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Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved Page 1
Who Moved My RISK???Who Moved My RISK???
Integrating Risk Efforts Between Integrating Risk Efforts Between Systems Engineering & Project Systems Engineering & Project
ManagementManagementBecky Reed/President & CEO Becky Reed/President & CEO
Steve Waddell/Vice-PresidentSteve Waddell/Vice-President
Reed Integration, Inc.Reed Integration, Inc.
Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved Page 2
In theory all life is interconnected….
What are the weak and strong forces connecting the biosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere at regional to
continental scales?
Customer Vision for Project XCustomer Vision for Project X
Page 3Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Project XProject X A continental-scale research instrument,A continental-scale research instrument, Geographically distributed infrastructure,Geographically distributed infrastructure, Networked state-of-the-art communications system, Networked state-of-the-art communications system, Cutting edge lab and field instrumentation,Cutting edge lab and field instrumentation, Site based experimental infrastructure,Site based experimental infrastructure, Natural history archive facilities,Natural history archive facilities, Computation, analytical, and modeling capability, Computation, analytical, and modeling capability, Wall-to-wall remote sensing coverage,Wall-to-wall remote sensing coverage, A linked computational network.A linked computational network.
Project X is a national research platform to provide fundamental knowledge about the biosphere and biospheric processes operating at regional to continental scales. Project X infrastructure will sense, measure, and forecast changes in the biosphere resulting from regional to continental scale climate and landuse change.
Page 4Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
The RealityThe Reality
4
Multiple “pieces”…….
Data
ResearchersFacilities
Fixed Towers
Inst
rum
enta
tion
Cyberinfrastructure
Mobile/Relocateable Platforms
Airborne Observatory Project X Employees
Page 5Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
…….to be integrated into one .to be integrated into one functional networkfunctional network
Page 6Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Project X SE ApproachProject X SE Approach
Systems Engineering Planning
Systems Engineering Controls
Project X Systems Engineering Approach
Interface Definition & ControlTrade StudiesArchitecture Definition
Requirements Capture,Development, & Management
System Development & Analysis
TraceabilityRequirements Management Database
Integration &Verification
Testing, Demonstration, Analysis, InspectionConstruction, Installation, Certification
Risk ManagementConfiguration ManagementDesign Reviews
Delivery & Operations
Feedback of Test Data, Analysis Results Feedback of Test Data,
Analysis Results
Page 7Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Requirements Analysis ApproachRequirements Analysis Approach
ORD.1 Intelligence Information System Source Requirements
Date:August 3, 1996
Author:System Engineer
Number: Name:
documents documents documents
incorporates incorporates incorporates incorporates
generates causes
constrained by
ORD.1
IntelligenceInformation SystemSource Require...
Document
OR.1
SpecificRequirements
OriginatingRequir...
OR.1.1
Accept Requests
OriginatingRequir...
I.1
Media of Requests
Issue
OR.1.2
Retain Inventory
OriginatingRequir...
OR.1.3
Control MultipleSensors
OriginatingRequir...
OR.1.4
Maximum Staff
OriginatingRequir...
R.1
Staffing Per Shift
Risk
OR.2
Continuous Support
OriginatingRequir...
SYS.1
IntelligenceInformation System
System
C.1
ContinuousOperation
ConstraintDate:
October 27, 1997Author:
System Engineer
Number:U.1
Name:Context (Root Function For Universe)
AND
C.1
Perform CustomerFunctions
0
Operate IntelligenceInformation System
C.2
Perform CollectorFunctions
AND
products requests
data
status
tasking
Date:August 4, 1996
Author:System Engineer
Number:C.0
Name:Universe
built from built from built from
C.0
Universe
External System
C.1
Customers
External System
C.2
Collectors
External System
SYS.1
IntelligenceInformation System
System
Architecture Domain
Requirements trace to behavior
Requirements trace to physical components
Function Assess Kill
Function Perform Intercept
Function Request Intercept
Function (With Exits) Discrimina
Function Threat Track
Function Detect & Initiate Track
Resource MIPS
0
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 57.0
Source Requirements Domain
V&V Domain
Behavior Domain
Behavior is allocated to physical components
verified by
verified by
verified by
Architecture
Analysis
Behavior Analysis
Design V & V
Source Requirements Analysis
CORECORERepositoryRepository
© 2006 Vitech Corporation. All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved Page 8
SustainabilitySustainability
Project X integrates science-based data
across the continental U.S.,
Alaska, and Hawaii to support research,
forecasting, and education for a minimum of 30
years
Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved Page 9
Project X Risk Register 25-Apr-2007
Item Risk ID Risk Statements (If, then)
Source of Risk
Proba-
bility (1-5)
Impact (1-5)
Risk Factor (P X I)
Impact Time
Frame Risk Response Strategy Risk Owner Response Status
1
P-001 If the identification of a permanent project manager is delayed long term, then the project activities (scope, schedule, budget) could go off track due to lack of guidance.
