Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2002 Teaching and Learning with Technology

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Teaching and Learning with TechnologyTeaching and Learning with Technology

Computers In the

Classroom

Chapter 3

Teaching and Learning with Technology

Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2002

• Hardware and software make the computing cycle possible.– Hardware: all physical components

of a computer

– Software: all the programs telling the computer how to perform its tasks

How Computers Work


• The computing cycle consists of Input Processing Storage Output

• Each stage of the cycle has specific hardware devices associated with it

How Computers Work


The Computing Cycle• Begins with input - data or programs

entered into the machine by the user• Input goes to the Central Processing Unit

(CPU) for processing• CPU chip directs and executes necessary

tasks • The CPU may use Random Access

Memory (RAM) to store data during processing

How Computers Work


The Computing Cycle• Data may be placed more permanently

(stored) on a disk CD-R, or other storage device

• When processing is complete, the CPU sends the processed data (information) to an output device

• This cycle is continuous as long as the machine is on

How Computers Work


How Computers Work

The Computing Cycle


How Computers Work


How Computers Work

Input Devices

• Devices that send data or programs into the machine

• Common devices include keyboard and mouse

• Others include track balls, joy sticks, touch pads, microphones, etc.


Output Devices • Move processed data from

computer to user• Monitors

– display data as soft copy output

– Monitor displays vary in their clarity (resolution)

– LCD monitors offer flat, thin hardware

How Computers Work


Output Devices • Printers

– Display data in hard copy output

– Printer vary in resolution (clarity of output) and speed

– The most common types are laser and ink jet

How Computers Work


Understanding Hardware

Printers• Laser printers use

heat to affix toner to paper

• Ink-jet printers squirt small bubbles of ink on paper

• Most Ink-jet printers print in color and/or black


How Computers Work

The CPU (Central Processing Unit)

• Controls all machine processes• CPU performance measured in

terms of information processing speed

• The higher the speed, the faster the CPU, making the computer more responsive to the user

• Speed measured in Megahertz (MHz)


Storage• CPU can store data temporarily in RAM

or more permanently on storage devices

• Storage devices include floppy disks, hard disks, optical discs, and USB drives.

• SAVE command moves data from RAM to storage device

How Computers Work


How Computers Work

When you SAVE,data moves fromRAM to Storage


Random Access Memory (RAM)• Temporary storage for programs and

user input

• Measured in Megabytes (Mb) or Gigabytes (Gb)

• The greater the amount of RAM, the faster the computer can store and access data without crashing

How Computers Work


How Computers Work

DataStorageSizes


Read Only Memory (ROM)• Programmed chip on the motherboard

• Includes the computer’s Basic Input Output System (BIOS) that tells the machine how to function

• BIOS is stored in ROM when the machine is built but can be upgraded

How Computers Work


POST• After BIOS program is

read, Power-On Self-Test (POST ) starts

• POST checks functionality of computer’s hardware

• If any problems exist, it writes an error message on screen to inform user

How Computers Work


The Operating System• After a successful POST, the Operating

System (OS) loads• The OS operates hardware, manages

operations, and provides the user interface

• Windows and Mac OS are the operating systems for PCs and Macs

Understanding Software


Graphical User Interface (GUI)• Windows and Mac OS use GUIs

• A GUI uses icons (small graphics) to represent objects, programs, and data

• In a GUI OS, commands are issued by clicking on icons




In a GUI O/S, to issue acommand youmove the mouse whichmoves the pointer to click on icons.


Types of Programs• OS programs prepare the machine to

run other programs

• Application programs apply the machine to a specific task

• Utility programs help maintain the machine and its operations



Application Software• Academic applications are programs that

help you teach and your students learn • Administrative applications are programs

that help teachers perform administrative tasks

• Application programs are sometimes bundled/sold with related software in an application suite



• Integrated software packages are “mini” versions of applications sold as a single software package

• Software is written to run on specific machines so check machine specifications before buying software



Hard Disks • Permanently fixed inside the computer• Installed programs are stored on hard

disk • Offer large storage capacity • Fastest access time of all disks for

data retrieval• Hard disks can “crash" so backup

data



Floppy Disks • Portable storage with

capacity of 1.44 megabytes• Used to store smaller files

for backup or transportability

• Floppies can contain both electronic files and folders



Floppy Disks • Useful when students each need to

store their work

• Floppy disks may inadvertently transport viruses

• Use a virus checker to protect machines from possible infection

The 21st Century Classroom: Technology in Teaching and Learning



Removable Hard Disks • Some hard disks are removable

cartridges

• They vary in capacity from 100 megabytes to 1 gigabyte

• Good for backup and classroom storage of large files




Compact Discs-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)

• CD-ROMs cannot be used to store your files

• CD-ROMs use laser technology to store approximately 650 megabytes of data

• Commercial programs typically stored on CDs for user installation




Compact Discs-Recordable (CD-R)• Can be read many times and can be

recorded on ONCE

• Useful to archive (back-up) data

• Need specially designed discs and drive to record data

• Once recorded, data can be read on any CD-ROM drive



Compact Disc-ReWriteable (CD-RWs)• Can be read and recorded on many

times

• CD-RWs have up to 650 megabytes of recording space

• Requires CD-RW disc and drive

• Once recorded, data can be read by most newer CD drives



Digital Versatile Discs (DVD)• Optical discs that store up to 17

gigabytes

• DVDs used to store digital video since large amounts of storage space needed

• DVDs require a DVD drive, but DVD drives can also play back CD discs



DVD-Rs (Recordable DVDs) • Becoming more widely available• Recordable DVDs currently offered in

competing formats• DVD-R: Non-rewriteable, recordable• DVD+R: Alternative format for DVD-R• DVD-RW: Rewriteable, recordable• DVD+RW: Alternative format for DVD-RW

• A universal DVD standard will eventually emerge



Teachers and Computers

Why know so much about computers?Teachers need to know enough to • Meet ISTE’s NETS-T requirements• Use technology appropriately• Handle minor computer problems• Help students use computers• Recognize when technical support is needed• Use both hardware and software effectively

in their classroom

Documents

Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005 Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2002 Teaching and Learning with Technology