168
© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen Daten in der pharmazeutischen Industrie? Joerg Dillert Senior Consultant March, 30th, 2004

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

XML WorkshopXML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen Daten in der pharmazeutischen Industrie?

Joerg DillertSenior Consultant

March, 30th, 2004

Page 2: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

0. Allgemeines

Page 3: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

3

Der Workshop …

ist in Germisch!

Page 4: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

4

Ein paar Regeln

9.00 – 16.30

Pausen 15,60,15

Handys aus oder Vibration!

Toiletten

Fluchtwege

Fragen - bitte jederzeit

Page 5: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

1. EinführungWas ist eigentlich XML?Wie ist es entstanden?

Page 6: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

6

Handys, Smartphones und PDAs mit integrierter SyncML-Unterstützung Modell Anbieter Gerätetyp Verfügbarkeit

Alcatel: ot715

Motorola: A830, A835, V600, E390

Nokia 7250, 6800, 3650, 6220, 9210i, 7650

Samsung SGH-D700

Siemens: S55, SL55, M55, SX1

Sony Ericsson: T68i, T610, P800, Z1010, PEG-NZ90

PDAs: Sony PEG-NX70V, PEG-T675C,PEG-T625C

Page 7: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

7

Wir leben im Zeitalter der Buzzwords

B2B, B2M, E2B

DIA, EMEA, FDA

XML, DTD, XSL, SVG

Die (Computer) Industrie gibt uns viele neue Wörter jede Woche

Schauen Sie mal an Ihren Arbeitsplatz – welches sind denn so Ihre Buzzwords? (SOPs, DCFs, …)

Page 8: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

8

... kennen Sie diese Deutsche Musikgruppe?

MFG

Smudo

Page 9: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

9

Urkundlich erwähnt …

SGMLStandard Generalized

Markup Language

ISO 88791

seit 1986

Page 10: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

10

The SGML family of markup languages – more buzzwords!!

GML Generalized Markup Language

Goldfarb, Mosher and Lorie, IBM, 1969

IBM Document Composition Facility DCF (Script)

SGML Standardized Generalized Markup Language

Content attributes. ISO-8879 first published in 1986

HTML HyperText Markup Language

Functional attributes: hyperlink, frame

Based on hyperdocument standard definitions

CALS Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support

Based on DoD MIL-M-28001B standard definitions

XML eXtensible Markup Language

(Founding father: Dr. Charles F. Goldfarb, IBM)

Page 11: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

11

1986

Entwicklung SGML in den IBM Labs in Almaden

Charles Goldfarb

ISO Standard

Überarbeitung 1990, Ziel war eine universell einsetzbare Auszeichnungssprache für Dokumente

Page 12: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

12

A brief history of SGML

The Evolution of Markup Languages

Plain text

Font attributes: Bold, underline, italics, font size

Document structure attributes: Heading level, index term

Document content attributes: Patient age, dosage unit

Page 13: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

13

1990

Am Kernforschungszentrum Cern in Genf begann Entwicklung von HTML

erster Entwurf 1993, Geburtstunde des Web

1995 überarbeitet HTML Version 2.0

Page 14: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

14

1994

Um Wildwuchs zu verhindern – Gründung des

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

primäre Aufgabe: Weiterentwicklung von HTML

Page 15: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

15

1998

W3C erkannte, daß mit HTML die Herausforderungen der Zukunft nicht gemeistert werden können

Zwischen Zuviel an Markup (SGML) und dem Zuwenig (HTML) sollte der goldene Mittelweg gefunden werden

Abschluß des Findungsprozesses – XML

1998 als offizieller Standard verabschiedet

Page 16: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

16

2001

W3C verabschiedet als wichtigste Ergänzung die erste Version von XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language)

stellt Regeln zur Umwandlung von XML Dokumenten und ein Vokabular zum Formatieren dieser Dokumente zur Verfügung

2002 Arbeitsentwurf zu XHTML Version 2.0 , Bruch mit HTML 4.0 und XHMTL 1.0 – keine Rückwärtskompatibilität

Page 17: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

17

The big advantage of XML You have flexibility - you can define your own TAGS

The Parser need only the DTD / Schemas for checking the correctness of your file

Readable for everyone

Vendor independent (No vendor can impose their own definitions, standards or undocumented formats)

License free

... all three types are in ASCII format!(American Standard Code for Information Interchange )

Page 18: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

18

XML and data interchange

This kind of information data interchange is the standard in other industries and is called B2B

The Germans favourite spare time object ...

• is produced Just in Time

Page 19: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

19

What we‘ve learned from other industries ...

B2B Server B2B Server

SupplierSystem Y

Car producer System X

RequestOrder

Delivery

ProposalOrder confirmation

Delivery confirmationInvoicing

Page 20: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

20

XML is ...

The data interchange and document format for now and in the future (E2B, CDISC, CTD)

Is in practical use in many industries

• E.g. car production industry

EVERY system can communicate with another

You need only ONE interface per system

Page 21: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

2. XMLeXtensible Markup Language

Page 22: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

22

XML

XML - eXtensible Markup Language

• It is a subset of SGML

• It focusses on content (sometimes also structure)

• The XML file contains the DATA

• It is restricted by TAGs

• Example:

<messagetype>ICSR</messagetype>

Page 23: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

23

An example as a graphic

Page 24: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

24

... and as XML structure<ANA106>

<Screening visit>

<Inclusion criteria>

<Inc1>YES</Inc1>

<Inc2>YES</Inc2>

<Inc3>YES</Inc3>

<Inc4>YES</Inc4>

</Inclusion criteria>

<Exclusion criteria>

<Excl1>NO</Excl1>

<Excl2>NO</Excl2>

<Excl3>NO</Excl3

<Excl4>NO</Excl4>

</Exclusion criteria>

<Demographic/Investigator>

<Sex>Male</Sex>

<DoB>07/26/1966</DoB>

<Smoke>Yes</Smoke>

<InvNo>128</InvNo>

</Demographics/Investigator>

... --- more page(sections>

</Screnning visit>

<Visit 1>

... --- more blocks

</Visit 1>

... --- more visits

</ANA106>

Page 25: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

25

einfache XML Struktur<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<DVMDTagung>

