Copy the following chart on Copy the following chart on PortfolioPortfolio p58Write a brief description of each of the following (3 lines each):

1. Ulysses S. Grant:

2. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson:

3. Battle of Shiloh:

4. Fall of New Orleans:

5. Seven Days’ Battles:

6. Battle of Antietam:

7. Robert E. Lee:

8. George McClellan:

9: Lee’s 3 reason’s3 reason’s for invading the North:

16.316.3 Essential Question Essential Question (EQEQ): >> >> Portfolio Portfolio p59 p59 <<<<

Why, in the first two (2) Why, in the first two (2) years of the war, didyears of the war, didneither side gain a neither side gain a decisive victory over decisive victory over the other?the other?

Lesson 16.3Lesson 16.3: No End in SightNo End in Sight

Today we will describe the critical Today we will describe the critical events of the war in events of the war in 18621862..

Vocabulary • critical – very important; changes things• cavalry – soldiers on horseback• casualties – people killed or wounded in

battle• invade – enter like an enemy

Check for Understanding• What are we going to do today?• What does it mean to describe an event

as critical?

What are cavalry?Calvary refers to soldiers on horseback.

What are casualties?

Casualties are people who are killed or Casualties are people who are killed or wounded in battle.wounded in battle.

What does it mean to invade?

To invade is to go into a To invade is to go into a place with hostile intent, place with hostile intent,

like an enemy would.like an enemy would.

What We Already Know

Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee had had resigned from the resigned from the

Union army and had Union army and had offered his services to offered his services to

the Confederacy.the Confederacy.

What We Already Know

The Confederate victory The Confederate victory at the at the Battle of Battle of Bull Run Bull Run made many in the North doubt made many in the North doubt

whether the war could be won.whether the war could be won.

What We Already KnowThe union strategy called for a coastal The union strategy called for a coastal

blockade and capture of the Mississippi blockade and capture of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two.River to cut the Confederacy in two.

Union Victories in the West

In 1862, Union General Ulysses S. Grant captured two Confederate river forts in

Tennessee.

Union Victories in the West

• Both forts were commanded by Confederate General Lloyd Tilghman.

• These were Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.

Union Victories in the West

Capturing Fort Henry was important

because such a victory would open up

a river highway into the heart of the South

allowing Union gunboats and

supplies to travel on the river as far as northern Alabama.

A week later, Union A week later, Union troops captured troops captured

Tennessee’s capital, Tennessee’s capital, Nashville.Nashville.

Union Victories in the West

The Battle of ShilohThe Battle of Shiloh

• As Confederate troops retreated into Mississippi, Grant followed.

• The two sides met in April 1862 near Shiloh Church in Tennessee.

The Battle of ShilohThe The Battle of Shiloh Battle of Shiloh turned out to be the turned out to be the

bloodiest battlebloodiest battle the Civil War the Civil War had yet seenhad yet seen..

The Battle of Shiloh• The number of dead and wounded Union

soldiers was more than 13,000.• The Confederates lost nearly 11,000 out of

41,000 soldiers.

The Battle of ShilohThe Battle of Shiloh

The Battle of Shiloh

• Union Congressmen were shocked by the casualties at Shiloh and demanded Grant’s removal.

The Battle of Shiloh

• Union Congressmen were shocked by the casualties at Shiloh and demanded Grant’s removal.

• Lincoln replied, “I can’t spare this man – he fights.”

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17. Where did Ulysses S. Grant win three important victories in the West?

A. ShilohB. Fort McHenryC. Fort HenryD. New OrleansE. Fort Donelson

Choose all that are true!

Why was the Battle of Shiloh considered a costly victory for the North?

Although the battle was a Union victory, almost 13,000 federal soldiers were killed or wounded.

The Fall of New OrleansIn April 1862, a Union fleet led by David Farragut captured New Orleans, defended by Confederate

General Mansfield Lovell.

The Fall of New Orleans

After the victories of General Grant and Admiral Farragut, the Union controlled most

of the Mississippi River.

The Fall of New Orleans

The North was well on its way to

cutting the Confederacy in

two.

But guarding the remaining stretch of the Mississippi was the heavily armed

Confederate fort at Vicksburg.

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18. Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans significant to the Union cause?

A. These victories established a tighter naval blockade of the Confederate coast.

B. The Union was now closer to capturing the Confederate capital at Charleston.

C. They helped the Union gain foreign support from Britain and France.

D. They meant the North was nearer its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two.

Lee Claims Victories in the East

• In 1862, in the East, after many delays, Union General George McClellan finally made his move to capture Richmond.

