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INFO 629 Concepts in Artificial Intelligence

Fall 2004

Professor: Dr. Rosina Weber

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My introduction• Assistant Professor, Information Science &

Technology, Drexel University• Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial

Intelligence, Naval Research Lab• Doctoral degree from Production Engineering

Program (UFSC, SC/BRAZIL + USF, FL/USA)• Master’s degree in Artificial Intelligence &

Operations Research• Bachelor’s Business Administration• Industry experience• Solving knowledge management problems with

CI/AI methods, particularly CBR• Publications at

http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~rw37/publications.html

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INFO 629 topics1. Expert Systems 2. Intelligent Tutoring Systems3. Case-based reasoning 4. Search5. Machine Learning, Data Mining6. Neural Networks, Genetic

Algorithms7. Natural Language Processing

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What is AI?Why do we need AI ?

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Introduction to AI

•definition of AI •AI concepts•AI tasks•AI applications

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What is AI?

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What’s your definition of AI?

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What is AI (from R&N)

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What is AI (from R&N)

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R. W

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What is AI (from R&N)

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R. W

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What is AI (from R&N)

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What is AI (from R&N)

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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is the study of computational models

to perform tasks normally associated with rational behavior manifested as

reasoning, perception, and appropriate actions and

reactions.

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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is the field of study dedicated to the study

and design of computational models that perform tasks that

are typically considered “human”. These tasks may entail use of knowledge,

reasoning, or physical abilities.

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Artificial Intelligence•Study and design of computational models (purposes, methods)

– Study, solve problems e.g. assisting, replacing

– Methods use techniques that are new or adapted from other fields

•Perform tasks– What are AI tasks?

•Typically considered “human”– Mundane, expert, physical (complex)

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AI tasks

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AI tasks (complex)

• reading &understanding

• diagnosis• configuration• categorization• classification• creativity• discovery

• speech recognition & synthesis

• obstacle avoidance

• NL generation

• NL understanding

• planning• scheduling• design• prediction• control• monitoring• analysis• vision

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Types of AI tasks• mundane:

– face recognition– argumentation– shopping planning

• expert:– diet prescription– medical diagnosis– legal argumentation– legal, military, business planning

• Solution oriented:– Knowledge discovery– Text mining

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AI tasks and AI problems• AI problem is natural language, whereas

related AI tasks are composition, speech, reading and understanding

• Examples of AI problems can be mechanical or medical diagnosis and the AI task in both is diagnosis

• An AI problem is one that requires the performance of one or many AI tasks to be solved

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AI applications

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a complete demo

http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/whatwedo/applications/jupiter.html

1-888-573-8255

Wave Sound

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applications of AI (i)• knowledge based systems

– financial advise– medical diagnosis, credit analysis– case-based reasoning systems for forecasting,

case retrieval, prescription of diet, exercise– knowledge management systems– creativity, planning, forecast, recommender,

personalization, argumentation, mediation, tutoring systems (education),

• military applications– HICAP– Immersive Training Environments with virtual

reality

Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation

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applications of AI (ii)

• machine learning, neural networks– pattern recognition, e.g., penmanship, voice,

brain activity patterns of motor areashttp://www.txtwriter.com/Onscience/Articles/ratrobot.html

– analyze trends in any domain, knowledge discovery in databases and text, e.g., data mining

– classification and clustering and adaptation, collaborative filtering (movielens)

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applications of AI (iii)• problem solving by search

–genetic algorithms, games

• robotics, vision–search for survivors after earthquakes

•recognize survivors•obstacle avoidancehttp://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/03/pr0391_video1.htm

-recognizing criminals in random public locations

–unmanned airplanes, search for land mines–intelligent user interfaces

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applications of AI (iv)

• natural language– natural language interfaces– machine translationhttp://babelfish.altavista.com/– text understanding to analyze patterns &

trends– summarization, information extraction

• uncertainty– represent and reason with elements that

are vague and uncertain– use of fuzzy sets and statistical methods

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Dialogue-based NL• http://www.alicebot.org/• Winner of the Loebner Prize 2000 & 2001. JUDGE05[02:19:03] MY NAME IS JUDGE05 PROGRAM[02:19:03] It's good to meet you, PROGRAM[02:19:03] Judge05. JUDGE05[02:19:16] You too. What is your name? JUDGE05[02:19:16] PROGRAM[02:19:16] Bless you. PROGRAM[02:19:16] My name is ALICE. JUDGE05[02:19:37] Good morning Alice. Why have you entered the Loebner Prize? JUDGE05[02:19:37] PROGRAM[02:19:37] Hello and how are you this morning? PROGRAM[02:19:37] The Loebner Prize PROGRAM[02:19:37] is an annual Turing Test sponsored by New York philanthropist Hugh Loebner. Dr. Wallace and ALICE won it in 2000

• more chatbots• http://www.alicebot.org/live.html• more transcripts at

http://loebner.net/Prizef/2001_Contest/loebner-prize-2001.html

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Necessary grounds for computer understanding

• Ability to represent knowledge and reason with it.

• Perceive equivalences and analogies between two different representations of the same entity/situation.

• Learning and reorganizing new knowledge.– From Peter Jackson (1998) Introduction to

Expert systems. Addison-Wesley third edition. Chapter 2, page 27.