<Workshop>

<event >

<stadt>Ulm</stadt>

<ort>MedSchule</ort>

</event>

</Workshop>

</ DVMDTagung >

Page 26: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

26

Attribute<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<DVMDTagung>

<Workshop name=„XML in der Pharmazeutischen Industrie" Leiter=„Joerg Dillert">

<event datum="31.03.2004">

<stadt>Ulm</stadt>

<ort>MedSchule</ort>

</event>

<event datum=„25.06.2004">

<stadt>Berlin</stadt>

<ort>PFOffice</ort>

</event>

</Workshop>

</ DVMDTagung >

Page 27: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

27

Attribute<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!– zum Kommentieren -->

<DVMDTagung>

<Workshop name="XML in der Pharmazeutischen Industrie" Leiter=„Joerg Dillert">

<event datum="31.03.2004">

<stadt>Ulm</stadt>

<ort>MedSchule</ort>

</event>

<event datum="25.06.2004">

<stadt>Berlin</stadt>

<ort>PFOffice</ort>

</event>

</Workshop>

</DVMDTagung >

see in IE

see in XML Notepad

Page 28: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

28

Characters

Character set

• Characters that may be represented in XML document

– e.g., ASCII character set

• Letters of English alphabet

• Digits (0-9)

• Punctuation characters, such as !, - and ?

Page 29: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

29

Character Set

XML documents may contain

• Carriage returns

• Line feeds

• Unicode characters

– Enables computers to process characters for several languages

Page 30: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

30

Characters vs. Markup

XML must differentiate between

• Markup text

– Enclosed in angle brackets (< and >)

• e.g,. Child elements

• Character data

– Text between start tag and end tag

• e.g., Fig. 5.1, line 7: Welcome to XML!

Page 31: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

31

White Space, Entity References and Built-in Entities Whitespace characters

• Spaces, tabs, line feeds and carriage returns

– Significant (preserved by application)

– Insignificant (not preserved by application)

• Normalization- Whitespace collapsed into single whitespace character- Sometimes whitespace removed entirely

<markup>This is character data</markup>

after normalization, becomes

<markup>This is character data</markup>

Page 32: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

32

White Space, Entity References and Built-in Entities (cont.)

XML-reserved characters

• Ampersand (&)

• Left-angle bracket (<)

• Right-angle bracket (>)

• Apostrophe (’)

• Double quote (”)

Entity references

• Allow to use XML-reserved characters

– Begin with ampersand (&) and end with semicolon (;)

• Prevents from misinterpreting character data as markup

Page 33: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

33

White Space, Entity References and Built-in Entities (cont.)

Build-in entities

• Ampersand (&amp;)

• Left-angle bracket (&lt;)

• Right-angle bracket (&gt;)

• Apostrophe (&apos;)

• Quotation mark (&quot;)

• Mark up characters “<>&” in element message

<message>&lt;&gt;&amp;</message>

see in IE

Page 34: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

34

Using Unicode in an XML Document

XML Unicode support

• e.g., displays Arabic words

– Arabic characters

• represented by entity references for Unicode characters

Page 35: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

35

XML document that contains Arabic words

<?xml version = "1.0"?>

<welcome><from>&#1583;&#1575;&#1610;&#1578;&#1614;&#1604;&#1571;&#1606;&#1583;</from>

<subject>&#1571;&#1607;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1603;&#1605;&#1601;&#1610;&#1616;&#1593;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605; </subject>

</welcome>

see in IE

Page 36: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

36

Markup

XML element markup

• Consists of

– Start tag

– Content

– End tag

• All elements must have corresponding end tag<img src = “img.gif”>

is correct in HTML, but not XML

• XML requires end tag or forward slash (/) for termination

<img src = “img.gif”></img>

or

<img src = “img.gif”/>

is correct XML syntax

Page 37: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

37

Markup (cont.)

Elements

• Define structure

• May (or may not) contain content

– Child elements, character data, etc.

Attributes

• Describe elements

– Elements may have associated attributes

• Placed within element’s start tag

• Values are enclosed in quotes

– Element car contains attribute doors, which has value “4”

<car doors = “4”/>

Page 38: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

38

Markup (cont.)

Processing instruction (PI)

• Passed to application using XML document

• Provides application-specific document information

• Delimited by <? and ?>

Page 39: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

39

1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>

2

3 <!-- Fig. 5.5 : usage.xml -->

4 <!-- Usage of elements and attributes -->

5

6 <?xml:stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "usage.xsl"?>

7

8 <book isbn = "999-99999-9-X">

9 <title>Deitel&amp;s XML Primer</title>

10

11 <author>

12 <firstName>Paul</firstName>

13 <lastName>Deitel</lastName>

14 </author>

15

16 <chapters>

17 <preface num = "1" pages = "2">Welcome</preface>

18 <chapter num = "1" pages = "4">Easy XML</chapter>

19 <chapter num = "2" pages = "2">XML Elements?</chapter>

20 <appendix num = "1" pages = "9">Entities</appendix>

21 </chapters>

22

23 <media type = "CD"/>

24 </book>

PI discussed later

Page 40: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

40

CDATA Sections

CDATA sections

• May contain text, reserved characters and whitespace

– Reserved characters need not be replaced by entity references

• Not processed by XML parser

• Commonly used for scripting code (e.g., JavaScript)

• Begin with <![CDATA[

• Terminate with ]]>

see in IE

Page 41: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

41

CDATA1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>

2

3 <!-- Fig. 5.7 : cdata.xml -->

4 <!-- CDATA section containing C++ code -->

5

6 <book title = "C++ How to Program" edition = "3">

7

8 <sample>

9 // C++ comment

10 if ( this-&gt;getX() &lt; 5 &amp;&amp; value[ 0 ] != 3 )

11 cerr &lt;&lt; this-&gt;displayError();

12 </sample>

13

14 <sample>

15 <![CDATA[

16

17 // C++ comment

18 if ( this->getX() < 5 && value[ 0 ] != 3 )

19 cerr << this->displayError();

20 ]]>

21 </sample>

22

23 C++ How to Program by Deitel &amp; Deitel

24 </book>

Page 42: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

42

CDATA (cont.)

