity c.  Jean-‐Christophe Thomas: presentaJon on design and analysis of

inflatable beams d.  Peter Gosling: presentaJon on Round Robin II e.  Maarten Van Craenenbroeck: A comparaJve study for biaxial tesJng of

technical texJles and computaJonal modelling of biaxial stress states in fabrics

3.  Discussion and agreement of next acJons – [MAIN TOPIC] to achieve TU1303 deliverables

Project Proposal on

Smart and Multifunctional Textile Membranes for Architectural

Applications

Flexible design

aesthetics

Outstanding translucency Durability Lightweight Low

maintenance Code

compliance Cost

benefits

Objetivos

Why Membranes?

www.fibrenamics.com | [email protected] | © 2015

Objetivos

Existing Architectural Membranes

Woven Textiles • Glass, aramids, Acrylic, Nylon, Polyester, etc.

• Coated with PVC, Urethane, PTFE, Silicone, etc. • High strength • UV resistance •  Fire resistance • Thermal resistance

ETFE foils • UV resistance •  Flame resistance • High transparency

Recent developments: • Self-‐cleaning (using TiO2) • Dubai cricket stadium • Thermoregulation (using PCM) • Energy Harvesting • Using solar cells.

• PowerFilm Inc., Konarka Technologies


Objetivos

Market Trend and Need for New Material and

Functionality

Lightweight structures,

particularly fabric architecture, have

been gaining popularity over the last 30–40

years

Steady technological progress has increased the popularity of fabric-‐roofed structures in recent years

Fabric structures are no longer being used just for large airports

and sports stadiums

The lightweight structures fabric

market has experienced slow

but steady growth of 2-‐3 percent per

annum over the last five years

The global market is

estimated to grow at a

compound annual growth rate of

9,43% from 2014 to 2019, reaching a value of $29.3

billion.


Objetivos

Objectives

Development of innovative architectural membranes with self-‐sensing, energy generation and storage capabilities through integration of a multi-‐functional coating (for self-‐sensing and healing) and advanced multi-‐functional textiles

(energy harvesting and storage devices).

Development of multi-‐functional polymeric coating for self-‐sensing activities,

Development of textile based energy

harvesting devices and rechargeable batteries

Investigation on the

different textile

structures for

architectural membranes

and functional elements

Detailed material

characterization for

architectural membrane

and functional elements

Detailed structural

analysis and design of

architectural membrane

Fabrication of multi-‐functional

architectural membranes

and performance assessment

Development of fully functional

architectural membrane prototypes (for roofs, facades and interiors)

with targeted

functionalities


Objetivos

For What?

Building

Stadiums Theatres Railway Stations

Interiors

Curtains Wall covering

Skins

Buildings Facades


Objetivos

For What?

Material

Sensing

3D/2D Fabrics

Energy

Architects

Marke

t

Science


Objetivos

Proposed Multi-‐functional Architectural

Membrane

Architectural m

embran

e (In

tegrated

with) Multi-‐functional Coating

(Self-‐sensing)

Piezoelectric Textiles (Energy from wind)

Textile Batteries (Energy storage)

All polymeric materials

Light weight and flexible

Huge design possibilities

Cost-‐effectiveness Sustainability


Objetivos

Piezoelectric Textile Based Energy Harvesting

Device

Based on piezoelectric

Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)

PVDF films can produce

100 µW power at moderate wind speeds

(current status)

Can produce more voltage and power

from wind and rain as

compared to ceramic based

PZT

PVDF textiles are superior to PVDF films in

terms of mechanical

stability, flexibility and large scale production possibilities

Can produce energy

generation from body

movements

Never explored for architectural membranes

Objetivos

Textile Based Thin Film Batteries

Thin, compact and

flexible

Good battery performance

No leakage, safe

Developed by building various battery

components on to a

textile fabric

Based on Li-‐ion

chemistry

Can be fabricated

using conventional

coating technique

Can be easily integrated

with architectural membrane

Objetivos

Overall Technical Concept

Objetivos

Work Package 1

WP1: Development of multi-‐functional polymeric coating for self-‐sensing activities, its analysis and performance assessment

Development of piezoresistive coating formulation containing

healing agents

Application of coating on to different textile

structures

Assessment and analysis of self-‐sensing

property

Optimization of coating formulation and

application process parameters


Objetivos

Work Package 2

WP2: Development of textile based energy producing devices, their analysis and performance assessment