Plan Updateprior to CDR
3 5 15 Jan-07 Candidate interviews in January 2007
D. Jones CLOSED: Feb 2007 - Project Manager hired and on board.
2
P-002 If the requirements are not clearly defined, reviewed and baselined, then design changes will be ongoing causing cost and schedule impacts.
Plan Update prior to CDR
2 4 8 Ongoing Sep. 2006: Science Requirements Doc. (SRD) was drafted and will be distributed for review with CDR documentation.
SE March 07: SRD baselined with system functional & performance requirements. Section 5.0 Science Reqts in development for PDR.
3
P-003 If Project X has to purchase or rent site property, project cost will increase.
Plan Update prior to CDR
3 4 12 2007 April 2007: Need to revisit budget allocation or determine other options
R. Shultz
RE-OPENED: April 2007: Funding not in budget. CLOSED: Oct. 2006 - Funding was added to budget to include leasing of site property.
Project X Risk Register ExcerptProject X Risk Register Excerpt
Page 10Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
OverviewOverview
Project XProject X BiosBios SE and PM Roles and ResponsibilitiesSE and PM Roles and Responsibilities Risk Terminology and ProcessesRisk Terminology and Processes Risk Management Implementation & Risk Management Implementation &
IntegrationIntegration ConclusionConclusion Shameless PlugShameless Plug
Page 11Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
• Reed Integration, Inc., Hampton Roads, VA President and CEO, Technical Solutions and TrainingCertified Systems Engineering Professional (CSEP), INCOSE
• INCOSE: •Member Board Representative – Region V 2007•Hampton Roads Chapter: President 2006, Vice-President 2005•Huntsville Chapter: President 2000-2003 (UAH SE Certificate Program)
• Peninsula Engineers Council (PEC): President May 2005 – May 2007
MORGAN Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL and Hampton Roads, VAProgram Development Manager, Science & Engineering ProgramsSystems Eng & Integration WBS Manager, ISS microgravity research
projectBWX Technologies, Inc., Lynchburg, VA & Livermore, CA
Systems Engineering Manager, Separator Engineering Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Lead Integration Engineer, medical isotope target manufacturing project Project Lead Systems Engineer, new technology nuclear programSystems Engineer, Accelerator and Magnet Systems Division
Boeing consultant/Computer Sciences Corporation, Huntsville, ALInformation Systems Engineer for MSFC Propulsion Lab; PrISMS contract
Grumman Aerospace Corporation, Huntsville, ALLead Systems Engineer, Space Station Freedom Program
Becky Reed, CSEPBecky Reed, CSEP
Page 12Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Steve Waddell, MBA, PMPSteve Waddell, MBA, PMP©©
Reed Integration, Inc. Hampton Roads, VA Reed Integration, Inc. Hampton Roads, VA Vice President of Strategy for Reed Integration, Inc, Vice President of Strategy for Reed Integration, Inc, Technical Solutions and TrainingTechnical Solutions and Training
Certified Project Management Professional (PMPCertified Project Management Professional (PMP)) – Project Management – Project Management Institute (PMI)Institute (PMI)
Certified Competent Toastmaster (CTM) Certified Competent Toastmaster (CTM) – Toastmasters, International.– Toastmasters, International. PMIPMI, , ViceVice President, Special ProjectsPresident, Special Projects, , Hampton Roads Chapter 2003-2006Hampton Roads Chapter 2003-2006 HRA INCOSEHRA INCOSE, , President/Past PresidentPresident/Past President,, Hampton Roads Chapter 2001- Hampton Roads Chapter 2001-