Page 43: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

43

XML Namespaces

Naming collisions

• Two different elements have same name<subject>Math</subject>

<subject>Thrombosis</subject>

Namespaces

• Differentiate elements that have same name <school:subject>Math</school:subject>

<medical:subject>Thrombosis</medical:subject>

– school and medical are namespace prefixes

• Prepended to elements and attribute names

• Tied to uniform resource identifier (URI)- Series of characters for differentiating names

Page 44: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

44

XML Namespaces (cont.)

Creating namespaces

• Use xmlns keywordxmlns:text = “urn:deitel:textInfo”

xmlns:image = “urn:deitel:imageInfo”

– Creates two namespace prefixes text and image

– urn:deitel:textInfo is URI for prefix text

– urn:deitel:imageInfo is URI for prefix image

• Default namespaces

– Child elements of this namespace do not need prefix

xmlns = “urn:deitel:textInfo”

Page 45: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

45

XML namespace - no default

1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>

2

3 <!-- Fig. 5.8 : namespace.xml -->

4 <!-- Namespaces -->

5

6 <directory xmlns:text = "urn:deitel:textInfo"

7 xmlns:image = "urn:deitel:imageInfo">

8

9 <text:file filename = "book.xml">

10 <text:description>A book list</text:description>

11 </text:file>

12

13 <image:file filename = "funny.jpg">

14 <image:description>A funny picture</image:description>

15 <image:size width = "200" height = "100"/>

16 </image:file>

17

18 </directory>

Page 46: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

46

XML namespace with default

1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>

2

3 <!-- Fig. 5.9 : defaultnamespace.xml -->

4 <!-- Using Default Namespaces -->

5

6 <directory xmlns = "urn:deitel:textInfo"

7 xmlns:image = "urn:deitel:imageInfo">

8

9 <file filename = "book.xml">

10 <description>A book list</description>

11 </file>

12

13 <image:file filename = "funny.jpg">

14 <image:description>A funny picture</image:description>

15 <image:size width = "200" height = "100"/>

16 </image:file>

17

18 </directory>

default

needsfull name

Page 47: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

3. DTD und Schemas

Page 48: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

48

DTD / Schema

DTD – Document Type Definition• Sometimes also called the ‘Document Type Description‘

Today you have Schemas• Schemas are more detailed

• Comes back to XML

Contains the ‘grammar’ of an XML document • The parser (a program) checks the correctness of the XML

file based on the DTD / Schemas– numerics

– characters ...

Page 49: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

49

Parsing / Validieren

DTDSchemas

Correct(well-formed)

fileXML file

Page 50: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

50

DTDs vs. Schemas

beschreiben den prinzipiellen Aufbau von Dokumenten eines bestimmten Typs

können entweder mit DTDs (Document Type Definitions) oder XML-Schemata spezifiziert werden

DTDs wurden von SGML übernommen und sind Teil von XML 1.0.

XMLSchema sind ein eigener W3C-Standard.

Page 51: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

51

DTDs vs. Schemas (2)

XML-Schemata sind ausdrucksstärker

DTDs sind kompakter und lesbarer

DTDs für Spezifikation von Text-Dokumenten ausreichend

XML-Schemata zur Spezifikation von Daten besser geeignet.

Page 52: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

4. DTDs

Page 53: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

53

Wie könnte die DTD aussehen?

<BookStore>

<Book>

<Title>My Life and Times</Title>

<Author>Paul McCartney</Author>

<Date>July, 1998</Date>

<ISBN>94303-12021-43892</ISBN>

<Publisher>McMillin Publishing</Publisher>

</Book>

</BookStore>

Ein BookStore soll mindestens ein Buch enthalten.

Die ISBN soll optional, alle anderen Kind-Elemente sollen obligatorisch sein.

Page 54: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

54

Die DTD für den BookStore

<!ELEMENT BookStore (Book+)>

<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author, Date, ISBN?, Publisher)>

<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Date (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA)>

ähnelt einer regulären Grammatik

Page 55: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

55

Deklaration

<!ELEMENT BookStore (Book+)>

deklariert das Element BookStore

BookStore hat mindestens ein Kind-Element Book.

Außer Book darf BookStore keine Kind-Elemente haben.

+ bezeichnet n Wiederholung des vorstehenden Elementes mit n >= 1.

* bezeichnet n Wiederholung mit n >= 0.

<BookStore>

<Book> </Book>

<Book> </Book>

</BookStore>

Page 56: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

56

Deklaration (2)

<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author, Date, ISBN?, Publisher)>

deklariert das Element Book

Title, Author, Date, ISBN und Publisher erscheinen (in dieser Reihenfolge) als Kind-Elemente von Book.

Außer diesen darf Book keinen anderen Kind-Element haben.

, bezeichnet Sequenz (Aufeinanderfolge) von Elementen.

? bedeutet, dass das vorstehende Element in der Sequenz optional ist.

<Book><Title>…</Title><Author>…</Author><Date>…</Date><ISBN>…</ISBN><Publisher>…</Publisher>

</Book>

Page 57: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

57

Rekursive Darstellung

<!ELEMENT BookStore (Book | (Book, BookStore))>

rekursive Deklaration von BookStore

Bookstore besteht entweder aus genau einem Kind-Element Book oder hat zwei Kind-Elemente, nämlich Book und BookStore

| bezeichnet Auswahl (Disjunktion)

Beachte: Diese rekursive Deklaration ist nicht äquivalent zur vorherigen:

• <! ELEMENT BookStore (Book+)>

Page 58: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

58

Deklaration der Elemente

<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Date (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA)>

<Title>My Life and Times</Title>

<Author>Paul McCartney</Author>

<Date>July, 1998</Date>

<ISBN>94303-12021-43892</ISBN>

<Publisher>McMillin Publishing</Publisher>

#PCDATAbezeichnet

unstrukturierterText ohnereservierte

Symbole wie „<“.