Production of piezoelectric fabrics using

knitting technology

Characterization of piezoelectric performance

Investigation of the effect of textile structure (2D/3D) and structural

parameters on the piezoeletric performance

Analysis of piezoelectric performance

Optimization of various parameters to maximize the piezoelectric

performance, ease of fabrication and cost-‐effectiveness


Objetivos

Work Package 3

WP3: Development of textile based rechargeable batteries, their analysis and performance assessment

Selection of suitable battery components (electrolyte,

anode, cathode, current collector)

Application of battery

components through different coating techniques

Characterization and analysis of

battery performance

Studies on the effect of textile structures on the

battery performance

Optimization of textile structure and coating technique to

maximize battery performance, ease of fabrication and cost-‐effectiveness


Objetivos

Work Package 4

WP4: Investigation on different textile structures for architectural membrane and characterization of their material behaviours

Characterization of biaxial behaviour for different

membrane materials (material stiffness, strength, seam

strength, behaviour at different climates (hot or cold), long time

behaviour, etc.)

Modification of testing procedures for the new materials

to be used

Development of accurate material models for the new

materials to be used


Objetivos

Work Package 5

WP5: Structural analysis and design of architectural membranes with integrated functional elements and coating


Objetivos

Work Package 6

WP 6: Fabrication of multi-‐functional architectural membrane and performance assessment

Integration of functional elements within

architectural membrane using optimum conditions and parameters

Establishment of contactless electrical

connections between all functional elements

Assessment of performance of multi-‐functional membrane

(self-‐sensing, automatic adjustment of tension, self-‐healing, energy

generation and storage)

Adjustments of required parameters


Objetivos

Work Package 7

WP7: Developing fully functional architectural membrane prototypes (for roofs, facades and interiors) with all targeted functionalities

Development of textile based membrane prototype for roofs with integrated functionalities and performance assessment

Development of ETFE membrane prototype for facades with all integrated functionalities and performance assessment

Development of textile based membrane prototype for interior application (e.g. curtain) with all integrated functionalities and performance assessment


Objetivos

Work Package 8, 9, 10

WP 8: Environmental assessment and cost analysis

WP 9: Standardisation: guidelines

WP 10: Dissemination

and exploitation

WP11: Management


Objetivos

Partners

Par9cipant organisa9on name Country

University of Minho (UMINHO)-‐ Coordinator Portugal University of Newcastle (UNCASTLE ) United Kingdom

University of Duisburg-‐Essen (UDE) Germany Universidade Nova da Lisboa (UNL) – NOVA.ID.FCT Portugal University of Bolton (UBOLTON) United Kingdom

The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design and ConservaJon (RDAFA)

Denmark

Verseidag Indutex GmbH, Krefeld (VERSEIDAG) Germany AFORSEC Spain ARCHITEN LANDRELL United Kingdom

"Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi (ASACHI) Romania

Ghent University (UGHENT) Belgium VrijeUniversiteitBrussel (UVBRUSSEL) Belgium FormTL Germany LMA Portugal


Agenda

1.  Brief review of the minutes of the last meeting in Brussels 29th September 2014

2.  Presentations (max 20 mins each) a.  Raul Fanguiero [Peter Gosling]: presentation of the Horizon2020-‐

proposal “Multifunctional Textile Membranes for Eco-‐efficient Lightweight Buildings”

b.  Giorgio Novati: presentation on hyperelasticity c.  Jean-‐Christophe Thomas: presentation on design and analysis of

inflatable beams d.  Peter Gosling: presentation on Round Robin II e.  Maarten Van Craenenbroeck: A comparative study for biaxial testing of

technical textiles and computational modelling of biaxial stress states in fabrics

3.  Discussion and agreement of next actions – [MAIN TOPIC] to achieve TU1303 deliverables

Round robin exercise 2: interpretaJon of biaxial and shear test data

The first round robin exercise was a comparaJve study of analysis methods and results for a set of well defined membrane structures. There were 22 parJcipants worldwide, and the results were published in ‘Engineering Structures’ and presented at internaJonal conferences.

