Livelihoods chu ‘ei leh bar kan zawnna kawng hi a ni’.

Dam khawchhuah nana hma kan lakna, hmanrua leh thil

kan tih hrang hrangte hi a ni.

LIVELIHOOD UNDER IWMP

Lalthanmawia Ralte

Core Faculty (Eco),

SIRD, Mizoram.

Livelihood chu enge ni?

Livelihood

chu miin a nunna

atana a mamawh, a

tel lova a awm

theih loh heng-

eitur, tui, chenna

leh silh leh fen

nei tura hma a

lakna, a eizawnna

hi a ni.

Chutichuan

Livelihood chu

tui, ei leh bar,

ran chaw, damdawi

leh silhfen nei

tura hmalakna

hrang hrang leh

mihring tha leh hmanraw dang hmanga a chunga

mamawh tarlante nei thei tura mimal emaw pawl

kaltlangin emawa a sum lakluh tipung tura hma a

lak dan leh chumi hmanga amah leh a chhungkuate

zahawm taka an khawsak theih nana an mamawh

phuhruk dan hi a ni tiin a hrilhfiah theih.

Livelihood chu a tawi zawngin ‘Eizawnna’ tiin a

sawifiah theih awm e.

Livelihood hmalaknate hi tum khata tlak mai chi

nilovin tih nawn fo ngai chi an ni. Chuvang chuan

Livelihood chu a daih rei tur a ni a, a ngialnghet

tur a ni. Livelihood chu a tlo emaw a ngialnghet kan

tih theih hun chu:-

1. Hun harsa leh hun khirh (khawkheng, tui lian, indo

etc.) pawh dawl zo leh heng hun atang pawha rawn

ding chhuak leh thei a nihin.

2. Leilung hausakna tichhe lova a theihna leh a thil

siam chhuah hlutna a ngaia vawn emaw tih hmasawn a

nihin.

Livelihood hian ze hrang pali pawimawh tak tak a

nei:

I. Income

II. Expenditure

III. Employment

IV. Risk

Livelihood ze hrang hrangte hi a tha zawng emaw a chhe

zawngin emaw an danglam thin a. A hnuaiah hian danglam

tura duhthusam dan entir a ni:

LIVELIHOOD GROUP:

Pawl hrang hrang hmalakna

inang te tan Livelihood (eizawnna) hi a thuhmun

thei. ‘Livelihood Group’ kan tih chu pawl

inhlawmkhawm pakhat, a chhunga miten:-

Hmalakna thuhmun an nei.

Khawtlang leh hnam ziarang inang an nei.

Khawsak phung leh sum leh paiah intluk tlanna an

nei.

LIVELIHOOD FRAMEWORK

Eng nge Livelihood framework chu?

Mimal emaw khawtlangin emaw eizawnna atana hma an

lakna tur thlan kawnga finchhuahtu leh a kawng

kawhhmuhtu a ni.

Livelihood Framework peng hrang hrangte:

Livelihood hi thil chi hrang hrang avangin a awm thei

a, chung thil hrechiang tur chuan heng a hnuai a mite

hi hriatthiam a tul a ni.

Vulnerability context

Livelihood resources or assets

Policies, institutions and processes

Livelihood strategies

Livelihood outcomes or goals

Vulnerability context: Mihringte chenna/nunphung

pawnlam, a chunga thuneihna neih chin an neih leh an

thunun theih miah loh lam a huam. Heng thil te hian

an khawsak phung leh an eizawnna ah harsatna a thlen

thin a ni. Thil chi thum a awm thei

1. Long term trend factor:

Leilung hausakna hi a

kum telin a tlem tawlh

tawlh,

Mihring pem avangin

mipui kan tam lutuk

thei,

Ramchhung inrelbawlna duhthusam loh deuhin a

inthlak thleng thei,

Thil siamchhuah leh tharchhuah a

chawl thuap thei.

2. Risk of shocks: Thawk leh khata inthlak

phut thei, hriat lawk theih lem loh lam a ni.

Entirnan

Khawkheng emaw tuilian emaw lirnghing emaw

avanga sik leh sa lo inthlak danglam nasa

lutukin thing leh ransa a tichimit vek thei.