2002 / 20032002 / 2003 ToastmastersToastmasters, Vice President - Marketing, , Vice President - Marketing, Peninsula Chapter 2003Peninsula Chapter 2003 Certified NASA Continuous Risk Management (CRM) Instructor Certified NASA Continuous Risk Management (CRM) Instructor
Northrop Grumman IT - Newport News, VANorthrop Grumman IT - Newport News, VA– – Senior Project ManagerSenior Project Manager
UC Irvin – Hawthorne, CA / Hampton Roads, VAUC Irvin – Hawthorne, CA / Hampton Roads, VA– – Lead Instructor, Project Management Certificate ProgramLead Instructor, Project Management Certificate Program
Naptheon – Newport News, VANaptheon – Newport News, VA– – Strategy and MarketingStrategy and Marketing
Florida Institute of Technology – Melbourne, FL / Hampton Roads VAFlorida Institute of Technology – Melbourne, FL / Hampton Roads VA– – Adjunct Professor, Graduate ProgramsAdjunct Professor, Graduate Programs
Newport News Shipbuilding – Newport News, VANewport News Shipbuilding – Newport News, VA– – Lead Systems Engineer / Risk Management Subject Matter Expert, Systems EngineeringLead Systems Engineer / Risk Management Subject Matter Expert, Systems Engineering
– – Shift Refueling Engineer, USS EnterpriseShift Refueling Engineer, USS Enterprise
Page 13Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Systems Engineer and Project Systems Engineer and Project Manager Roles are DifferentManager Roles are Different
The Role of Systems Engineer is to:The Role of Systems Engineer is to: Represent the Project Manager in managing the project’s Represent the Project Manager in managing the project’s
technical effort.* E.G. -technical effort.* E.G. - Define, clarify, and document requirements; perform trade Define, clarify, and document requirements; perform trade
studies; recognize when interface impacts might occur, and studies; recognize when interface impacts might occur, and take early action to avoid problems.*take early action to avoid problems.*
The Role Project Manager is:The Role Project Manager is: The person assigned by the performing organization to The person assigned by the performing organization to
achieve the project objectives.** Primarily, achieve the project objectives.** Primarily, Deliver the Deliver the specifiedspecified quality of goods and quality of goods and
services, on schedule, within budget.services, on schedule, within budget.**PMBOK Guide 3rd Edition Glossary pg 369
Each of these roles has shared responsibilities
– The allocation of responsibilities depends upon the project
*INCOSE Sys Eng Handbook Ver 2.a
Page 14Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Typical Division of ResponsibilitiesTypical Division of Responsibilities
Project Leadership Project Planning Schedule Management Cost Allocation & Management Acquires Resources Project Communication Quality Management Monitors Project Progress Holds Customer Status Meetings Status Reports (cost, etc.) Replans Project if Needed Risk Management Issue Management Customer Interface Lessons Learned Reward and Recognition
Plans Technical Management Effort Provides Input to Project Plan Defines, Manages Requirements Develops and Synthesizes System
Architecture Trade Studies Controls RM, CM Supports QA Defines and controls interfaces Technical Integration Provides Technical Status Requirements Traceability Matrix V&V Plan and Implementation Technical Risk Management Technical Lessons Learned Clean up after project management
The Systems Engineer = technical right arm of the PM!
Project Manager Systems Engineer
Page 15Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk and Risk ManagementRisk and Risk Management What is Risk?What is Risk?
