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Cosmology at LAMCosmology at LAM
A deep and wide look in the Universe
Jean-Paul Kneib
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille
Cosmology at LAMCosmology at LAM
A growing cosmology centre in France (~20 researchers) Many projects: Observational and Instrumental (for space and ground observatories) A strong link with particle physicist in Luminy (CPPM+CPT)
PeoplePeople
Faculty/Researcher:• Jean-Paul Kneib• Christophe Adami• Stéphane Arnouts• Stéphane Basa• J.-Gabriel Cuby• Jean-Michel Deharveng• Olivier Le Fevre• Vincent Lebrun• Roger Malina• Alain Mazure• Laurence Tresse• Marie Treyer (in Caltech)• Anne Ealet• Charling Tao
PhD students• Marie-Helene Aumenier• Melanie Filiol• Pascale Hibon• Eric Jullo• Sylvain De Latorre • Alexie Leauthaud• Baptiste Meneux
Postdocs• Lidia Tasca• Jacob Walcher
Cosmology ThemesCosmology Themes
• Deep galaxy surveys: a statistical & multi-wavelength approach on galaxy evolution (GALEX, VLT/VIMOS, HST, Spitzer)
• Supernovae in the SNLS: constrain on the cosmological parameters
• Gravitational lensing: Dark matter distribution in bounded structures (clusters, groups & galaxies)
• The first galaxies in the Universe: finding and studying the most distant galaxies (Ly-alpha search, lensing search)
• Physics of clusters of galaxies: from low to higher z• IGM properties: using distant quasars and spectra of
Galex sources.
BIG Galaxy SurveysBIG Galaxy Surveys
500-600 spectra in one shot
2D spectra of a single galaxy
Red
Blue
λ
Measuring Spectra with VIMOS (builtAt LAM) ! Aim to get ~100000 spectra
VLT
VIMOS
Deep Galaxy SurveysDeep Galaxy Surveys
LAM is involved in many different galaxy surveys aiming at tracing galaxy evolution as a function of time up to z~4
VVDS: The “VIMOS VLT Deep Survey”
A I-band magnitude selected survey
- shallow IAB<22.5 on 10 sq degrees (on 5 fields):
~30 000 redshifts
- deep IAB<24 on 1.2 sq. degree: ~15 000 redshifts
N(z), IN(z), IABAB2424<z>=0.76
VVDSredshift desert
Peaks at z~0.8High redshift tail to z~5
VVDS redshift desert: due to 5500-9300Å observations
VVDS: Redshift distributionVVDS: Redshift distribution
Comparing Observations & Comparing Observations & SimulationsSimulations
Constraints on galaxy evolution in the Universe
0.7 < z < 0.80.5 < z < 0.6
0.5 < z < 0.6 0.7 < z < 0.8
Galaxy densities
Courtesie Marinoni
Observations
Simulations
VVDS: Evolution of galaxy types
2-3x increase with z for early types5-10x decrease in latest types
Spectral types (SED fit to photometry)
Early type vs. Latest types LF (2 of 4 types)
Zucca et al. astroph/0506393
High redshift galaxies 1.5<z<4.5
2 to 6 times more galaxies at z~3 than previously thought !
BHZGs: A missing link between various populations seen so far ?LBGs, DRGs, SMBGs, BzK…
Le Fèvre et al., Nature, in press
COSMOS Survey FeaturesCOSMOS Survey FeaturesThe Largest Contiguous Area observed with Hubble (cycle 12-13)The Largest Contiguous Area observed with Hubble (cycle 12-13)
Large Area: 1.4 x 1.4 deg => Cover largest large scale structures (~2.1014 Solar Mass)
=> Rare Objects at high redshift (total of ~2.1016 galaxies)
High Sensitivity ( I ~27 mag, 10) and High Resolution (~0.1”) => Morphology of L* galaxies at z < 2
=> Strong and weak lensing (probe of DM)
Equatorial Field: 10h +02=> Multi- observations from all telescopes
Complementary to other Deep Survey(UDF, GOODS, GEMS, CFHTLS,
VVDS, DEEP, SDSS …)
ACSHUBBLETreasury DataPI:Nick ScovilleCaltech
590 orbits:ACS/F814W(~2 sq.deg)+NICMOS-3/F160W(7% of area)
Shown:477 orbits as ofmid May 2005
NICMOS-31.6 m -- 24mag~7% of area
ACS I-band
1.4
degr
ee
Koekemoer et al
Native: 100k x 100k imageNative: 100k x 100k imageDrizzled: 165k x 165k Drizzled: 165k x 165k => 100 Gb image !!!=> 100 Gb image !!!