Author's personal copy

Analysis and design of membrane structures: Results of a roundrobin exercise

P.D. Gosling a, B.N. Bridgens a,⇑, A. Albrecht b, H. Alpermann c, A. Angeleri d, M. Barnes e, N. Bartle a,R. Canobbio d, F. Dieringer f, S. Gellin g, W.J. Lewis h, N. Mageau i, R. Mahadevan j, J.-M. Marion k,P. Marsden l, E. Milligan m, Y.P. Phang n, K. Sahlin o, B. Stimpfle p, O. Suire q, J. Uhlemann r

a School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UKb Elioth, EGIS Concept, 4 Rue Dolorès Ibarruri, TSA 80006, 93188 Montreuil Cedex, Francec University of the Arts Berlin, Faculty of Architecture, Structural Design and Technology, Hardenbergstrasse 33, 10623 Berlin, Germanyd CANOBBIO SpA, Via Roma 3, 15053 Castelnuovo Scrivia (AL), Italye Department of Architecture & Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKf TU München, Structural Analysis, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germanyg Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, USAh School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKi Schlaich Bergermann und Partner, Schwabstrasse 43, 70197 Stuttgart, Germanyj Techno Specialist (FZE), P.O. Box 121908, SAIF Zone, Sharjah, United Arab Emiratesk AIA Ingénierie, 20 Rue Lortet, 69341 Lyon Cedex 07, Francel Buro Happold, Camden Mill, 230 Lower Bristol Road, Bath BA2 3DQ, UKm Tensys Limited, 1 St. Swithins Yard, Walcot St., Bath BA1 5BG, UKn Multimedia Engineering Pte. Ltd., 50 Bukit Batok St. 23 #05-15, Singapore, Singaporeo Radome Modeling Team, Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, 701 Daniel Webster Hwy., Merrimack, NH 03054, USAp TL Ingenieure für Tragwerk und Leichtbau gmbh, Kapellenweg 2b, 78315 Radolfzell, Germanyq SMC2 – Construction Sports et Loisirs, Z.A. les Anés, 2 Rue du Chapitre 69126 Brindas, Francer University of Duisburg – Essen, Institute for Metal and Lightweight Structures, 45117 Essen, Germany

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:Received 11 January 2012Revised 20 July 2012Accepted 12 October 2012

Keywords:Membrane structureTensile fabricArchitectural fabricRound robinComparative analysisForm findingConicHyparEurocode 10

a b s t r a c t

Tensile fabric structures are used for large-scale iconic structures worldwide, yet analysis and designmethodologies are not codified in most countries and there is limited design guidance available. Non-lin-ear material behaviour, large strains and displacements and the use of membrane action to resist loadsrequire a fundamentally different approach to structural analysis and design compared to conventionalroof structures.

The aim of the round robin analysis exercise presented here is to understand the current state of anal-ysis practice for tensile fabric structures, and to assess the level of consistency and harmony in currentpractice. The exercise consists of four precisely defined tensile fabric structures, with participantsrequired to carry out the form finding and load analysis of each structure and report key values of stress,deflection and reactions.

The results show very high levels of variability in terms of stresses, displacements, reactions and mate-rial design strengths, and highlight the need for future work to harmonise analysis methods and providevalidation and benchmarking for membrane analysis software. Greater consistency is required to giveconfidence in the analysis and design process, to enable third party checking to be carried out in a mean-ingful and efficient manner, to provide a harmonious approach for Eurocode development, and to enablethe full potential of tensile structures to be realised.

! 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction

1.1. Background

For over 50 years tensile fabric has been used for a wide varietyof large scale, architecturally striking structures, including sportsstadia, airports and shopping malls [1]. A fabric membrane actsas both structure and cladding, thereby reducing the weight, cost

0141-0296/$ - see front matter ! 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.10.008

⇑ Corresponding author. Address: Newcastle University, School of Civil Engineer-ing & Geosciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. Tel.:+44 (0)191 222 6409.

E-mail address: [email protected] (B.N. Bridgens).

Engineering Structures 48 (2013) 313–328

Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect

Engineering Structures

journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate /engstruct

hlp://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/pub_details2.aspx?pub_id=184881 (full text – no journal subscripJon required)


RR2 will focus on the interpreta9on of biaxial and shear test data, i.e. the assessment of the s9ffness of architectural fabrics and how these proper9es are represented in the analysis of a structure.

0"

5"

10"

15"

20"

25"

30"

35"

40"

(6.0" (4.0" (2.0" 0.0" 2.0" 4.0" 6.0" 8.0" 10.0"

Stress&(k

N/m

)&

Strain&(%)&

PTFE&coated&glass&fibre:&stress=strain&

Warp"

Fill"

0"

5"

10"

15"

20"

25"

30"

35"

40"

(6.0" (4.0" (2.0" 0.0" 2.0" 4.0" 6.0" 8.0" 10.0"

Stress&(k

N/m

)&

Strain&(%)&

PTFE&coated&glass&fibre:&stress=strain&

Warp"

Fill"


Principles of the exercise: •  Aims to advance scienJfic and engineering pracJce in the analysis and

design of membrane structures,

•  It is not a compeJJon,

•  Voluntary & undertaken without fee or liability,

•  Anonymous – for the parJcipants, and for the fabric materials that are used,

•  Results will not be made available in a form that could be used for analysis or design by a 3rd party.