An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project’s has a positive or negative effect on a project’s objectives. objectives. (A Guide to the PMBOK, 3(A Guide to the PMBOK, 3rdrd Ed) Ed)
““A measure of the uncertainty of attaining a A measure of the uncertainty of attaining a goal, objective, or requirement pertaining to goal, objective, or requirement pertaining to technical performance, cost, and schedule.” technical performance, cost, and schedule.” (INCOSE Handbook)(INCOSE Handbook)
What is Risk Management?What is Risk Management? Systematic method for identifying, assessing, Systematic method for identifying, assessing,
mitigating, and monitoring / controlling mitigating, and monitoring / controlling unplanned events that may impact a projectunplanned events that may impact a project
Page 16Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk Terms and Roles: Risk Terms and Roles: SE PerspectiveSE Perspective
INCOSE Handbook:INCOSE Handbook: ““A measure of the uncertainty of A measure of the uncertainty of
attaining a goal, objective, or attaining a goal, objective, or requirement pertaining to technical requirement pertaining to technical performance, cost, and schedule.” performance, cost, and schedule.”
Technical focus for SETechnical focus for SE
Page 17Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk Terms and Roles: Risk Terms and Roles: SE PerspectiveSE Perspective
INCOSE Handbook:INCOSE Handbook: Risk has two components –Risk has two components –
LikelihoodLikelihood that an undesirable event will that an undesirable event will
occuroccur Likelihood is often expressed as a Likelihood is often expressed as a probabilityprobability
ConsequenceConsequence of the event if it does occur. of the event if it does occur. Consequence is expressed in terms that depend Consequence is expressed in terms that depend
on the nature of the event (e.g., dollars, on the nature of the event (e.g., dollars, performance loss). performance loss).
Page 18Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk Terms and Roles: Risk Terms and Roles: PMI PerspectivePMI Perspective
PMI includes negative and positive PMI includes negative and positive impactimpact Can you have a risk that has both?Can you have a risk that has both?
Page 19Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Rumsfeld on Types of RiskRumsfeld on Types of Risk
What does he really mean?
Page 20Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Performance Measurement Baseline Performance Measurement Baseline and Management Reserveand Management Reserve
Contract PriceContract Price
KnownEffort
ContractPrice Minus
Fee/Profit = BB Minus MR
= PMB
PerformanceMeasurement Baseline (PMB)
PerformanceMeasurement Baseline (PMB)
ManagementReserve
ManagementReserve
Target Profit / Fee
Target Profit / Fee
Budget Base (CBB)Budget Base (CBB)
Withheld For Risk &
Unknowns
Page 21Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk vs ProblemRisk vs Problem
Problem: No uncertainty remains, risk has occurred and the consequences must be dealt with.
Risk: Not 100% certain trees will fall, may or may not happen, could choose to wait before taking any action depending upon budget priorities.
What is the difference between a risk and a problem?
Page 22Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk Sources – Everyone Agrees!Risk Sources – Everyone Agrees!
TechnicalRisk
Cost RiskSchedule
Risk
Lim
ited
Fund
sTe
chni
cal P
robl
ems
Imposed Budgets
ThreatChanges
Com
pressed Schedules
Technical Problem
sDemand Schedules
Schedule Slips
ProgrammaticRisk
POLITIC
S!
PERSO
NNEL!
NEWREQUIREMENTS!
WEATHER!
FACILI
TIES
!
INCOSE SE Handbook v2a
Page 23Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Balancing ActBalancing Act
“Developing the Aircraft Carrier Risk Management Process”, INCOSE Mid-Atlantic Regional Conference 1999, Waddell
Page 24Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Technical Risk
Schedule Risk
Components of RiskComponents of Risk
Cost Risk
Schedule Risk
Cost Risk
Technical Risk
Page 25Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
What is the Triple Constraint?What is the Triple Constraint?Project management involves competing demands between cost (including quality and risk), schedule, and performance. This is sometimes called the Triple Constraint, or Iron Triangle. The triple constraint is a framework for evaluating competing project demands.
Time/ Schedule
Cost/Resources
Scope/Quality/Performance
*PMBOK Guide 3rd Edition pg 8
It is shown as an equilateral triangle to illustrate that all three are in balance.
RII / ODU Fundamentals of Project Management Course
Page 26Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Managing the Triple ConstraintManaging the Triple Constraint
Scope
Time
Initial Project Plan has these time, cost, and scope constraints.