Page 59: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

59

Vordefinierte Datentypen Zur Festlegung von Element-Inhalten stehen drei

vordefinierte Datentypen (engl. built-in datatypes) zur Verfügung:

• #PCDATA: unstrukturierter Text ohne reservierte Symbole.

• EMPTY: Der Element-Inhalt ist leer. Das Element kann allerdings Attribute haben.

<!ELEMENT br EMPTY> <br/>

• ANY: beliebige XML-Strukturen <!ELEMENT title ANY>

Beachte: Gängige Datentypen, wie INTEGER oder FLOAT stehen nicht zur Verfügung.

Page 60: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

60

Deklaration von Attributen

<!ATTLIST BookStore version CDATA #IMPLIED "1.0">

Das Element BookStore hat ein Attribut version.

Außer version hat BookStore keine weiteren Attribute.

Das Attribut version ist vom Typ String (CDATA).

#IMPLIED: Das Attribut ist optional. "1.0" ist der Standard-Wert.

#REQUIRED: Das Attribut ist obligatorisch.

#FIXED: Das Attribut hat immer den gleichen Wert.

Page 61: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

61

Deklaration von Attributen (2)

<!ATTLIST Author gender (male | female) "female">

Das Element Author hat ein Attribut gender und keine weiteren Attribute.

Das Attribut hat entweder den Wert male oder female (Aufzählungstyp).

"female" ist der Standard-Wert von gender.

Page 62: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

62

Datentypen für Attribute

Neben Strings (CDATA) und Aufzählungstypen stehen im wesentlichen folgende Datentypen zur Verfügung:

NMTOKEN: ein String, der den Namenskonventionen von XML entspricht

NMTOKENS: ein Liste von solchen Namen, jeweils getrennt durch ein Leerzeichen

ID: Bezeichner, der den Namenskonventionen von XML entspricht und innerhalb des Dokumentes eindeutig ist.

IDREF: eine Referenz auf einen eindeutigen Bezeichner

IDREFS: eine Liste von solchen Referenzen

Page 63: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

63

ID/IDREF

<!ATTLIST Author

key ID #IMPLIED

keyref IDREF #IMPLIED>

Author kann ein Attribut key haben.

Das Attribut key muss eindeutig sein: Attribute mit dem Typ ID dürfen niemals den gleichen Wert haben.

Author kann auch ein Attribut keyref haben.

Der Wert von keyref muss eine gültige Referenz darstellen: Der Wert von keyref muss als Wert eines Attributes mit dem Typ ID existieren.

Page 64: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

64

ID/IDREF (2)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE BookStore SYSTEM "BookstoreWithAttributes.dtd">

<BookStore>

<Book>

<Title>Text</Title>

<Author key="k1">Text</Author>

<Date>Text</Date>

<Publisher>Text</Publisher>

</Book>

<Book>

<Title>Text</Title>

<Author keyref="k1"/>

<Date>Text</Date>

<Publisher>Text</Publisher>

</Book>

</BookStore>

k1 muss eindeutig sein:weder dieses noch ein

anderes Attribut mitdem Typ ID darf k1 als

Wert haben.

k1 muss existieren: einAttribut mit dem Typ ID

muss den Wert k1haben.

Page 65: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

65

Well-formed and valid

Ein XML-Dokument heißt wohlgeformt, wenn es den syntaktischen Regeln des entsprechenden W3CStandards entspricht.

Ein XML-Dokument heißt zulässig (engl. valid). bzgl. einer Dokument-Typ-Definition, wenn

• 1. das Wurzel-Element des XML-Dokumentes in der DTD deklariert ist und

• 2. das Wurzel-Element genau die Struktur hat, wie sie in der DTD festgelegt ist.

Page 66: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

66

Nachteil von DTDs

Reihenfolge von Kind-Elementen ist festgelegt:

<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author)>

dadurch sehr starre Struktur in XML-Dokumenten

Um Reihenfolgeunabhängigkeit zu garantieren, müssen alle Permutationen explizit aufgezählt werden:

<!ELEMENT Book ((Title, Length) | (Length, Title))>

Für n Element gibt es n! verschiedene Permutationen.

Page 67: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

67

Noch mehr Nachteile

keine XML-Syntax, daher eigene Parser nötig

kaum vordefinierte Datentypen, insbesondere für Element-Inhalte

keine eigenen Datentypen definierbar

keine Namensräume: Bereits existierende DTDs können nur dann kombiniert werden, wenn es keine Namenskonflikte gibt!

keine Vererbungshierarchien, nicht objekt-orientiert

Page 68: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

68

Elements Summary Overview

Tag definitions– <!ELEMENT to - - (#PCDATA)>

• PCDATA = Parsed Character Data

• Comments– <! - - comment text - - >

Tag order– Fixed order

• <!ELEMENT head - - (to , from)>

INVALID:

– Any order• <!ELEMENT head - - (to & from)>

VALID:

<head><from>S. Ender</from><to>R. Eceiver</to></head><head><from>S. Ender</from><to>R. Eceiver</to></head>

<head><from>S. Ender</from><to>R. Eceiver</to></head><head><from>S. Ender</from><to>R. Eceiver</to></head>

Page 69: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

69

(cont.)

Tag occurrence

– One occurrence• <!ELEMENT head - - (to)>

– One or more occurrences• <!ELEMENT head - - (to+)>

– Zero or one occurrence• <!ELEMENT head - - (to?)>

– Zero or more occurrences• <!ELEMENT head - - (to*)>

Page 70: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

5. XML Schemas

Page 71: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

71

XML Schemas

Ähnlich wie eine DTD legt ein XML-Schema (engl. XML schema) den prinzipiellen Aufbau von XML-Dokumenten eines bestimmten Typs fest.

DTDs wurden zur Beschreibung von strukturierten (für Menschen lesbare) Text-Dokumenten entwickelt.