Round robin 2 will operate in two disJnct ways depending on the type of parJcipant: Route A: interpreta9on of ‘typical’ biaxial and shear test data provided by Newcastle University. Route A is for consultants, analysts, designers and fabricators who interpret biaxial test results provided by others. Newcastle University will provide data from ‘typical’ biaxial and shear tests. ParJcipants will be provided with biaxial and shear test data for a selecJon of fabrics, in both graphical form and tables of stress and strain values (.csv and .xls formats). Full details of the Newcastle University biaxial and shear test equipment will be provided. In addiJon, parJcipants will be provided with a descripJon of the structure that the fabric is being used for, including stress plots, in case this informaJon is required to inform their interpretaJon of the test data. ParJcipants will report how the test data is analysed and incorporated in their analysis. Route B: carry out biaxial and/or shear test and interpret results. Route B is primarily for test houses, but may also apply to consultants and analysts, whose method of interpretaJon relies on results from a parJcular test protocol. ParJcipants will be provided with fabric samples, and a descripJon of the structure that the fabric is being used in, including stress plots, in case this informaJon is required to inform their tesJng and interpretaJon of the test data. ParJcipants will carry out fabric tesJng and then provide details of how the test results are interpreted.

Repor9ng of results Route A: interpretaJon of ‘typical’ biaxial and shear test data provided by Newcastle University

A1. Describe how the biaxial sJffness of the fabric is incorporated in your analysis. A2. Describe how you determined the biaxial sJffness parameters described in A1. A3. Describe how the shear sJffness of the fabric is incorporated in your analysis. A4. Describe how you determine the shear sJffness parameters described in A3 A5. For each set of test results (PVC-‐polyester, PTFE-‐glass, and so on) provide the values that would be used to represent the biaxial and shear behaviour in the analysis Route B: carry out biaxial and/or shear test and interpret results

B1. Describe the principles of operaJon of the biaxial test equipment that you have been used for this exercise. B2. Provide details of the biaxial test protocol that has been used. B3. Describe the principles of operaJon of the shear test equipment that you have used for this exercise. B4. Provide details of the shear test protocol that you have used. B5. Provide your biaxial and shear test results, in both graphical form and tables of stress and strain values (.csv and .xls formats). B6. Complete A1 – A6 (above) to describe how the test results are interpreted.

Proposed biaxial test protocol – for comment

Warp load Fill load

3 x 1:1 3 x 1:2 3 x 2:1 3 x 1:0 3 x 0:1

Prestress

Appl

ied

load

(% u

ltim

ate

tens

ile s

treng

th)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Time (minutes)0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Proposed shear test protocol – for comment

!20$

!15$

!10$

!5$

0$

5$

10$

15$

20$

0$ 100$ 200$ 300$ 400$ 500$ 600$ 700$

Shear&a

ngle&(d

egrees)&

Time&(minutes)&

±1° ±3° ±1° ±6° ±1° ±15° ±1°

Round robin exercise 2: Jmeline & acJons

!

Version 1. 20 March 2015. BB 6

!

7 Timeline

March&'&April&2015&

Round&robin&2&is&launched.&

Proposed&test&protocols&are&provided&for&comment.&

Manufacturers&are&invited&to&volunteer&to&provide&fabric&samples&for&testing.&We&are&looking&for&one&medium&weight&example&of&each&material&–&e.g.&1&x&Type&III&PVC'polyester,&1&x&PTFE'glass,&1&x&silicone'glass,&1&x&Tenara?,&1&x&other&interesting&materials…?&It&is&anticipated&that&no&more&than&10&linear&metres&of&each&fabric&will&be&required,&and&the&amount&will&be&minimised&once&we&know&how&many&participants&are&taking&Route&B.&

Participants&are&asked&to&register&their&interest&in&the&exercise&by&emailing&Dr&Ben&Bridgens&at&[email protected]&&and&to&specify&whether&they&want&to&take&Route&A&or&Route&B&(in&which&case&they&will&require&fabric&samples).&

June&2015&Test&protocols&for&Route&A&are&finalised.&

Fabric&samples&are&delivered&to&Newcastle&University&for&testing&and&distribution&to&participants&taking&Route&B&

August&2015& Full&details&of&round&robin&2&are&circulated&to&participants&including&all&test&data&and&reporting&forms.&

