Group 2 H.E.IUMP

Plaque builds up Harden narrows the arteries block blood flow

Rupture blood clot formedAnginaAMI

Age (after 45 in men; 55 in women)Hyperlipidemia (high LDL-C, low HDL-C)Diabetes mellitusHypertensionTobacco use (including secondhand smoke)Male gender (10 15 yrs earlier)Family history of atherosclerotic arterial disease. (

Chest pain:heavy, a pressure sensation, fullness, crushing or squeezingIn the midportion of the thorax and/or the epigastrium the lower jaw, shoulder, arm, and/or back

DyspneaAssociated diaphoresis (or sweating), weakness, nausea, vomiting, anxietySyncope or near syncope without other cause Impairment of cognitive function without other cause

Stable Angina PectorisUnstable Angina PectorisAcute myocardial infarction Associated with physical exertion or stress

Relieved within 510 min by rest and/or sublingual nitroglycerin Crescendo decrescendoAt rest (or with minimal exertion); severe and of new onset (i.e., within the prior 46 weeks) Usually lasting >10 min

Crescendo pattern (i.e., distinctly more severe, prolonged, or frequent than previously).At rest (or with minimal exertion)

Last longer than 20 mins.

Crescendo pattern

Healthy diet:A variety of vegetables and fruitsWhole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy productsProtein foods (meats, poultry without skin, seafood, processed soy products, nuts, seeds, and beans and peas)Low in sodium (salt), added sugars, solid fats, and refined grainsWeight controlQuit smokingKnowingy family history of health problems related to CHD

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Coronary_arteries.svg/400px-Coronary_arteries.svg.png*http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/Figure A shows the location of the heart in the body. Figure B shows a normal coronary artery with normal blood flow. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal coronary artery. Figure C shows a coronary artery narrowed by plaque. The buildup of plaque limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the artery. The inset image shows a cross-section of the plaque-narrowed artery.*http://www.medicinenet.com/heart_attack/page5.htm#what_are_the_risk_factors_for_atherosclerosis_and_heart_attackHigh Blood Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia).A high level of cholesterol in the blood is associated with an increased risk of heart attack because cholesterol is the major component of the plaques deposited in arterial walls. Cholesterol, like oil, cannot dissolve in the blood unless it is combined with special proteins called lipoproteins. (Without combining with lipoproteins, cholesterol in the blood would turn into a solid substance.) The cholesterol in blood is either combined with lipoproteins as very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) or high-density lipoproteins (HDL).The cholesterol that is combined with low-density lipoproteins (LDL cholesterol) is the "bad" cholesterol that deposits cholesterol in arterial plaques. Thus, elevated levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of heart attack.The cholesterol that is combined with HDL (HDL cholesterol) is the "good" cholesterol that removes cholesterol from arterial plaques. Thus, low levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of heart attacks.Measures that lower LDL cholesterol and/or increase HDL cholesterol (losing excess weight, diets low in saturated fats, regular exercise, and medications) have been shown to lower the risk of heart attack. One important class of medications for treating elevated cholesterol levels (thestatins) have actions in addition to lowering LDL cholesterol which also protect against heart attack. Most patients at "high risk" for a heart attack should be on a statin no matter what the levels of their cholesterol.High Blood Pressure (Hypertension).High blood pressure is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and heart attack. Both high systolic pressure (the blood pressure as the heart contracts) and high diastolic pressure (the blood pressure as the heart relaxes) increase the risk of heart attack. It has been shown that controlling hypertension with medications can reduce the risk of heart attack.Tobacco Use (Smoking).Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain chemicals that cause damage to blood vessel walls, accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, and increase the risk of heart attack.Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus).Bothinsulindependent and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2, respectively) are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis throughout the body. Therefore, patients with diabetes mellitus are at higher risk for reduced blood flow to the legs, coronary heart disease, erectile dysfunction, and strokes at an earlier age than nondiabetic subjects. Patients with diabetes can lower their risk through rigorous control of their blood sugar levels, regular exercise,weight control, andproper diets.Male Gender.Men are more likely to suffer heart attacks than women age 75, women are as likely as men to have heart attacks. if they are less than 75 years old. Above Family History of Heart Disease.Individuals with a family history of coronary heart diseases have an increased risk of heart attack. Specifically, the risk is higher if there is a family history of early coronary heart disease, including a heart attack or sudden death before age 55 in the father or other first-degree male relative, or before age 65 in the mother or other female first-degree female relative.*