Für die Beschreibung von Dokumenten/Daten zum Austausch zwischen Computern sind sie allerdings zu ausdrucksschwach.

Deshalb wurden XML-Schemata entwickelt.

Page 72: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

72

Vorteile

Ähnlich wie in vielen Programmiersprachen, steht eine Vielzahl von vordefinierten Datentypen zur Verfügung.

Es können auch eigene Datentypen definiert werden.

keine eigene Syntax, sondern XML-Schema sind selbst XML-Dokumente

objekt-orientiert, erlauben Vererbungshierarchien

verwenden Namensräume

Reihenfolgeunabhängige Strukturen können einfach definiert werden.

Page 73: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

73

Schema

DTD

Datentypen<location>

<latitude>32.904237</latitude>

<longitude>73.620290</longitude>

<uncertainty units="meters">2</uncertainty>

</location>

Eine Ortsangabe besteht aus dem Breitengrad, dem Längengrad und einem Maß für die Unsicherheit der beiden Angaben.

Ein Breitengrad ist eine Dezimalzahl zwischen -90 und +90.

Ein Längengrad ist eine Dezimalzahl zwischen -180 und +180.

Das Maß für die Unsicherheit ist eine nicht-negative Zahl.

Die Unsicherheit wird entweder in Meter oder in Fuß angeben.

Page 74: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

74

Unser DTD als Schema<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"

targetNamespace="http://www.books.org"

xmlns="http://www.books.org"

elementFormDefault="qualified">

<xsd:element name="BookStore">

<xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Book" maxOccurs="unbounded">

<xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/>

</xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType>

</xsd:element>

</xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType>

</xsd:element>

</xsd:schema>

Page 75: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

75

Einige Elementtypen

Datentyp Beispiel Erläuterung

string einfacher Text

boolean true,false,1,0

decimal 1,23 12345,66678

float -1E4 32 bit

double -1E4 64 bit

duration P1Y2M3DT10H30M 1 Jahr 2Monate 3 Tage

dateTime 2004-03-22T13:22:22 in date und time separierbar

hexBinary 0FB7 (0-9A-FA-F)

base64Binary xFhbhg/bsEg= Base64 kodierte Dateien

anyURI http://www.phaseforward.com

QName x:element1 anyURI:NCName

ID, IDREF NCName nur als datentyp von Attributen

Page 76: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

76

DTD <-> Schema

Jede DTD kann in ein äquivalentes XML-Schema übersetzt werden.

Tools wie XML Spy bieten eine entsprechende Funktionalität an.

Umgekehrt gibt es allerdings XML-Schemata, für die es keine äquivalente DTD gibt.

XML-Schemata sind also ausdrucksmächtiger als DTDs

Page 77: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

77

XML Schema sind selbst XML Dokumente

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"

targetNamespace="http://www.books.org"

xmlns="http://www.books.org"

elementFormDefault="qualified">

….

</xsd:schema>

Ein XML-Schema ist ein XML-Dokument.

Wurzel-Element eines Schemas ist immer „schema“ aus dem W3C-Namensraum „XMLSchema“.

Letzteres wird auch Schema der Schemata genannt.

Page 78: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

78

ELEMENT <!ELEMENT BookStore BookStore (Book+)>

<xsd:element name="BookStore">

<xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Book" type="BookType„ minOccurs="1„ maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType>

</xsd:element>

Standard-Werte für minOccurs und maxOccurs jeweils 1 minOccurs="1" kann also weggelassen werden!

Page 79: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

79

<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author+, Date, ISBN?, Publisher)>

<xsd:complexType name="BookType">

<xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded" />

<xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />

<xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/>

</xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType>

Page 80: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

80

Komplettes Schema<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"

targetNamespace="http://www.books.org"

xmlns="http://www.books.org"

elementFormDefault="qualified">

<xsd:element name="BookStore">

<xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Book" maxOccurs="unbounded">

<xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/>

</xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType>

</xsd:element>

</xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType>

</xsd:element>

</xsd:schema>

Page 81: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

81

Software zum Validieren

xerces by Apache (API)

• http://www.apache.org/xerces-j/index.html

MSXML (API)

• http://www.microsoft.com

XML Spy (GUI)

• http://www.xmlspy.com

http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema#Tools

Page 82: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

6. XSL(T)eXtensible Stylesheet Language

Page 83: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

83

XSL

Regeln zum Umwandeln von Dokumenten

nicht nur nach HTML

Page 84: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

84

Transformation

DTDSchemas

PDF

XML fileXSL(T)

Correct(well-formed)

file

(X)HTMLSVG

XMLXLS

TXT ..…

Page 85: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

85

XSL workshop

Click here – Tour daten

Cocoon

Page 86: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

7. SVGScalable Vector Graphics

Page 87: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

87

SVG

sind Graphiken, die auf XML beruhen

spezielle Anzeigeprogramme notwendig (Browser Plugin, Adobe SVG Viewer)

Page 88: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

8. Path, XQuery

Page 89: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

89

XPath

XPath (XML Path Language) ist eine Abfrage-Sprache, um Teile eines XML-Dokumentes zu adressieren. XPath 1.0 bildet die Grundlage der in XSLT verwendeten Patterns sowie von XPointer. Die nächste Version, XPath 2.0, wird zudem die Grundlage der XML-Abfragesprache XQL / XQuery / XML Query bilden.

Anatomie von XPath

XPath betrachtet, ähnlich dem DOM, XML-Dokumente als Baumstruktur mit Knoten. XPath unterscheidet dabei folgende Knotentypen:

• Dokumentwurzel

• Elemente

• Attribute

• Text

• Namespaces

• Processing Instructions

• Kommentare

Die Syntax ist angelehnt an die der UNIX-Pfadangaben.

