Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved. XML Document Design

Copyright © 2002 ProsoftTraining. All rights reserved.

XML Document Design


Lesson 1:Introduction to XML

Objectives

• Explain the basic concepts of markup languages

• List the goals of XML• Describe the relationship between XML and

HTML• Name the organizations that govern and

contribute to XML development• Define XHTML• Identify browsers that support XML

WhatIs XML?

• Extensible Markup Language• Hypertext Markup Language• Tags <golfer tour=“PGA”> Tiger Woods </golfer>

MarkupLanguages

• Markup• WYSIWYG

SGMLRoots

• STML and HTML– Meta-language

• HTML went astray• HTML tried to recover its vision

– Cascading Style Sheets• SGML and XML

– Extensible Stylesheet Language

XMLDirectives

• Design goals for XML• XML implementation

XHTML,XML and HTML

• Extensible Hypertext Markup Language 1.0– No tags

XMLDevelopment Organizations

• W3C• Oasis• BizTalk• XML.org

• Arbortext• Microsoft XML Web

Services• IBM XML Zone• Apache XML Project

XML Parsersand Browsers

• Parsers– Validating– Non-validating

• Browsers– Mozilla– Microsoft Internet Explorer 6– Opera– Netscape Navigator 7

XML AloneIs Insufficient

• No linking capability• No formatting capabilities• XML documents are abstract

– EDI

Implementing XML

• XML schema• Development tools

Benefitsof XML

• One source• Management of metadata• Universal representation and meaning• Management of content• One to many• Database publishing

Summary

Explain the basic concepts of markup languages

List the goals of XML Describe the relationship between XML and

HTML Name the organizations that govern and

contribute to XML development Define XHTML Identify browsers that support XML


Lesson 2:Well-Formed

XML Documents

Objectives

• Construct XML documents• Explain the differences between tags and

elements in XML• Specify the five rules for creating a well-

formed XML document• Convert an HTML document into an XHTML

file• Create a well-formed XML document

What Is an XML Document?

• HTML: The lazy developer’s dream• XML: The lazy developer’s nightmare

Tags andElements in XML

Rules forWell-Formed XML

• Opening and closing tags• New rules for empty tags• Attribute values• Nesting• Matching case between tags• Simple well-formed XML• XHTML: Stepping stone to XML

TagNesting

DiscerningStructure

• XML character strings– Character data

• White space• The root (or document) element• Tree structure of a well-formed document

TreeStructure

T IT LE

AUT HOR

YEAR-PUBLISHED

ISBN

BOOK

CATALOG

Working withMixed Content

• Creating a well-formed XML document from text

• Adding comments to XML documents• XML encoding

Balkanizationof the Web

• Confusing assortment of tags resulting from numerous tagging schemes

Summary

Construct XML documents Explain the differences between tags and

elements in XML Specify the five rules for creating a well-

formed XML document Convert an HTML document into an XHTML

file Create a well-formed XML document


Lesson 3:Creating a

Valid XML Document

Objectives

• Define the DTD• Define the DOM• Identify DTD declarations• Create a DTD• Validate an XML document• Create an XML file that conforms to a DTD• Use DTD repositories

Beyond Well-Formedness:Valid XML Documents

• Valid conformance with a Document Type Definition– Rules that define the structure, syntax and

vocabulary related to tags

DocumentObject Model

• Core Level 1• HTML Level 1

DocumentType Definition

• The root element• Element type declarations

– #PCDATA– Child elements– Element content– Mixed content– Empty elements

Referencing DTDDefinitions in XML

• DOCTYPE declaration• Internal DTD• External DTD

DeclaringAttributes in a DTD

• Attribute-list declarations• Commonly used attribute types• Entities• Parameter entities• Notation declarations

Pre-Existing DTDs

• XML/DTD repositories

Summary

Define the DTD Define the DOM Identify DTD declarations Create a DTD Validate an XML document Create an XML file that conforms to a DTD Use DTD repositories


Lesson 4:XML Parsers

Objectives

• Explain the requirements for a parser• Identify the differences between validating and

non-validating parsers• Use online parsers• Use command-line parsers

Parsers

• Also known as processors• Varying levels of conformance• Object-based parsers• Event-based parsers• Validating parsers• Non-validating parsers

Command-LineParsing

• Verifies document compliance with well-formedness requirements and DTD

Summary

Explain the requirements for a parser Identify the differences between validating and

non-validating parsers Use online parsers Use command-line parsers


Lesson 5:The XML Familyof Technologies

Objectives

• Define XML namespaces and usage• Explain the XPath recommendation• Explain the XLink recommendation• Explain the XPointer recommendation• Describe the XForms and XML Query

proposals

TheXML Family

• Namespaces in XML• XLink• XPath• XPointer

Namespacesin XML

• Namespace components• Explicit and implicit namespace declaration• Multiple namespaces• Inline namespace declaration• Namespace scope/inheritance• Namespaces and DTDs• Namespace attributes

XPath

• XML Path Language• XPath nodes

– Document– Root– Element– Attribute– Text– Processing instruction– Namespace– Comment

XPathExpressions

• Operand• Location paths

– Context node• Function calls

– Predicate

XLink

• XML Linking Language– Simple links– Extended links– Locators– Arcs– Resources– Titles

• Link behavior

XPointer

• Fragment identifier• Tracing a path• Shorthand notation• Shorthand syntax• Formal XPointer syntax• Range or portion selection

