Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Picture Preview Write a short summary of the meaning of this picture as it applies to your reading assignment

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Picture PreviewPicture Preview

Write a short summary of the meaning of this picture as it applies to your reading assignment.


The medical model takes a “disease” view, while

psychology sees psychological disorder as an

interaction of biological, cognitive, social, and

behavioral factors

What is PsychologicalWhat is PsychologicalDisorder?Disorder?

The Rosenberg ExperimentThe Rosenberg Experiment


Rosenberg tested his theory that terms such as sanity, insanity, schizophrenia, abnormal, and mental illness might be not as specific as was thought .A.Five men and three women, who were psychologically normal, were admitted to a hospital B. They complained that they heard voices that seemed to say “empty, hollow, thud.” They claimed no other symptoms C. All were admitted to 12 different hospitals D. All but one diagnosed as schizophrenic


PsychopathologyPsychopathologyPattern of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts inappropriate to the situation.

Also leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals.

Also known as…Mental illnessMental disorderPsychological disorder


Three classic signs suggest severe psychological disorder

• Hallucinations

False sensory experiences• Delusions

A persistent false belief• Severe affective disturbances

A disturbance in mood or

feeling.


Distress Maladaptiveness

Irrationality

UnpredictabilityUnconventionality and undesirable behavior

Other Indicators of AbnormalityOther Indicators of AbnormalityOther signs of a disorder are more subtle, and a

diagnosis depends heavily on clinical judgment

Distress: Does the individual show unusual or prolonged levels of unease or anxiety.

Maladaptiveness: Does the individual act in ways that makes others fearful or that interferes with their well-being.


Irrationality: Does the individual talk/act in ways that are irrational or incomprehensible to others.

Unpredictability: Does the individual behave erratically at different times, as if experiencing a loss of control

Unconventional and undesirable behavior: Does the individual behave in ways that violate social norms.

Ex: Strolling naked in the mall as opposed to dying you hair green.


Two Contrasting Views of Psychological Disorder

1. The Medical Model1. The Medical Model

2. The 2. The PsychologicalPsychological Model Model


1. The Medical Model

Mental disorders are diseases of the mind and can be treated like a disease.


2. The Psychological Model2. The Psychological Model

Combines FOUR perspectives

1. Behaviorism

2. Cognitive Psychology

3. Social Learning

4. Biological Psychology


Historical roots of the changing concepts of psychological disorders

Hippocrates: Four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile

Middle Ages/ChurchSuperstition takes over Hippocrates's theory

Under influence of church, physicians and clergy resort to the old ways of explaining abnormal behavior in terms of demons and witchcraft

(Spanish) Inquisition…unusual behavior the work of the devil ..the cure: drive the demon out

Salem Witchcraft 1692



Changing Concepts ofPsychological Disorder:

The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach

Behavioral Perspective – Abnormal behaviors can be acquired through behavioral learning – operant and classical conditioning.

Cognitive Perspective – Abnormal behaviors are influenced by mental processes – how people perceive themselves and their relations with others.

Social-Cognitive Behavioral ApproachSocial-Cognitive Behavioral Approach

Alternative to the medical approach

Views psychological disorders through combination of the social, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives.

No longer do these traditions compete with each other.



Biopsychology of Mental DisorderBiopsychology of Mental Disorder

Chemical imbalances in the brain..especially neurotransmitters.

Effects of imbalances, genetics, injury, infection.

Although most psychologists have reservations about the medical model, the do not deny the influence of biology on thought and behavior.


Picture ReviewPicture ReviewElaborate on your previous statement by linking it to disorders, therapies, and the Rosenberg Experiment

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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Picture Preview Write a short summary of the meaning of this picture as it applies to your reading assignment