Upload
ada-johns
View
212
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Coping with Complexity: Mapping Sustainable
Agriculture in Orissa using RTD Framework
C. Shambu Prasad & Sumita Sindhi
March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
The journey of the book• Changing landscape of agricultural
research, what policy interventions might help us cope?
• RTD framework and policy dialogue• Workshops to test the ground – Nov 2006, Feb
2008, interest and need for stakeholder dialogue on agriculture
• Orissa government’s draft agricultural policy as context
• Mapping study that could lead to policy dialogue
• XIMB & the SRI learning allianceMarch 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
Context – why such a study• Complexity of agricultural innovation – linear
models not working
• Decreasing returns to scale – nature catching up big way
• Responses not commensurate – old methods cannot work, support mechanisms for alternate models not existing.
• Policy processes not inclusive – few experts cant solve our common future
March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
Coping with complexity
1. Policies policymaking and science policy
2. Policy analysis and the RTD framework
3. Agriculture in Orissa4. Study findings and analysis5. Towards a policy network
March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
Thinking differently on policies• ‘Orissa agriculture as backward, lagging behind’ – • Response 1: Orissa needs to get its due – farmers not
experiences first green revolution - introduce more seeds, improve irrigation coverage etc.
• Response 2: Build on newer opportunities – climate proofing possibilities, farmers more responsive to SRI, organic farming. Low ecological stress.
• Energy – agricultural nexus. (1.52% natnl avg 21.7%)• Fertiliser 2% of total – poor access• What sort of support can make a difference? • Does Orissa need different solutions?March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
Policy analysis and RTD framework
• Mental models to understand policy too have been linear
• Policy-making as complex, messy, interactive process. • How to accelerate learning from experience?• How to link research and technology to democracy? • How to integrate other forms of knowledge into policy?• RTD as an open learning process• Invest in policy dialogues – the policies will be better.
March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
Agriculture in Orissa: Overview• Most important livelihood – 23% of state GDP, 70 %
of workforce• Largely small and marginal farmers (80%)• Single crop state 74% area under rice• Not in top three on any food grain• Self sufficiency in foodgrains?• Low productivity (showing upward trend)• Strong regional disparities• Greater potential in fruits and vegetables, spices• Extension system collapsing, understaffedMarch 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
State Agriculture Policy1996
• Status of Industry• Mechanization • Estb. APICOL• Emphasis on cash crops
and exports• High subsidies on agro
and food-based industries• Irrigation, marketing,
insurance, credit – only of cash crops
2008• Improve economic
status of farmers• Holistic – WUE, SRI, IPM• Participatory – farmers,
private partners• Integration with NREGS,
NFSM• Support for organic
farming, rainfed agri, • Demand driven research• Untouched issues
Policy through RTD lens• Research Institutional Infrastructure – • Research Funding structure – Central
government & State funding (on decline) NAIP (World Bank), DFID, IFAD; emphasis on private investment
• Value laden knowledge – Need better understanding, indigenous knowledge insufficiently recognised
• Concept of development - largely in economic terms, empowerment? Mention of self confidence of farmers, mechanisms…
Policy thro RTD Cont.• Policy dialogue – centre driven
decisions, consultative group, media and internet, no procedures for feedback, CSOs as conduits
• Challenges – to make it an open, learning process, need to improve process, make it inclusive, mechanisms and institutions to be established
• S&T landscape – Assess the strength of research institutes (actor tools used), multiple organisations poor coordination
Actor Oriented ToolsFocuses on• mapping the relationship/linkages• flow of information among various actors• system to facilitate reflection and action
Helps in• suggesting ways for better collaboration
and involvement• improve the procedure of policy
formulation• strengthen the policy dialogue process
Actor oriented tools• Agriculture Time Line • Stakeholder mapping • Actor Linkage Matrix understanding of
the key institutional linkages with which project should work, or strengthen, to achieve its aims.
• Determinants Diagram – exploring nature of a particular linkage
• Better done collectively, as an aid to reflection and planning
Simplified Actor Linkage Matrix
Do
A
OU
AT
WT
CE
R
NR
CW
A
CT
CR
I
CIP
OS
AM
B
AP
ICO
L
CY
SD
SV
A
SA
MB
HA
V
Farm
er
Fed
.
DF
ID
Farm
ers
DoA
OUAT
WTCER
NRCWA
CTCRI
CIP
OSAMB
APICOL
CYSD
SVA
SAMBHAV
Farmer Fed.
DFID
Farmers
Strong linkage Medium linkage Weak linkage Not relevant
Actor Linkage Matrix
• DoA has weak linkage with the ICAR research institutes and most CSOs
• Inter ICAR institute linkages are also minimal
• CSOs provide information to the farmers, farmers trust them
• International research institutes dialogue with other research institutes and agriculture department currently low
• Donor agencies basically confined to areas of project implementation
• Farmers, CSOs not very aligned with government actions and mechanisms.
Arrange for more interactions through various forums
State Agriculture Policy & Research & Technology Linkages
Empowered NGOs/CSOs
Increase in research funding
Interdepartmental research projects
Consultation meetings
Frameworks as RTD
Ideological differences of researchers & politicians
Weak link between agriculture dept. & Research Institutes
Laboratory -oriented research
Farmers’ voices unheard
Weak extension services
Channelize funds for more field research
Increase interactions & holistic solutions
Act as conduits between farmers & department
Sensitization of stakeholders
More collaborative projects
Field research preferred
Strengthen linkage with NGOs/CSOs & media support
Training for extension staff to bring forth backward & forward linkages
Strengthening factors
Weakening factors
What to do?
What to do?
Determinants Diagram – Pg 42
Linkage between Agriculture Policy and Research &
TechnologyStrengthening factors:• Develop better communication modes• Interactions at various forums• Collaborative projects• Sensitization of the government officials
and NGOs in emerging frameworks • Increase in research funding• Interdepartmental research projects
Agricultural policy and research
Weakening factors: Mostly systemic• Ideological differences of researchers and policy
makers• Laboratory oriented research• Weak links of dept. of agriculture• Weak extension servicesNeed to empower farmers, research organizations
and CSOs for better flow of research and technology in both directions.
Not unique to Orissa, but Orissa could like learning alliance take a lead
Towards a Policy Network
• RTD as enabling framework, greater ‘buy-in’ from policy makers needed.
• CSOs need to focus more on policymaking than policies perse.
• Empowering stakeholders necessary for better policies and implementation.
• From technologies to institutional mechanisms• Single agency to multiple consortia.• The case for policy networks
March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop
Questions for the panel1. Specific comments on agricultural policy and
research study2. Your (organisation) role, if any, in shaping the
policy.3. What do you see as the key challenges in
translating the policy into action and4. What could organisations like yours do and
what policy support it needs to take this collective agenda further.
March 6, 2009 Orissa Agricultural Policy workshop