• Soon, McClellan’s Army of the Potomac was within a few miles of the Confederate capital.

Lee Claims Victories in the East

In June 1862, Robert E. Lee took

command of the Army of Northern

Virginia and began to turn things

around.

Lee Claims Victories in the East

• Lee sent Jeb Stuart and his cavalry to spy on McClellan’s army and to find out its size.

• Stuart rode around the entire Union army in just a few days and reported its size back to Lee.

Lee Claims Victories in the East

Lee attacked McClellan’s forces, and for about a Lee attacked McClellan’s forces, and for about a week in July the two sides fought a series of week in July the two sides fought a series of clashes known as the clashes known as the Seven Days’ BattlesSeven Days’ Battles. .

Lee Claims Victories in the EastAfter After Confederate troops won a second victory at Confederate troops won a second victory at

Bull Run against McClellan six weeks laterBull Run against McClellan six weeks later, the , the Union army retreated to Washington, D.C.Union army retreated to Washington, D.C.

Lee Invades the North

• In In September 1862September 1862, Lee crossed , Lee crossed the Potomac to invade Maryland. the Potomac to invade Maryland.

• He decided to carry the war to He decided to carry the war to the North for several reasons.the North for several reasons.

• First of all, he hoped that a First of all, he hoped that a victory would force Lincoln to victory would force Lincoln to talk peace. talk peace.

Lee Invades the North

Second, the invasion

would give Virginia

farmers a break from

the war during harvest season.

Lee Invades the North

Lee’s third reason was based on the

Confederacy’s need for foreign assistance.

Lee Invades the NorthBy 1862, the English textile industry was beginning

to suffer from a lack of Southern cotton.

Lee Invades the North

People in People in Britain Britain and and FranceFrance were starting to lean were starting to lean toward supporting the Confederacy, toward supporting the Confederacy, butbut their their political leaders were not yet convinced the political leaders were not yet convinced the

Confederacy could win independence. Confederacy could win independence.

Lee Invades the NorthLee hoped Lee hoped that a successful invasion of that a successful invasion of

the North the North might persuade European might persuade European governmentsgovernments to side with the South. to side with the South.

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What was the result of the Seven Days’ Battles?

A. Union forces scored their first victory against Lee.

B. Confederates turned back the Union effort to take Richmond.

C. Ulysses Grant replaced McClellan.D. Fort Donelson and Fort Henry fell.

19. Why did Lee decide to invade the North?

A. Victory on Union soil might force Lincoln to talk peace.

B. Winning battles on Union soil would bring him personal glory.

C. A successful invasion might convince Europe to side with the South.

D. Moving the fighting into Maryland would give Virginia farmers a rest during the harvest season.

Choose all that are true!

Bloody Antietam

Just as Lee was beginning his

invasion of the North, a Union soldier found a

copy of his battle plans wrapped

around a bundle of cigars.

Bloody Antietam

General McClellan General McClellan now knew Lee’s now knew Lee’s campaign plans, and he launched an campaign plans, and he launched an attack of his own against Lee’s army.attack of his own against Lee’s army.

Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam• The Battle of Antietam, Maryland in

September 1862 was the bloodiest day in all of American history.

• Almost 25,000 soldiers were killed or wounded.

Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam

Lee lost about Lee lost about one-thirdone-third of his fighting of his fighting force, and he withdrew to Virginia.force, and he withdrew to Virginia.

Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam

• McClellan did not follow, missing a chance to McClellan did not follow, missing a chance to finish off the wounded Southern army. finish off the wounded Southern army.

• President Lincoln was so angry that he fired President Lincoln was so angry that he fired McClellan.McClellan.

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20. What were the results of the Battle of Antietam?

A. Lincoln was urged to remove Grant from command.

B. Several high-ranking officers were killed on both sides.

C. It was the bloodiest single day in all of American history.

D. Lee lost nearly one-third of his fighting force.E. Lincoln fired McClellan for being too

cautious.F. Cavalry commander Jeb Stuart rode around

the entire Union army.G. Lee retreated from Maryland.

Choose all that are true!

Why did Lee retreat after the Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam?

A. He had exhausted his supplies and needed to return to Virginia.

B. President Davis ordered him to return to defend Richmond from Grant’s attacks.

C. His men had lost their former confidence in his leadership.

D. The defeat had cost him about one-third of his fighting force.