Page 90: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

90

XPath Beispiel

Beispiel

<dok>

<!-- ein XML-Dokument -->

<kap title="Nettes Dokument"> <pa>Ein Absatz</pa><pa>Noch ein Absatz</pa><pa>Und noch Absatz</pa> <pa>Nett, oder?</pa>

</kap> <kap title="Zweites Kapitel"> <pa>Ein Absatz</pa>

</kap>

</dok>

Beispiele für XPath-Ausdrücke:

//pa selektiert alle pa-Elemente auf allen Ebenen

kap[@title="Nettes Dokument"]/pa selektiert alle Absätze des Kapitels "Nettes Dokument".

Page 91: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

91

siehe CD

XPath dokumentation

Page 92: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

9. Technische AnwendungenWebservices, Data Interchange, etc

Page 93: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

93

XML ist der Standard für alles

Webservices

Programmierumgebungen

Data Interchange

Systeme

Page 94: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

94

Webservices

WebStandard • a standardized interface, API

based on XML• independent, readable

several security issues fixed in the meantime

new thinking of ‚firewalling‘• it‘s now content oriented

Page 95: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

95

Programmierumgebung

.NET

• Visual Studio .NET

Java

• Eclipse

N(Ant) Build tool für beide Welten

Page 96: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

96

Data Interchange

B2B

E2B

CDISC

eCTD

Page 97: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

97

Systeme

MathML

ChemML

Phase Forwards MedML

Open Office

Page 98: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

98

MathML

Page 99: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

99

Bsp: SyncML

Page 100: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

100

Handys, Smartphones und PDAs mit integrierter SyncML-Unterstützung Modell Anbieter Gerätetyp Verfügbarkeit

Alcatel: ot715

Motoroal: A830, A835, V600, E390

Nokia 7250, 6800, 3650, 6220, 9210i, 7650

Samsung SGH-D700

Siemens: S55, SL55, M55, SX1

Sony Ericsson: T68i, T610, P800, Z1010, PEG-NZ90

PDAs: Sony PEG-NX70V, PEG-T675C,PEG-T625C

Page 101: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

10. E2B

Page 102: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

102

Welcome to the Electronic World for the Safety of the Circle of Life!

Page 103: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

10.1. ICH and where the name ‘E2B’ came from

Page 104: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

104

E2B – who is working with these standards?

Who is currently working with E2B?

Who knows the content of E2B?

Page 105: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

105

Introduction to ICH and Efficacy Topics

ICH

International Conference on Harmonisation

of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals

for Human Use

Page 106: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

106

Introduction to ICH and Efficacy Topics

ICH Representation

• Countries and Regions directly represented at ICH are the European Union, the USA and Japan.

• Canada, other European countries and other countries are represented by observers:

• Canada: Drugs Directorate, Health Canada

• Other European countries European Free Trade Area (EFTA) , represented at the ICH by Switzerland

• Other countries: World Health Organisation (WHO)

Additional Observer: International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

Page 107: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

107

Introduction to ICH and Efficacy Topics

ICH Structure

Three areas (European Union, USA, Japan)

- Regulatory Bodies for each area

- Research-base Industry for each area

Six Parties:Food & Drug Administration

European Commission

Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

Pharmaceutical Research

and Manufacturers of America

European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare,

Japan

USA

EU

Japan

Page 108: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

108

Introduction to ICH and Efficacy Topics

ICH Process

Step 1: Consensus building

Step 2: Start of Regulatory Action

Step 3: Regulatory Consultation

Step 4: Adoption of a Tripartite Harmonised Text

Step 5: Implementation

Page 109: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

109

The ICH website

Page 110: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

110

Where the name comes from ...

Structure of the ICH documents:

Q – Quality topics“Those relating to chemical and pharmaceutical Quality

Assurance“

S – Safety topics“Those relating to in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies“

E – Efficacy topics“Those relating to clinical studies in human subject“,

M – Multidisciplinary Topics“Topics covering more than one area“

Page 111: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

111

Where the name comes from ... (cont.)

all EFFICACY documents

E1 – Exposure

E2 – Clinical Safety

E3 – Study reports

E4 – Dose response

E5 – Ethnic factors

E6 – GCP

E7 – Special population

E8, 9, 10 – Clinical Trial Design

E11 – Pediatrics

E12 – Therapeutics Categories

Page 112: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

112

Where the name comes from ... (cont.)

all CLINICAL SAFETY documents

E2A – Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting

E2B – Data Elements for Transmission of ADR reports

E2B(M) – Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports

• Maintenance, last release February 2001

E2C – Periodic Safety Update Reports

Page 113: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

113

Where the name comes from ... (cont.)

Multidisciplinary Topics

M1 – Medical Terminology (MedDRA)

M2 – Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information (ESTRI)

M3 – Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials

M4 – The Common Technical Document

Page 114: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

114

E2B – E2B(M)

E2B contains the definition of all required data elements

The first definition was found to be successful and only minor revisions have been made

• (language problems, MedDRA versioning)

Pilot studies demonstrated succesful usage

M2 is another part of the ICH documents ...

Page 115: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

115

M2 Electronic transmission of ICSR Message Specification

M2 is part of ‘Multi-disciplinary Topics’ in the ICH structure

It is the technical description of E2B(M) and defines the interchange format

It exists in three different versions• 1.0

• 2.0

• 2.1 -> last release Nov. 2000, final version Feb. 2001

From the technical point of view: ICH ICSR DTD Version 2.1

Page 116: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

116

Interchange with E2B

... is an accepted international standard for interchange the ICSR (Individual Case Safety Report) data between the interested groups

Interchange between

• from authority to authority

• pharmaceutical industry to authorities

• inside a company

• B2B between companies (ex. pharmaceutical with CRO‘s)

Page 117: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

10.2. The content of an ICSR document

Page 118: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

118

The ICH-E2B/M2 Message StructureM ICH ICSR Message Header

A Information on the Safety Report

A.1 Identification of the Case Safety Report

A.2 Primary Source of Information

A.3.1 Sender

A.3.2 Receiver

B Information on the Case

B.1 Patient Characteristics

B.2 Reaction(s) / Event(s)

B.3 Results of Tests and Procedures

B.4 Drug(s) Information

B.5 Narrative Case Summary and Other Information

Page 119: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

119

E2B – example chapter A.1

IDENTIFICATION OF CASE RECORDS

Total of 14 different fields

Examples:

Unique Sender-ID, country information (primary source & where the case came up), date, report type, seriousness, linked with another case

Page 120: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

120

E2B – example field A.1.4

TYPE OF REPORT

Spontaneous report

Report from study

Other (... unclear from the literature report ...)