Tualchhung buaina hian khawtlang nunphung a

tibuai vek thei.

HIV/AIDS leh natna dang hrileng avangin

loneih leh a kaihhnawiha hnathawktute an

inthlak burh thei.

3. Seasonal elements: Sik leh sa leh hunbi inthlak

hian thlai thar chhuah leh a hralhna kawng leh

mihring khawsak phung a tidanglam thei a ni.

Entirnan

Thil man chungchangah danglamna a thlen thei

a. Thil man sang lutuk hian thlai thar

chhuahte lei a ti chak awm lova, hei hian

tharchhuah lam a thlah thlam tir thin a ni.

Inhlawh tur awmdan azirin thlai, loneih leh a

kaihhnawih lama tharchhuahte pawh hi a ti

hlawk lo thei a ni.

Livelihood resources or assets: Mihringte hian

eizawnna tluan tling nei tur chuan assets hrang

hrang kan mamawh: Entirnan

Human assets

Social

assets

Natural

assets

Physical assets

Financial assets

Heng assets hrang hrangte hi an inkungkaih vek a, an

mahni chauh chuan mihring ten eizawnna atanga rahchhuah

hmuh an tum tam tak leh chi hrang hrangte hi pe chhuak

thei an awm lo a ni.

Policies, institutions and

processes: Mihring ten keimahni a

kan insiamchawp, kan livelihood

thiltum kan hmuh theihna tur

atana a kawng min kawhhmuh theitu

lam hi a ni. Kil tinah hmuh tur a

awm, inchhungkhur atanga rampawn

thlengin, mimal atanga vantlang

thleng pawhin. Eng eizawnna kawng

nge kan thlan dawn a, eng ang hlawkna nge kan hmuh

ang a, eng ang hmanrua nge kan

hman ang a, eng thutlukna nge kan

siam ang tih te hi nasa takin an

nghawng a ni.

Policies (agricultural,

land tenure or land use)

hi chhiatna lo thleng thei thlen tirtu emaw

lo vengtu emaw atan hmanrua a ni thei.

Institution (civic, political or economic)

rintlak emaw rorelna leh a kalphung tha hian

mipuite leh an hamthatna a veng thei.

Kan kalphung (Processes) hian a chunga kan

sawi tak institutions te leh mipuite an thawh

ho a hma an lak dun dan hi a hril a, Heng ei

leh bar dinhmun danglam te, inhlawhfak

kalphung leh thil hralh lama danglamna lo awm

te hi a huam thei.

Livelihood Strategies: Khawsak phung

pangngaia kan nun ve theih nan eng

china zau nge tih leh engah te hian

nge hma kan lak ang tih thutlukna siam

thiam hi eizawnna tur thlan dawn hian

a pawimawhin chumi mila hmalak thiam

chu a tha. Eizawnna kawng hi chi

hnihin a then theih:

1. Natural resource-base (thlawhhma lak, ran

vulh, puantah etc)

2. Non-natural resource-base (sumdawn leh a

kaihhnawih)

Livelihood outcomes or goals: Livelihood atana

ruahmanna in a tum ber chu

mipuite mamawh a daihzai thei

ang ber leh a tha thei ang

bera pek hi a ni. Livelihood

ruahmanna tha avangin heng a

hnuaia rahchhuahte hi beisei

theih an ni.