Massey et al
Cluster at z=0.73
Weak Lensing
Mass Map on central
1 sq.degree
RREE=1.7”=1.7”
First Strong Lensing First Strong Lensing Systems in COSMOSSystems in COSMOS
RREE=3”=3”
Faure et al
We expect 20-50 strong lensing systems,Sample comparable in size to other stronglensing surveys!!!Probe mass dsitribution and Cosmology(?)
Faint Sample: (270 hours)Ground based Color selected to probe
high redshift (1.5<z<2.5 tail)Blue Low Res grism; UBVR+
BzK selection~13000 redshifts central area
bright catalogue
Faint colour-
selected catalogue
zCOSMOS: VIMOS Redshift surveyzCOSMOS: VIMOS Redshift survey
Bright Sample: (270 hours)ACS selected: IAB<22.5Red Med Res grism -> velocity ~27000 redshifts full area
Other Deep Galaxy SurveysOther Deep Galaxy SurveysCFHT-Legacy survey: Ugriz imaging with Megacam at
CFHT
- WIDE: cosmic shear motivated
- DEEP: galaxy evolution and Supernovae Survey (SNLS)
WIRDS: WIRCAM Deep Surveys
Aim to cover 3 square degrees in the infrared (J,H,K) with the new WIRCAM camera
ZEN: z Equals ~Nine
Narrow-band Lyman alpha survey at z~8.8 using infrared cameras
SuperNova Legacy Survey2003-2008
• CFHT partly dedicated to SN search, 8m telescopes on alert
• Observation every month
• More than 150 SN found
• Hard to do better from the ground
data analysis physics
Supernovae: comological Supernovae: comological constraintsconstraints
Images
Spectra
redshift identification
Ia
magnitude
M ,
Hubble
Cluster LensesCluster Lenses
Cluster of Galaxies are powerful lenses:
Cluster mass distribution Finding high redshift
magnified galaxies Cosmological constraints
(cosmography)
First Light with First Light with Cluster LensesCluster Lenses
Most distant galaxies and their properties, ACS+NICMOS search on HST
Narrow band searches Probing re-ionisation
SpitzerHST
Kneib et al 2004
Future projects
• NIRSPEC on JWST (galaxy evolution, z>7)• DUNE/SNAP (lensing+SN)• ECLAIRS (GRB+high-z)• Participation on HERSCHELL
• EMIR on GRANTECAN (high-z)• Multi-IFU spectrographs on ELTs
(first galaxies and Sne, probing 7<z<18)
Le Next Generation Space Le Next Generation Space Telescope: JWSTTelescope: JWST
NIRSPEC Spectrograph(Astrium/LAM)
Wide Field Imager in SpaceWide Field Imager in Space
IFU spectrograph slicer visible+IR3’’x3’’ , [0.35-1.7]m (LAM)
JDEM/SNAP
JDEM/SNAP
• Probe cosmology and dark energy using lensing and SuperNovae, interest for galaxy evolution
•SNAP and DUNE projects
A unique example a z~6.3 GRBs
Detection with TAROT (OHP)Photometric redshift with VLT
Redshift with Subaru
GRBs are true cosmological probe !
+ 25 s +50 s +70 s
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
TAROT
ECLAIRSHorizon 2009
Interface with satellite
Camera Gamma of 80°x80°Find gamma-ray burst ~5 keV-100 keV
X-ray/optical telescope to Locate the burst within 1 arcmin
Need optical ground based telescope (optical+IR)to produced light curves and measure precise redshift
MOMFIS on OWLMOMFIS on OWL
A multi-object, multi-IFU instruments
Probe the 7<z<18 universe: galaxies and SNe
30 IFUs, 20 mas pixel size for a 50 mas resolution, using Slicers (LAM technology)
Similar concepts for TMT (to be tested on 8-10 meters?)
Developpement of OH supression filter/fibersMOMFIS (preliminary study)
Have a Nice Visit !Have a Nice Visit !