During the course of the project, if you must decrease your project schedule, you may have to decrease scope also to get there.
Time
Or decrease scope.
Cost Cost
Scope
RII / ODU Fundamentals of Project Management Course
Page 27Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
How do you know which How do you know which constraint to change?constraint to change?
You analyze the hierarchy of the constraints.
Identify: The “Driver” - Met at all costs.The “Middle Constraint” - Greater flexibility than “Driver”,
Less flexibility than Weak ConstraintThe “Weak Constraint” - Most Flexible
Time
Cost
Scope/Quality/Performance
RII / ODU Fundamentals of Project Management Course
Page 28Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
PrioritizationPrioritizationEnsuring All Stakeholders Agree on PrioritizationDifferent stakeholders have different priorities, and typically, the sponsor is not the only major stakeholder. There can be key stakeholders both internal and external to the project. Therefore, it is up to the project manager to ensure all stakeholders have agreed to the pre-determined priority of the triple constraint components.
Ultimately, the sponsor is the one funding the project, and should therefore have the final say……
Cost Performance
Schedule
Driver (Fixed) Middle Constraint Weak Constraint
RII / ODU Fundamentals of Project Management Course
Page 29Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
INCOSE Risk Management Process
1. PlanningEstablishment of the risk
management program plan and
assignment of responsibilities
2. Risk IdentificationAnticipation, recognition &
prioritization of potential
adverse outcomes and the
associated root causes
3. Risk AssessmentCharacterization of the
Magnitude and likelihood of
risks, to the depth warranted
4. Risk AnalysisEvaluation of costs and benefits
associated with available risk
mitigation options, if needed
5. Risk HandlingProgram intervention to reduce
or eliminate risks, if justified,
and tracking to assure success
ProgramManagement &
SystemsEngineering
Requirements, Functions& System Elements
Modifications to
program plan
1. PlanningEstablishment of the risk
management program plan and
assignment of responsibilities
2. Risk IdentificationAnticipation, recognition &
prioritization of potential
adverse outcomes and the
associated root causes
3. Risk AssessmentCharacterization of the
Magnitude and likelihood of
risks, to the depth warranted
4. Risk AnalysisEvaluation of costs and benefits
associated with available risk
mitigation options, if needed
5. Risk HandlingProgram intervention to reduce
or eliminate risks, if justified,
and tracking to assure success
ProgramManagement &
SystemsEngineering
Requirements, Functions& System Elements
Modifications to
program plan
INCOSE SE Handbookv2a Chapter 6
Page 30Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk Management ProcessRisk Management Process
RiskIdentificatio
n
Qualitative Risk
Assessment
Risk Respons
e Planning
Risk Monitorin
g and Control
Quantitative Risk
Assessment
RiskManagement Planning
“A Lean Approach to Risk Management”, NASA PM Challenge, 2006 Waddell/Reed
Page 31Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
PMI Assessment ProcessPMI Assessment Process
Probability and Impact Matrix
Threats Opportunities
Pro
bab
ility
.90 0.05 0.09 0.18 0.36 0.72 0.72 0.36 0.18 0.09 0.05
.70 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.28 0.56 0.56 0.28 0.14 0.07 0.04
.50 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.03
.30 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.24 0.24 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.02
.10 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.20 0.01 0.5
Impact 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.80 0.80 0.40 0.20 0.10 0.05
High – Major project disruption Medium – Moderate disruption
Low – Minimum Impact
KEY:
Medium – Moderate improvement
Low – Minimal Improvement
High – Major project improvement .18 - .72
.06 - .14
.01 - .05
.18 - .72
.06 - .14
.01 - .05
The Systems Engineer should also look for technical opportunities as well!