Not available to sender (unknown)

Page 121: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

121

Repeating records

In every Safety Report some repeating items are possible:

• example:

– Events (B.2)

– Drugs (B.4)

– Primary source (A.2)

Page 122: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

122

safetyreport area

(partial)

Page 123: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

123

patient area (partial)

Page 124: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

124

reaction area

Page 125: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

125

drug area (partial)

Page 126: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

10.3. E2B(M) and M2 – description of the model

Page 127: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

127

The technical description

Is found in the M2 document

Description of the:

• Safety report

• Acknowlegdement message

Contains a description: How to write an ICSR

Page 128: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

128

problem?

Page 129: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

129

language attribute and the DCL problem

5 characteristics fonts

Defined in an DCL file

• Declaration language file, which is SGML based

MLHW – two files for E2B submission

Page 130: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

130

MedDRA

Is a basic requirement for E2B

Which version?

How is it implemented in an E2B file?

LLT or PT?

at the Notes for GuidanceReg. Elec. Transmission of ICSR in Pharmacovigilance

Page 131: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

131

Problem: Unitlists (codelists)

Defined in the E2B(M) document

• Mass, Volume, Radioactivity, Other

• Interval list

• Route of Administration list

Page 132: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

132

Problem: More than one transmission of an ICSR

Unique Case ID

Solution in Appendix of the E2B(M) document

Page 133: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

133

The steps which need the most time:

Map your data !

(Data, Codelists)

Page 134: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

134

Clintrace E2b Data Mapping Principles

Mapping philosophy

• Mapping provides increased flexibility (particularly in view of the upcoming E2b changes)

• Mapping allows for addressing field length issues

– Note:The standard schema of your drug safety system includes many more data items than the E2b definition

Page 135: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

135

Clintrace E2b Data Mapping Principles (cont.)

Dependent on the type of item several mapping methods can be distinguished

• Direct Data directly transferable. This can be:Numerical (numbers; dates)Textual (any form of alpha-numerical data)

• Numeric Data transferable after numeric conversionExample: Weight quantity + unit Weight (in

KG)

• Text Data transferable after text conversionExample: Truncation or Concatenation

• Coded Data transferable after a code conversionExample: Sex

• Fixed Standard codes such as date formatsExample: Code 102 for complete dates

Page 136: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

136

E2b Mapping – Example: Case ID format

An automatic Case ID Generation algorithm can be implemented in order to create Case IDs directly compliant with E2b recommendations.

Alternatively the mapping can be used to transmit the compliant Case ID.

Case ID format for E2b is: country code (2 digits)-company or regulatory name-report number

Page 137: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

137

E2B Mapping: Codelists

Example: Reporter’s Qualification

1=Physician2=Pharmacist3=Other Health Professional4=Lawyer5=Consumer or Other Non Health Professional

Reporter's Type Code Value LabelHP Health Professional Health ProfessionalSI Study Investigator Study InvestigatorCN Consumer ConsumerUNK Unknown Unknown

Reporter's Occupation Code Value LabelPHARMACIST Pharmacist PharmacistLAWYER Lawyer Lawyer

Allowed Combinations Map to E2B code:HP/nn 1 (Physician)HP/empty 1 (Physician)SI/nn 1 (Physician)SI/empty 1 (Physician)HP/PHARMACIST 2 (Pharmacist)HP/OTHER_HP 3 (Other Health Professional)CN/LAWYER 4 (Lawyer)CN/OTHER_NON_HP 5 (Consumer or Other Non HP)CN/empty 5 (Consumer or Other Non HP)

Implementation proposal

Page 138: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

138

After sending an ICSR you ...

will receive an ACKNOWLEDGMENT Message:

• 1. The acknowledgement of receipt

• 2. The verification of correctness of the ICSR

Also sent out as XML (SGML)

Page 139: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

139

The acknowledgement message

Split into

• ICHICSR MESSAGE HEADER

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT

– Message acknowledgment (once)

– Report acknowledgment (once, many, none)

Page 140: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

140

Requirements for your Tracking System you must be able to react to error conditions quickly

• transport/communication error

– server down

– broken line

should support more than the standard messages

• should include also messages for non-transmission, other possible errors, etc.

Page 141: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

141

What does an ICSR file look like?

XML Notepad

The model

XML in IE

Page 142: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

10.4. The Electronic Journey

Page 143: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

143

DTDICH E2B

SGML Parser

DatabaseDefinition

DTDICH E2B

DatabaseDefinition

<ichicsr lang="en"> <safetyreport> <safetyreportid>KAL96.00180</safetyreportid> <primarysourcecountry>US</primarysourcecountry> <transmissiondateformat>102</transmissiondateformat> <transmissiondate>20011119</transmissiondate> <reporttype>2</reporttype> <serious>1</serious> <seriousnessdeath>2</seriousnessdeath> <seriousnesslifethreatening>2</seriousnesslifethreatening> <seriousnesshospitalization>1</seriousnesshospitalization> <seriousnessdisabling>2</seriousnessdisabling> <seriousnessother>2</seriousnessother> <receivedateformat>102</receivedateformat> <receivedate>19960318</receivedate> <receiptdateformat>102</receiptdateformat> <companynumb>KAL96.00180</companynumb> <primarysource> <reportertitle>Dr.</reportertitle> <reportergivename>Glenn</reportergivename> <reportermiddlename>H.</reportermiddlename> <reporterfamilyname>Wilson</reporterfamilyname> <reportercity>Mossville</reportercity> <reporterstate>TX</reporterstate> <reporterpostcode>71100</reporterpostcode> <reportercountry>US</reportercountry> .....

