Upload
loring
View
22
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Cost-Benefits Analysis in SHM Projects Opening Keynote at SHMII-5. Daniele Inaudi. Is SHM about Monitoring Bridges?. Is SHM about Insuring Safety of Dams?. Is SHM about reducing Risk in Excavations?. Is SHM about Avoiding Leakages in Pipelines?. Is SHM about Adding Prestige to a Building?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
1
Cost-Benefits Analysis in SHM ProjectsOpening Keynote at SHMII-5Daniele Inaudi
Is SHM about Monitoring Bridges?
Is SHM about Insuring Safety of Dams?
Is SHM about reducing Risk in Excavations?
Is SHM about Avoiding Leakages in Pipelines?
Is SHM about Adding Prestige to a Building?
Is SHM about Preserving Natural
Resources?
Is SHM about Enabling Remote Management?
SHM is about all of this and more…
SHM has evolved from being a research
topic…
…to being an Industry
An « Industry » is a meeting place
between Supply and Demand…
… between Cost and Perceived Benefits
This presentation is about defining Cost and Benefits from a Customer-Supplier
Relationship Perspective
WARNING:This presentation has
no sophisticated financial models or a universal recipe for
commercial success…
… just some personal observations derived
from practice
Defining CostCapital Investment
+Operational Costs
Cost: Capital Investment
SHM design costs, including:Integration with the structure’s designPlanning and project management
Cost: Capital Investment
Hardware costs:SensorsCablesData acquisition and management hardwareCommunication
Cost: Capital Investment
Installation costs:Integration with building scheduleConfiguration CommissioningReporting
Operational Costs
System maintenanceSpare parts and consumablesEnergyCommunication
Operational Costs
Data ManagementPublishingArchiving
Operational Costs
Data analysisInterpretation Reporting
Load
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1 B1
N Force [KN] Friction [KN/m2]
Laye
r1Zo
ne II
Zone
III
Layer 9
Zone
I
-4652
-2503
-3405
-1925
-1562
-777
-104
-4307
-9321
-8588
-6905
-5222
-3184
-3418
-2115
-1053
L=480t L=840t L=480t L=840t
108.
8910
5.54
127.
73
81.7
366
.57
94.9
3
-14.
61
22.7
3
58.3
556
.56
36.2
649
.25
42.2
244
.67
34.00
Depth[m]
8.45
12.62
16.85
21.08
25.30
29.54
2.30
6.40
10.50
14.73
18.96
23.19
27.42
31.65
4.35
Total Costs
Typically 0.5 – 3% of new construction costsHardware cost typically less than 50% of total costTotal Investment+ recurring costs are important for the owner
Identifying Benefits
Hard Benefitsvs.
Soft Benefits
Capital ValueHard(ly) Benefit
Reduction of Risk(hard and soft benefit)
Crack Detection in Tunnel
Approx. cost: 800’000€Benefits: Risk Reduction:
insurance
Increase Safety(hard and soft benefit)
Sinkhole detection and localization
Approx. cost: 400’000$Benefits: Risk Reduction: insurance, safety of rail
Increase Quality(hard and soft benefit)
Building Monitoring
Approx. cost: 25’000$ /buildingBenefits: Quality control, image
Average strain evolution May 2001 - June 2007
-800
-700
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
024
/05/
01
22/1
1/01
24/0
5/02
23/1
1/02
24/0
5/03
23/1
1/03
24/0
5/04
23/1
1/04
24/0
5/05
23/1
1/05
25/0
5/06
24/1
1/06
25/0
5/07
Date
Aver
age
stra
in [
me]
C1 (1675) C2 (1668)
C3 (1676) C4 (1669)
C5 (1663) C6 (1683)
C7 (1670) C8 (1682)
C9 (1662) C10 (1677)
Discover Structural Reserves
(hard benefit)
Loads on Arena roof
Approx. cost: 250’000$Benefits: Avoid strengthening
RS-232
C.M.P.
