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Copenhagen's summit

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The Copenhagen climate change summit has attracted

a great deal of attention from the international

community. No legally binding agreement was made so the level

of success of the conference was unclear.

As a result there are many different opinions about the

degree of progress made on climate change policy.

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Naturally those who expected a legally-binding treaty

were disappointed and a lot of critics have dubbed thesummit a "failure." But the American president

thought differently.

Obama said significant consensus had been made at

the summit. The Chinese government also believes

that the Copenhagen conference made positive

achievements as a result of the joint efforts of its

participants.

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W hether or not the Copenhagen conference failed is

determined by the way in which success is defined.Prior to the conference some countries claimed failure

in Copenhagen was not an option.

Now they are either unwilling to admit the failure or

are attempting to blame other countries.

No country will concede that failure was caused by its

refusal to assume responsibilities and find a suitable

comprising ground for their interests.

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Any perceived failings of the conference were due to each

country's desire to maintain economic development, an objective

which is always prioritized above safeguarding global security.

Developed countries have a national consensus for further

development. They do not think it necessary to curtail their

development in order to fight the global warming.

As a result, they have to make enormous efforts in upgrading

regulations and improving emission reduction technology to cut

greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining development.In the meantime, their net economic output may decline. If their

peers adopt the same measures, they will be under more pressure

to reach their emission reduction targets by making sacrifices.

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But some nations may find it unreasonable if a history of high

emissions levels is always used to encourage developed nations to

make concessions.

Even if they agree to make sacrifices, they may lay down certain

conditions in order to offset periodical economic losses resulting

from emissions reduction.

The conflict between developed countries and developing

countries is obvious. The two groups have different definitions of

the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities"which makes allowances for developing nations and those which

do not have a history of damaging the planet.

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There is a war among nations to protect their own core

interests. In this war, the exact meaning of the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" plays a significant

role in trying to achieve a legally binding emission reduction

document.

Clearly between now and 2020, China's policies will greatly

affect the world. China's absolute emission growth is still large

though the nation has made great efforts to reduce it.

As one of world's major emitters, even the most optimistic

estimates would place China's emission growth at 75 percent of

that in 2005.

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This is why China attracted the world's attention in COP15

conference. During the conference, China claimed that the nation

prefers to take voluntary reduction actions than to accept an

international agreement.

The international community expressed concern that while China

has greatly reduced carbon intensity, the absolute emission growth

is still large. So it is understandable the leaders of other nations

sought an international consensus on emission reduction.

Developing countries and their populations are in the

majority worldwide. Asia is home to 5 out of 7 of the world's

most populous countries.

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Economies in Asia such as Kuwait, Singapore, Brunei and

Hong Kong have ranked the world's top 20 in per capita

purchasing power but they are just small economies.

W hile China's and India's populations are the world's first and

second highest, their per capita purchasing power are only the

world's 133rd and 167th respectively. Indonesia, Pakistan and

Bangladesh rank 155th, 173rd, and 197th respectively.

Although a small percentage of Asian countries have achieved

high living standards, most of Asia is still far from achieving

industrialization and urbanization so aspirations of

development are justified.

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Based on the aforementioned differences between developed and

developing countries, conflict is inevitable.

The solution is to improve developing countries' development

model, change their extensive development mode, improve energy

structures, increase energy efficiency and research and develop

emission reduction technology.

In conclusion, it is possible to control the amount of emission

growth of developing countries, particularly if they receive enough

technical and financial assistance from developed countries.

A joint effort by the international community is the key to

continuing negotiations until an outcome is agreed by all countries.

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THANK YOUDONE BY: GROUP 2