1. Ei leh bara intodelhna

2. Nunphung a hmasawnna

3. Khawsak phung

derthawnna a tinep

4. Sum leh pai dinhmun a hmasawnna

5. Leilung hausakna hun rei zawk kan hman

theihna turin a siam tha

IWMP-ah Livelihood

IWMP Common Guidelines hian

Livelihood hmalakna kalpui

turin in leh lo emaw ram leh

huan emaw nei ve lo te hi

hmalak hmasakna tur atan a dah

pawimawh hle a, hemi a nih

avang hian project atâna sum

leh pai lut zawng zawng zinga

za a pakua (9%) hi Livelihood

hmalakna bil atan liau liau a

dah hran a ni. Ram buâ chei

leh ngaw humhalh lam ngawr

ngawr a tha leh tui te hmang

zo lova Project huamchhung mi leh sa ten kawng hran

hrana hlawk zawk a in lam eizawnna kawnga an thiamna

neih te an chhawr tangkai leh zual theih nan kawng

kawhmuh hi a tum ber pakhat a ni a. He inkaihhruaina

hmanga mi rethei zawkte leh pachhe zawk ten in leh lo

emaw huan leh ram nghet emaw te an lo neih ve theih nan

sum deh chhuah leh thlai thar te pei punna lama an

intahluh ve theihna hun remchang siam sak a tum ni. Hei

hian resource hmun khat atanga hlawkna leh hamthatna

sum deh chhuahna leh khawsakphung a hmasawnna mitin te

tan a siam a ni.

Livelihood hmasawnna atana inkaihhruaina dan:

Livelihood hmalakna hian kalphung feltak nei a,a hmei a

pâ thliar lovin in khuangrual tak leh langtlang thei

ang ber a leilung hausakna hmang tangkai chunga mi

harsa te hmasawnna rahbi thar a hlan kai hi a ngaih

pawimawh ber ni.

a. Rethei zawk ten in leh lo nghet

an lo neih ve theihna tura

eizawnna lama tam zawk thar

tura hma an lak ve theihna hun

remchang siam sak.

b. Hnam hnuaihnung bik te, veng

hnufum bik te, huanlo ram neilo

te leh hmeichhe awm nem zawkte

abik taka chhawmdawl leh

chawikan.

c. Hamthatna dawng tur thlan chungchangah

induhsakna hleihluak awm lova langtlang thei ang

bera kalpui.

Livelihood ruahmanna:

i. Watershed chungchanga hmalatu tur

pâwl thlante mawhphurhna chu

project hnuaia Livelihood hamthatna

leh hmalakna tihpuitlin hi a ni.

ii. Hmalakna ina hamthatna dawngtu tur

dik tak leh a chhawrtu tur dik tak

te a hmaih loh nan Livelihood

kalphung inhrilh hriatna Vantlang

inkhawm emaw a tlukpui intawhkhawmna

emaw huaihawt tur a ni.

iii. Livelihood kaihhnawih bika hmalak

dan tur chipchiar taka ziahna

“Livelihood Action Plan (LAP)” behchhana sum hi

pek chhuah tur a ni.

iv. Livelihood Action Plan (LAP) hi IWMP Project

hnuaia hmalakdan tur chi hrang hrangte duan

rualin Project Implementing Agency (PIA)-te’n

WDT leh Watershed Committee-te, SHG members-te,

huan lo ram nghet nei lote leh eizawnna

ngelnghet neilote rawn chungin a duang tur a

ni. LAP hi Detail Project Report (DPR) siamna

atan akila lung pawimawh ber te zing ami a ni

a, Livelihood Plan a that zawk nan PIA ten he

mi chungchang a mi thiam bik team ami emaw

agency ami emaw hunchhung nei in a ruai thei

ang, heng mithiam te rawih nan hian

Administrative Cost atangin sum a pawt peng

thei ang. Tin, PIA te hian 2nd Installment

pekchhuah hmain an hmalak lehna tur zâu atan

LAP hi an siam ngei tur a ni.

v. MGNREGS, NRLM leh

programme dang dang

te, eizawnna kawng

chi hran hran tana

hma la ve tho te nen thuangkhata hmalakna a kal

theihna turin PIA ten hma an la tur a ni.

vi. He ruahmanna duan (LAP) hian, hmalakna ina a

huam khuate sum leh pai dinhmun uluk taka zir

chiangin, an tûn dinhmunte

diktakin a pholang tur a ni.

Hriattur pawimawh awm ang

ang te lak khawm nan PRA

hmangin emaw pâwlho te ti ti

puiin (focus group

discussion) emaw a puipunna

huaihawt tur a ni. He

ruamhmanna duan (LAP) hian hmachhawp te pho

langin, Mahni in tanpuitu pâwl (SHGs) tanpuitur

zatte leh a hlawkna rahchhuah tur mitthla theih

turin a pholang tur a ni.

vii. Livelihood Action Plan ziahna hi SHGs-te leh

Vantlang hruaitute hmuh theih tur a dah ve tur

ani.

viii. Mipui leh Project chhawrtu zawng zawngte

berawn chungin Livelihood Action Plan hi PIA-

ten an mamawh ang zel leh a tul ang zelin an ti

danglam thei ang.