Page 32Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
“A Lean Approach to Risk Management”, NASA PM Challenge, 2006 Waddell/Reed
INCOSE & PMI INCOSE & PMI Processes Are SimilarProcesses Are Similar
Qualitative Risk Assessment
Risk Response Planning
Risk Monitoring and Control
Quantitative Risk Assessment
RiskManagement Planning
Mitigate (neg) /
Enhance (opp)Risk
Transfer (neg) /Share (opp)
Risk
Accept (neg) /
Accept (opp)Risk
Avoid (neg) /Exploit (opp)
Risk
RiskIdentification
Risk Management
Page 33Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk Response – INCOSERisk Response – INCOSE
Accept
Avoid
Transfer
• Risk is yours• Risk Exposure is low (acceptable)• Cost to absorb risk < cost to
mitigate / watch
• Do nothing now• Plan to absorb the risk
when it comes through a contingency reserve.
• Risk is yours• Risk Exposure is on the med.-high
side • Cost to mitigate or avoid < cost to
absorb risk
• Reduce the probability and/or impact by developing and executing a risk handling plan
• Monitor risks for change
• Risk is yours• Risk Exposure is med. or high• Cost to avoid < cost to absorb risk
• Change the project plan to eliminate the threat or relax the objective that is in jeopardy
• Risk is better handled by someone else.
• Responsibility, accountability & authority can be transferred to someone else
Allocate RAA to a 3rd party. Can involve the use of insurance, payment of a risk premium, etc.
Mitigate
Approach Select When
Actions Taken
Page 34Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Risk Response – INCOSERisk Response – INCOSE/PMI/PMI
Accept
• Risk is yours• Risk Exposure is low (acceptable)• Cost to absorb risk < cost to
mitigate / watch• Opportunity gained < cost to
exploit or enhance
• Do nothing now• Plan to absorb the risk when it
comes through a contingency reserve.
• Periodically monitor to determine if the opportunity occurred.
• Risk is yours• Risk Exposure is med. or high side • Cost to mitigate < cost to absorb
risk• Opportunity gained > cost to
exploit or enhance
• Reduce the probability and/or impact by developing and executing a risk handling plan
• Modify the “size” of the opportunity by increasing probability and/or positive impact
• Risk is yours• Risk Exposure is med. or high• Cost to avoid < cost to absorb risk• Opportunity gained > cost to
exploit or enhance
• Change the project plan to eliminate the threat or relax the objective that is in jeopardy
• Eliminate uncertainty to ensure the opportunity is realized
• Risk is better handled by someone else.
• Responsibility, accountability & authority (RAA) can be transferred to someone else
• Someone else can better manage the opportunity.
• Allocate RAA to a 3rd party. Can involve the use of insurance, payment of a risk premium, etc.
• Allocate RAA to a 3rd party who is best able to capture the opportunity for the benefit of the project.
Approach Select When
Actions Taken
Avoid / Exploit
Transfer/ Share
Mitigate
Enhance
Page 35Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
“A Lean Approach to Risk Management”, NASA PM Challenge, 2006 Waddell/Reed
Integrated Process ApproachIntegrated Process Approach
Lessons Learned
Issues Risks
Today’s Projects
Future Projects
Past Projects
TODAYIssue
Management
TOMORROW Risk Management
“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”
-George Santayana
YESTERDAY
Lessons Learned Management
Page 36Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
SE Technical Risk Focus SE Technical Risk Focus During Architecture Trade StudiesDuring Architecture Trade Studies
Cost drivers
Trade spaceoptions
Trade spaceoptions
•Performance requirements •New technologies•Cost •Expansion and growth•Schedule
•Producibility•Reliability•Maintainability•Availability •Supportability
Iterate
CONOPS
STATEVECTOR
Schedule
Technical Drivers
NODEA
Communications Network
Architecture Alternatives
Risks
CONOPS
STATEVECTOR
NODEA
System interfaces
Risks
Budget
Trade Study Process
CompromisesCompromises
ArchitectureDesign
Schedule
Page 37Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Interface Risk – Project XInterface Risk – Project X
Areas of Risk for the Systems Engineer to Consider:Internal – External Interfaces
Supplier A – Supplier BHardware - HardwareSoftware - SoftwareHardware - Software
Subsystem - Subsystem
Page 38Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Role of Risk Management Within SERole of Risk Management Within SEConcept
Of Operations
Concept of Operations
Requirements & Architecture
PreliminaryDesign
Detail Design & Construction TestOperations& Support
System Requirements
System Architecture
SystemDesign
DetailDesign
Detailed Design& Construction
Unit Testing
Subsystem Verification
SystemIntegration
System Verification Acceptance Testing
System Validation /Operations
SADSAD
SDDSDD
CDRCDR
SRRSRR
PRRPRR
Risk Management is conducted throughout the entire life cycle.