</ichicsr>

Application

Software

Sender DB GatewayEncryption

GatewayDecryption

The Electronic Journey of your ICSR

SGML Parser

GatewayAck

ICSRACKMessage

Receiver DB

Application

Software

Page 144: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

10.5. Links

Page 145: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

145

Useful links

http://www.ich.orghttp://www.ifpma.org/http://www.fda.gov/cder/http://www.eudravigilance.org/http:// www.fda.gov/cder/m2/http:// www.bfarm.dehttp:// www.meddramsso.com

Page 146: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

11. CDISC

Page 147: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

147

Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium

CDISC is an open, multidisciplinary, non-profit organization committed to the development of worldwide industry standards

to support the electronic acquisition, exchange, submission and archiving of clinical trials data and metadata for medical

and biopharmaceutical product development.

The CDISC mission is to lead the development of global, vendor-neutral, platform-independent standards to improve data

quality and accelerate product development in our industry.

Page 148: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

148

The Current State of Data Transfer

Lab

SubmissionData

Submission

MedicalRecords

CCRF

OperationalData

CRO

OperationalData

Pharma

Page 149: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

149

Current State: Costly and Time-consuming

Pharma 1

Pharma 2

Pharma N

...

CRO 1

CRO 2

CRO M

...

Investigator 1Investigator 2

Investigator K

...

Lab 1

Lab 2

Lab L

...

Regulatory

Page 150: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

150

Standards to Enable Seamless Data Flow ….from Patient to Reviewers

OperationalDatabase

SDSADaM

ODMLAB

eSubmission forRegulatory Review

CRO EDC

LAB

ECG

Page 151: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

151

Benefits of Standardizationin our Industry

Increase efficiencies of performing clinical trials

Improve link between healthcare delivery and clinical research/trials

Facilitate ‘business’ processes among investigators, biopharmaceutical companies, CROs, technology vendors, clinical laboratories

Provide means for long-term archive of electronic clinical trial data and digital signatures

Facilitate reviews of regulatory submissions

Page 152: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

152

Data Sources• Site CRFs

•Laboratories •Contract Research

Organizations•Development

Partners•Discovery Data

OperationalDatabase

•Study Data•Audit Trail•Metadata

ODM

Submission Data•CRT Datasets

•Analysis datasets•Metadata

SDM

CDISC models

ODM = Operational Data ModelSDM = Submissions Data Model

Pharma Industry

Regulatory

ArchivalDatabase

OD

M

Page 153: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

153

CDISC

Sponsors and Members join on a corporate basis (>120 Companies, including all of the top 20 global pharmaceutical companies)

54 members of the Industry Advisory Board, one from each Corporate Sponsor

9 Board members (from AstraZeneca, Aventis, Lilly, Merck, First Consulting Group, SAS, Sanofi-Synthelabo, PAREXEL Europe, and an HL7 liaison)

Active groups (~ 40 companies each) in Europe and Japan; group initiated in India

3.75 FTE Operations staff

4 Team facilitators (~3 days/month)

Page 154: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

154

Just one section: ODM<xs:element name="ODM">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element ref="Study" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:element ref="AdminData" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:element ref="ReferenceData" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:element ref="ClinicalData" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:element ref="Association" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:element ref="ds:Signature" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xs:any namespace="##other" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

</xs:sequence>

<xs:attribute name="Description" type="text"/>

<xs:attribute name="FileType" type="FileType" use="required"/>

<xs:attribute name="Granularity" type="Granularity"/>

<xs:attribute name="Archival" type="YesOnly"/>

<xs:attribute name="FileOID" type="oid" use="required"/>

<xs:attribute name="CreationDateTime" type="datetime" use="required"/>

<xs:attribute name="PriorFileOID" type="oidref"/>

<xs:attribute name="AsOfDateTime" type="datetime"/>

<xs:attribute name="ODMVersion" type="text"/>

<xs:attribute name="Originator" type="text"/>

<xs:attribute name="SourceSystem" type="text"/>

<xs:attribute name="SourceSystemVersion" type="text"/>

<xs:attribute name="Id" type="xs:ID"/>

<xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other"/>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:unique name="UC-O-1">

<xs:selector xpath="Study"/>

<xs:field xpath="@OID"/>

</xs:unique>

</xs:element>

Page 155: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

155

Major sections of the model

Page 156: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

156

Study

Page 157: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

157

Metadata are described in the structre itself!

Page 158: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

158

Clinical data

Page 159: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

159

Subject data

use XMP Spy

Page 160: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

160

Links

www.cdisc.org

Page 161: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

12. HL7

Page 162: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

© 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential.

13. Ist es Zukunft oder heute schon möglich?

Page 163: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

163

If you have a serious adverse event during a study ...

CIS

CRO / Investigator

runs a study (EDC or paper)

Sponsor

B2B server

ClinTrial

ClinTrace

Authority

(FDA,

EMEA)

Study coordinator

Drug safetyyes, SAE

SAE

eMail, SMS

Acknowlegdement

Documentation

Page 164: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

164

The (possible) use of XML extracts

CRO / Investigator SponsorStudy coordinator

Drug safety

CDISCClinTrial

WML

MedML

MedML

E2B

B2B server

ClinTrace

CIS

Authority

(FDA,

EMEA)

Documentation

Page 165: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

165

Links

www.w3c.org

www.xml.com

xml.apache.org

… eine Suche bei Google mit den drei Buchstaben ergab

ca. 36.400.000 Treffer (und das in Sekunden) ….

Page 166: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

166

Questions and Answers

Page 167: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

167

THANK YOU!

Joerg DillertSenior Consultant

Doebelner Str. 4

12627 Berlin

Tel.: +49 - (0) 30 99 28 29 11

Fax: +49 - (0) 30 99 28 29 12

mobile: +49 – (0) 170 448 04 45

[email protected]

Page 168: © 2003 Phase Forward Incorporated. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. XML Workshop XML – Standardformat für den Austausch von elektronischen

Nothing beats experience.