Hmalak dan tur:

a) Livelihood Action Plan-hi Self Help Group leh a

thuihhruai pâwl dangte hmanga tih puitlin tur a ni

a. Heti anih lai hian mimal tana hman tangkai ve

theih tur Livelihood sum dawn za a sawm (10%) hi

dah hran a ni ve tho a ni.

b) SHGs lo hmingtha tawhsa te emaw SHGs mihring 5 –

20 ina andin thar ten emaw Livelihood hnuaia

hmachhawp hrang hrangte hi an kal pui thei ang.

c) Livelihood hnuaia SHG a tel tur thlan dawnin

khawsak phung intluk tlang deuh, tuina thuhmun,

mamawh inangkhat tlang te awm khawmna bik pâwl

then hrang hrang siam tur a ni .

d) SHG hian hmalakna hi SHG huâng chhungah a huhova

hmasawn nan emaw, mimal bil (a inchawk) a hmasawn

nan emaw thuang hnihin an kalpui thei ve ve a.

Mimal hamthat nana sum leh pai te hman a nih reng

rengin SHG in a sum leh pai chelek chungchangah

leh a hnathawh dan chungchangah thu a nei ang.

e) Mimal thahnemngaihna avanga Livelihood

chungchangah rawtna; amah emaw midang emaw tana

sum leh pai pûk theihna tur ruamhmanna thlen a nih

reng rengin Watershed Committee te sawipuina

behchhanin Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC)

in uluk takin a ngaihtuah ang a, sum leh pai

tanpuina a sem chhuah hma in thutlukna a siam tur

a ni. Nimahsela, mimal tana sum puk theih hi

Livelihood sum za a sawm (10%) aia tam a ni tur a

ni lo.

Livelihood component hnuaia sum

leh pai tanpuina dawn theih

dan:

i. Livelihood component

zârzotû turte zingah

vantlang rualpâwl phak lote,

hnam hnuaihnung zawkte, in

leh lo huan hmun nghet nei zo lote leh hmeichhiate

thlan tel tur an ni, PRA hmanga zirchianna

behchhanin dinhmun hnuaihnunga ding rau rau

hmeichhiate zingah pawh chhungkhat pa neilote leh

hnam hnuaihnung bik (ST/SC)-te leh sum leh pai

dinhmuna pachhe zawkte duhsak tur an ni.

ii. SHG pakhat chhungah chhûngtin atangin mi

pakhat aia tam a tel theih loh ang.

iii. SHG hmeichhe pâwl te ngaih pawimawh bik tur

an ni.

Budget: Project sum zawng zawng atanga

zâ-apakua (9%) hi Livelihood atana dah a

ni.

Sum pekchhuah dan kalphung leh enkawl dan:

Livelihood sum tur hi Project sum dawn zawng zawng

atanga la chhuakin Watershed Committee-te account

ah dah luh tur a ni.

Anni hian sum leh pai a chhawmdawl ngaite puih nan

(SHGs te sumlû lûmlet tur atante, SHGs-te

inrelbawlna tih paukhauh nan te/ SHG peng tenau

zawk ten Livelihood hnuaia hma lian zawka an lak

theih nan te) an hmang ang.

Livelihood tana sum dawn zawng zawng atangin a lo

berah zâ-a sawmsarih (70%) hi SHGs chhunga sum

lûmlet(revolving fund) tur atan bik hman tur a ni

a, hengte hian mimal intunnun-na

tur pawh a keng tel ang. Tin, sum za a sawmthum

(30%) hi SHGs leh a peng hnuaihnung zawkte

inrêlbawlna tih phuisui nan hman theih a ni.

Revolving Fund atana seed money:

SHG tan:

SHG reng rengin sum an mamawh in Watershed

Committee (WC) ah dîlna an thlen tur a ni ; heng

dilnate hi ngunthlûk taka WC rorelnaah te sawi ho

a nih hnuah rem an tih tlan chuan SHG-te sum

mamawh dan anga zirin sum an pe thei ang.