XFormsand XML Query

• XForms– New generation of forms introducing

business logic, calculations, and form processing

• XML Query– Based pm XML Infoset

Summary

Define XML namespaces and usage Explain the XPath recommendation Explain the XLink recommendation Explain the XPointer recommendation Describe the XForms and XML Query

proposals


Lesson 6:XSL Transformation

Objectives

• Describe the relationship between XSL and XSLT

• Use XSLT templates and patterns• Convert XML to a new XML output document• Reorganize XML data to an output file• Convert XML to HTML• Compile remote data sources into an XML

output file

XSL, XSLTand Style Sheets

• Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation

• Formatting objects (flow objects)• Transformation languages• XSLT processing• XSLT namespace

XSLTDocument Structure

• Style sheet element and namespace• Templates• apply-templates• select

TransformingData: XML to XML

• Scenario• Models• Solution• Element transformation

SaxonXSLT Processor

• Running Saxon• Processing XSLT using Saxon• Converting XML data structure using XSLT

TransformingData: XML to HTML

• Advanced matching and selecting• Top-level elements• Instruction elements• Comments

MultipleDocument Sources

• The document () function

Summary

Describe the relationship between XSL and XSLT

Use XSLT templates and patterns Convert XML to a new XML output document Reorganize XML data to an output file Convert XML to HTML Compile remote data sources into an XML

output file


Lesson 7:XML Formatting

Objectives

• Define XML formatting requirements• Apply CSS to XML• Use XSL flow objects and patterns• Apply XSL to XML• Convert XSL into PDF

XMLStyling

• Cascading Style Sheets• Extensible Stylesheet Language

– Language for transforming XML documents– Vocabulary for specifying formatting

semantics

XMLand CSS

• The absence of predefined formatting eliminates conflicts between inherent element properties and style properties in XML

CSSSyntax

• Selectors• CSS1• XML and CSS tools

XMLand XSL

• Areas• Indents

FormattingObjects

• Types– Those that generate block and inline areas– Those that return areas but do not generate

them– Those that are used to generate layout

areas

XSLPage Layout

• fo:layout-master-set• fo:simple-page-master• fo:region• fo:page-sequence-master

and fo:page-sequence• fo:page-sequence-master sub elements• Content flow objects

PageLayout (cont’d)

• fo:block• fo:list-block• fo:table

XML, XSL andFormatting Objects

• Transforming an XML document• Processing an XSL style sheet

Converting XSLFlow Objects to PDF

• Portable Document Format• Formatting Object Processor

Summary

Define XML formatting requirements Apply CSS to XML Use XSL flow objects and patterns Apply XSL to XML Convert XSL into PDF


Lesson 8:XML Schemas

Objectives

• Explain the purpose of schemas• Explain data types and facets• Define attributes and references• Define simple and complex elements• Create an XML schema

Schemas

• XML Schema

Components

• Schema component categories– Definition components– Declaration components– Model group components– Annotation component

DataTypes

• Built-in data types• User-defined data types

SchemaElement

• The targetNamespace attribute• The elementFormDefault attribute• Document instance schema reference• Undeclared target namespaces• Annotation• Element declarations• Element references

ComplexTypevs. SimpleType

• ComplexType– Elements that contain sub-elements or

carry attributes• SimpleType

– Elements that contain numbers but do not contain sub-elements or attributes

Attributes

• The content attribute• User-defined attributes

Facets

• Fourteen facets defined by XML Schema

Grouping

Element

Element

Element

Summary

Explain the purpose of schemas Explain data types and facets Define attributes and references Define simple and complex elements Create an XML schema


Lesson 9:Extensible Hypertext

Markup Language (XHTML)

Objectives

• Identify the reasons for XHTML's development• Identify key features of XHTML documents• Create XHTML documents

HTML vs. XML

• Clients• Browser forgiveness• What does HTML forgive?

– Case-sensitivity– Nesting– Closing elements– Attributes

• What does XML not forgive?

XHTMLDefinition Variations

• XHTML document declarations– Document type declaration

XHTMLConformance Requirements

• Correct case• Root element• Empty elements• Nesting• Fragment identifiers

XHTML 1.1and Modules

• XHTML 1.1 versus XHTML (Second Edition)• W3C-approved modules for XHTML 1.1• W3C-approved sub-elements for XHTML 1.1• XHTML 2.0 (2003)

Summary

Identify the reasons for XHTML's development Identify key features of XHTML documents Create XHTML documents


Lesson 10:XML Tools

Objectives

• Use XML tools to clean existing documents• Use a DTD editor• Use an editor to create XSL and schemas• Import database information for XML

conversion• Use graphical editors to create XML

documents• Convert XML to various outputs• Define SOAP and BizTalk

XMLTools

• Simple tools XML Notepad• Complete tools Arbortext Epic,

XML Spy

ToolTypes

• Command-line tools• Visual tools• Graphical tools

HTML toWell-Formed XML

• Cleaning an HTML document with TidyGUI

Creatinga DTD

• Creating an XML DTD with SML Spy

Creatinga Schema

• Creating an XML schema with XML Spy

ImportingDatabase Information

• Importing database data• Editing XML code with Epic Editor• Styles• Creating XSL style sheets• One-to-many output• Creating multiple output files from XML

XML ProjectManagement Guidelines

• Development– Design the required DTD– Develop style sheets– Store in a repository

• Staffing– Project managers– Application developers– Format/layout designers– Content authors

XML-DrivenTechnologies

• Simple Object Access Protocol• BizTalk

Summary

Use XML tools to clean existing documents Use a DTD editor Use an editor to create XSL and schemas Import database information for XML

conversion Use graphical editors to create XML

documents Convert XML to various outputs Define SOAP and BizTalk

XMLDocument Design

Introduction to XML Well-Formed XML Documents Creating a Valid XML Document XML Parsers The XML Family of Technologies

XMLDocument Design

XSL Transformation XML Formatting XML Schemas Extensible Hypertext Markup Language

(XHTML) XML Tools