PC with Software
Ethernet
Worst-case scenario
Strain limit: 900µε
Early detection of defects
(hard benefit)
Bridge enlargement
Approx. cost: 150’000€Benefits: verify design, no
defects
Strain limit: 900µε
Safe Lifetime Extension
(hard benefit)
SHM before ReplacementBridge Candidate for Replacement:• Cost of Replacement, no SHM: 100%• Cost of SHM: 3%• Bridges found to be OK: 20%• Bridges needing rehabilitation: 20%• Cost of rehabilitation: 30%• Bridges needing replacement: 60%• Cost with SHM: 3%+20%x30%
+60%=69%• Saving from SHM: 31% !!!
Fatigue Crack Detection
Approx. cost: 1’000’000€Benefits: Postpone replacement
15 years
Increase Knowledge(soft benefit)
Full-scale testing of shaft
Approx. cost: 200’000$Benefits: Grants, pubblications
Adhere to standards and regulations(soft benefit)
Nuclear Power Plant
Approx. cost: 2’000’000€Benefits: Comply to
regulations, demonstrate safety
Image, prestige and public perception
(soft benefit)
New I35W Bridge
Approx. cost: 500’000$Benefits: Reassure public, help
fast construction, long-term SHM, data for research
Designing SHM Systems to Maximize
Owner’s Benefits
7 STEPS SHM Methodology1. Identify structures needing monitoring2. Acquire information on probable risks
and opportunities from design engineers or owners
3. Establish expected responses4. Design SHM system to detect such
responses and select appropriate sensors
5. Install and calibrate system6. Acquire and manage data7. Asses field data
1: Indentify Structures• New structures including innovative aspects.• New structures with unusual associated risks or
uncertainties, including geological conditions, seismic risk, meteorological risk, aggressive environment, vulnerability during construction, quality of materials and workmanship.
• Structures that are critical at a network level. • New or existing structure which is representative
of a larger population of identical or very similar structures.
• Existing structures with known deficiencies or very low rating.
• Candidates for replacement or major refurbishment works.
2: Risk/Opportunity Analysis• The SHM system designer, the design
engineers or the engineers in charge of the structural assessment and the owner, must jointly identify the risks and opportunities associated with the specific structure and their probability
• The analysis will lead to a list of possible events and degradations that can possibly affect the structure, their impact an probability
• The result of this step is a list of risks and opportunities that must be addressed by the SHM system
3: Responses
• For each risk and opportunity, associate one or several responses that can be observed directly or indirectly
• Roughly quantify the expected responses
• Define locations• Define risks to be addressed by
inspection and by SHM
4: Design SHM System• Select appropriate sensors and
technologies• Consider the required lifetime of the
SHM system• Consider the available budget• Consider reliability and redundancy• Consider installation and schedule
5: Installation and Calibration• Installation and testing of all
components• Verify correct installation in
accordance to the specifications• Site Acceptance Test (SAT)
6: Data Acquisition/ Mng • Database system• Data preservation• Data distribution and access• Documentation of interventions and structural
lifetime
7: Data Assessment
• By analyzing the responses of the structure, the engineer will be able to identify if any of the foreseen risks and degradations have materialized and if any of the opportunities are confirmed
• Establish procedures to respond to the detection of any degradation
• The analysis of the data might prompt for further investigation, including inspection, testing or installation of additional sensors
• Alerts, Warinings and periodic reports.
Retaining Forces
What is limiting SHM?
• Difficulty to estimate costs and benefits
• Too many actors• No resources to
manage SHM projects
• Need Actionable information, not data
• Limited budget
Competitor #1Doing Nothing
Competitor #2Fixing Potholes
Competitor #3Keep doing what you
always did
So…Where is the universal recipe for commercial
success in SHM?
As with any other business,
understanding and satisfying end-user
needs and identifying benefits is crucial
The good SHM designer has two ears, but only one
mouth
The bait must be appealing to the fish, not to the fisherman
80
Cost-Benefits Analysis in SHM ProjectsDaniele Inaudi