October&2015& Deadline&for&return&of&results&to&[email protected]&&

Nov&2015&–&March&2016&

Analysis&and&dissemination&of&results&

&

&

Agenda

1.  Brief review of the minutes of the last meeting in Brussels 29th September 2014

2.  Presentations (max 20 mins each) a.  Raul Fanguiero [Peter Gosling]: presentation of the Horizon2020-‐

proposal “Multifunctional Textile Membranes for Eco-‐efficient Lightweight Buildings”

b.  Giorgio Novati: presentation on hyperelasticity c.  Jean-‐Christophe Thomas: presentation on design and analysis of

inflatable beams d.  Peter Gosling: presentation on Round Robin II e.  Maarten Van Craenenbroeck: A comparative study for biaxial testing of

technical textiles and computational modelling of biaxial stress states in fabrics

3.  Discussion and agreement of next actions – [MAIN TOPIC] to achieve TU1303 deliverables

34

TU1303 -‐ Novel structural skins: Improving sustainability and efficiency through new structural tex9le materials and designs The aim of the AcJon is to: (1)  standardise the material and structural tesJng and analysis approaches

within Europe, to inform the design of safer and more efficient structures, (2)  harmonise the research on membrane and foil structural skins, (3)  collate harmonised data and tools on energy performance and Life Cycle

Analysis and (4)  sJmulate and deliver innovaJon and development of new structural skin

products, adaptable systems and durable applicaJons in the urban environment.

35

Strategic Research Cluster 4: materials and analysis SRC – 4 will focus on the characterisaJon and advanced simulaJon of membrane and foil materials and advanced simulaJon of their structural applicaJon. Different experimental methodologies and results from round robin exercises will be discussed and compared with the outcomes from numerical simulaJons that partners are currently conducJng. A key objecJve is to establish the coupling between simulaJon and material characterisaJon so as to enhance the opJmal applicaJon of membrane and foil materials for buildings.

36 Typical research topics are: •  Advanced analysis methodologies •  VerificaJon of analysis methodologies/tools; validaJon of simulaJons iniJated by using data from

currently monitored structures and from structures installed during the COST AcJon •  Measurement of the biaxial tensile sJffness, shear sJffness, uniaxial and biaxial tear properJes of a

range of texJle and foil materials; simulaJon of these tests with the tools used for the analysis of building skins

•  Test method design and specificaJon, the interpretaJon and use of test data and the collecJon of typical material data (in a data base)

•  IdenJficaJon and quanJficaJon of epistemic and aleatoric uncertainJes (in the analysis and in the material characterisaJon)

•  Probability distribuJon funcJons and parameters to characterize mechanical properJes (linked to the fixh SRC)

•  The link between computaJonal mechanics and material characterisaJon; novel approaches including response surface technologies and neural network techniques taking into account load cycling effects, hystereJc behaviour and Jme dependency

•  The use of predicJve material models directly in the simulaJon tool and in the accurate and opJmal descripJon of cuyng palerns

•  The use of a coupled analysis and consJtuJve material model framework to simulate the installaJon and whole-‐life behaviour of texJle and foil building skins (contribuJng to the second SRC)

•  The applicaJon of StochasJc Finite Element Analysis; the implicaJon of adopJng probabilisJc approaches to the analysis of building skins, with parJcular reference to soxware requirements

•  DefiniJon of a series of analyJcal and physical benchmarks for the verificaJon and validaJon of emerging simulaJon and tesJng technologies.

37

Planned Ac9vi9es – [historic, to review] 1.  Undertake round robin I (analysis) follow-‐up 2015 2.  Submit a follow-‐up journal paper on round robin I 2015 3.  Produce a state-‐of-‐the-‐art report on analysis methods 2015 4.  Launch round robin II (materials) 2015 5.  H2020 EE1 – 2014. Manufacturing of prefabricated

modules for renovaJon of buildings – applicaJon? 2015 6.  H2020 EE5 – 2014/15. Increasing energy

performance of exisJng buildings through process and organisaJon innovaJons and creaJng a market for deep renovaJon – applicaJon? 2015

7.  DeterminaJon of Tear Strength 8.  Reliability Analysis 9.  Applying for Research Projects 10. …

Documents

COST TU1303 SRC4 WG Meeting 2015.03.24-25 · 3. Discussion"and"agreementof"nextacJons"–[MAIN"TOPIC]"to"achieve" TU1303"deliverables" ... Z.A. les Anés, 2 Rue du Chapitre 69126