SE Is Key for Technical Risks!!!!!!
Inte
gra
tion
, Rec
ompos
itio
n, an
d
Ver
ifica
tion
Decom
position and Definition
Systems Engineer Responsibility
Design Engineer ResponsibilitySystems Engineer Responsibility, Significant Developer Involvement
Systems Engineer Control Gate
Developer Control Gate
Systems Validation Plan
Systems Verification Plan
Unit Test Plan
Subsystem Verification Plan
CI Test Plan
Page 39Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
PMs Need to Understand PMs Need to Understand Their Systems EngineerTheir Systems Engineer
Risk Averse Risk SeekingRisk Neutral
Figure Taken From Chapter 11-Project Requirements: A Guide to Best Practices by Ralph R. Young, 2006
Page 40Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
ConclusionConclusion
PMI and INCOSE Risk Processes Very PMI and INCOSE Risk Processes Very SimilarSimilar
SE is the Lead for the Project’s Technical SE is the Lead for the Project’s Technical RiskRisk
PM Has Overall Responsibility for RiskPM Has Overall Responsibility for Risk Risk – Issues – Lessons Learned: Risk – Issues – Lessons Learned:
Integrated Approach = Greatest ValueIntegrated Approach = Greatest Value PMs Need to Understand Their Systems PMs Need to Understand Their Systems
Engineer and Vice-Versa!Engineer and Vice-Versa!
Page 41Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Obligatory Obligatory Shameless PlugShameless Plug
Page 42Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
RII Offers:RII Offers: Complete set of risk management Complete set of risk management
services services Entire methodology implementationEntire methodology implementation Risk Identification and AnalysisRisk Identification and Analysis Mitigation strategy development and action Mitigation strategy development and action
planningplanning Risk tracking and monitoringRisk tracking and monitoring Training and WorkshopsTraining and Workshops
Comprehensive risk management Comprehensive risk management productsproducts
Risk Management Handbooks and Plans Tailored Risk Management Handbooks and Plans Tailored For Your Project / Program NeedsFor Your Project / Program Needs
Detailed Risk Process Audits / Findings ReportsDetailed Risk Process Audits / Findings Reports Risk Management Data Bases (i.e. RMDB and PM Risk Management Data Bases (i.e. RMDB and PM
Tool)Tool)
Page 43Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Get the RII / ODU Advantage – Get the RII / ODU Advantage – Registration For Fall Courses is OPEN!!!Registration For Fall Courses is OPEN!!!
PMP© PreparationCSEP© Preparation PgMPSM Preparation
Page 44Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
The Old Dominion University Tri-Cities Higher Education Center is a full-service facility offering upper level undergraduate 300 and 400 level degree completion classes, graduate and certificate programs, admissions, registration, advising and other student services for residents of Portsmouth, Chesapeake, Suffolk and surrounding areas. Our new state-of-the-art-facility is scheduled to open for the fall, 2007 semester. The new center will be located at 1070 University Blvd., Portsmouth, VA just off College Drive (I-664, Exit 8B) in the new Mast Center Corporate Research Park.
Tri-Cities Higher Education CenterTri-Cities Higher Education Center
Page 45Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
And Remember……And Remember……
The early bird may get the worm, but The early bird may get the worm, but the second mouse gets the the second mouse gets the cheese……cheese……
Unless that mouse is a good systems engineer!!
Page 46Copyright© Reed Integration, Inc. 2007, All Rights Reserved
Contact InformationContact InformationBecky Reed, CSEPBecky Reed, CSEP
President/CEO, President/CEO, Reed Integration Inc.Reed Integration Inc.
Steve Waddell, MBA, PMPSteve Waddell, MBA, PMP©©
Vice President, Vice President, Reed Integration Inc.Reed Integration Inc.