Sum lumlet tur atan sum lû Rs. 25,000 hi SHG ten

hmalakna tur ruangâm WC-a an theh luh hnuah,

Livelihood hmalakna huang chhung ami a nih chuan

WC te pawmpuina in sum hi pek an ni ang.

SHG ten sumlu atan a an lak chu a thla bi in emaw

an rûl (repay) leh tur a ni a, heng sum tlingkhawm

leh te hi anmahni ah vêk emaw pâwl dangah emaw WC-

te thutlukna mila sem leh a ni ang. Tin, sumlû

rulh chungchangah pawl chak dan leh hmalakna a zir

in emaw an sum dinhmuna zirin emaw pawisa rulhna

sum tam lam tur hi WC-in an bitukang. Tin, heng

sumte hi thla sawmpariat (18) chhungin rulh zawh

ngei tur a ni.

Sum fai a mimal kuta sum sem hi

tih loh tur a ni a, Cheque a pek

tur a ni. Tin, Pawisa pek chhuah

hma in SHG in an pawl chhunga mi

pahnih (2) hmingin Bank ah

account intawm an hawng tur a

ni.

Enterprising Individuals tan:

Sum leh pai mimal tana hman anih dawn reng rengin

Livelihood nen inkaihhnawiha hmalakna tur

ruahmante tarlangin Watershed Committee (WC)-ah a

thlen tur a ni. Tin, dilna te chu ngunthlûk taka

WC rorelnaah sawiho anih hnuin rem an tih tlan

chuan PIA ten WCDC-ah an dilsak anga, sumlû

inhmanchhawk tur chu pek chhuah an ni ang.

Heng rorelna ah te hian sum leh pai chhawmdawlna

dîltu te chu an telve ngei tur a ni a, tin, sum

leh paia tanpui tur an thlanchhuah takte chu an

dinhmun inthlauhna leh ngaih pawimawh dan tur

indawt a zirin huang hran hranah thliar hran tur a

ni a, chhawmdâwlna in a huap kim zawk theih nan

tanpuina an pek leh turte ngaih pawimawh dan pawh

hemi behchhan a thlan tur hi a ni ang.

WCDC in rem a tih hnuah Wateshed Committee-ten sum

an pe chhuak ang. Mimal tinte sum lu lak chu a

thla bi in emaw rulh leh tur a ni a, heng sum

tlingkhawm leh te hi an mahni ah vêk emaw pâwl

dangah emaw WC-te thutlukna anga sem leh a ni ang.

Sumlu rulh chungchangah mimal theihna leh hmalakna

a zirin emaw an sum dinhmun

a zirin emaw pawisa rulhna

sum tam lam tur hi WC-in an

bituk ang. Tin, heng sum te

hi thla sawmpariat (18)

chhungin pek kir leh ngei

tur a ni.

Mimal chungchang bikah chuan anmahni remchan anga

an lakchhuah mai theih turin an Account-ah Cheque

hmangin sum dah luh sak tur a ni.

Major Livelihood activities atana sum awm theih dan:

Project hnuai a SHG emaw a

kaihhnawih pâwl tenau zawk

ten (a lo berah pâwl panga

tal inzawmkhawm in)

hmachhawp lian tham

Livelihood hmalakna huang

zauh thei tur emaw chak

zawka kal theihna tur emaw

ruahmanna an neihin Loan an

dîl thei ang. Hemi dîl tur hian WC ten WCDC-ah an

thlen pui anga, anni hi project enkawltu

Department leh Bank-te nen inrawnkhawm in, tul an

tih chuan sum an hman tir thei ang.

Hmalakna tur hmachhawp a len a zir zelin Loan

(tanpuina sum fai emaw) an dawng thei ang. Tin, he

tanpuina tur sum hi hmalakna tur senso zawng zawng

zâ-a 50 (50 % of the cost of activity) emaw cheng

nuaih hnih (2 Lakhs) emaw, hemi pahniha a tlem

zawk zawk hi a ni tur a. Chubakah, tanpuina sum an

dawn hian Livelihood tana sum dah zâ-a sawmthum

(30%) a pel tur a nilo, chu chu Project tana sum

dawn zawng zawng zâ-a pakua (9%) tihna a ni.