Control systems and Computer Networks - Embedded and ... · Dr Alun Moon Control systems and Computer Networks Lecture 1.1 3 / 9. Characteristics I Reliability MissionCritical lifethreatening

Control systems and Computer NetworksEmbedded and Networked Systems

Dr Alun Moon

Lecture 1.1

Dr Alun Moon Control systems and Computer Networks Lecture 1.1 1 / 9

Embedded Systems

I A Computer that is built into electronic devices to simplify the designor enhance performance.

I Often the user is unaware of the presence of the computer.I Interacts with the physical world.I Networked communicates with other devices and computers to

co-ordinate actions and distribute the workload.


Embedded Systems


I Often the user is unaware of the presence of the computer.

I Interacts with the physical world.I Networked communicates with other devices and computers to



Embedded Systems


I Often the user is unaware of the presence of the computer.I Interacts with the physical world.

I Networked communicates with other devices and computers toco-ordinate actions and distribute the workload.


Embedded Systems


I Often the user is unaware of the presence of the computer.I Interacts with the physical world.I Networked communicates with other devices and computers to



CharacteristicsI Reliability

• Mission Critical• life threatening• 24/7/365• Can’t reboot

I Performance

• Soft and Hard Real-Time requirements.• External events trigger actions.• Some degree of multi-tasking (interrupts/RTOS)

I Cost

• Consumer market – minimise manufacturing costs• Fast time to market required• No chance for future in service modifications

I Limited Interaction

• difficult to debug• demanding technical and programming work

I Challenging, demanding, fun, & very satisfying to work on



• Mission Critical

• life threatening• 24/7/365• Can’t reboot

I Performance


I Cost







• Mission Critical• life threatening

• 24/7/365• Can’t reboot

I Performance


I Cost







• Mission Critical• life threatening• 24/7/365

• Can’t rebootI Performance


I Cost








I Performance


I Cost








I Performance


I Cost








I Performance• Soft and Hard Real-Time requirements.

• External events trigger actions.• Some degree of multi-tasking (interrupts/RTOS)

I Cost








I Performance• Soft and Hard Real-Time requirements.• External events trigger actions.

• Some degree of multi-tasking (interrupts/RTOS)I Cost








I Performance• Soft and Hard Real-Time requirements.• External events trigger actions.• Some degree of multi-tasking (interrupts/RTOS)

I Cost









I Cost









I Cost• Consumer market – minimise manufacturing costs

• Fast time to market required• No chance for future in service modifications








I Cost• Consumer market – minimise manufacturing costs• Fast time to market required

• No chance for future in service modificationsI Limited Interaction







I Cost• Consumer market – minimise manufacturing costs• Fast time to market required• No chance for future in service modifications

















I Limited Interaction• difficult to debug

• demanding technical and programming workI Challenging, demanding, fun, & very satisfying to work on






I Limited Interaction• difficult to debug• demanding technical and programming work







I Limited Interaction• difficult to debug• demanding technical and programming work

I Challenging, demanding, fun, & very satisfying to work onDr Alun Moon Control systems and Computer Networks Lecture 1.1 3 / 9

Jacqard LoomEarly industrial automation

I Punched Cardscontrolling loom

I 1804I manufacturing textiles

with such complexpatterns as brocade,damask and matelassé


Ubiquitous

I Embedded systems outnumber PC "Computers"

• ≈ 100 : 1I Many unseen

• 5 or more in the kitchen• at least 2 on the outside of the PC• several in this room

I A "Computer" is a collection of several micro-cotrollers/processors

examplesI More than 86 billion ARM R©-based chips shipped to date.I Microchip – PIC and AVR (ATmega in Arduino)


Ubiquitous

I Embedded systems outnumber PC "Computers"• ≈ 100 : 1

I Many unseen





Ubiquitous


I Many unseen





Ubiquitous


I Many unseen• 5 or more in the kitchen

• at least 2 on the outside of the PC• several in this room




Ubiquitous


I Many unseen• 5 or more in the kitchen• at least 2 on the outside of the PC

• several in this roomI A "Computer" is a collection of several micro-cotrollers/processors



Ubiquitous


I Many unseen• 5 or more in the kitchen• at least 2 on the outside of the PC• several in this room




Ubiquitous






Ubiquitous






Following in the Steps and LeapsApollo Guidance Computer

I First use of integrated circuits to build a computer.

• Kick started IC industry• NASA/MIT/Apollo consumed 60% of the IC production in the USA

I Early use of concurrency via extensive use of interrupts.I One of the first significant avionics control systemsI High reliability. (MTBF 50000 hours)I Pioneered many embedded, safety-critical techniques.

• Margaret Hamilton, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, withher colleagues, she developed the building blocks for modern “softwareengineering,” a term Hamilton coined.

• Apollo 11, 1201 and 1202 alarms

I May be the first “networked” embedded system



I First use of integrated circuits to build a computer.• Kick started IC industry

• NASA/MIT/Apollo consumed 60% of the IC production in the USAI Early use of concurrency via extensive use of interrupts.I One of the first significant avionics control systemsI High reliability. (MTBF 50000 hours)I Pioneered many embedded, safety-critical techniques.






I First use of integrated circuits to build a computer.• Kick started IC industry• NASA/MIT/Apollo consumed 60% of the IC production in the USA








I Early use of concurrency via extensive use of interrupts.

I One of the first significant avionics control systemsI High reliability. (MTBF 50000 hours)I Pioneered many embedded, safety-critical techniques.







I Early use of concurrency via extensive use of interrupts.I One of the first significant avionics control systems

I High reliability. (MTBF 50000 hours)I Pioneered many embedded, safety-critical techniques.







I Early use of concurrency via extensive use of interrupts.I One of the first significant avionics control systemsI High reliability. (MTBF 50000 hours)

I Pioneered many embedded, safety-critical techniques.









• Apollo 11, 1201 and 1202 alarmsI May be the first “networked” embedded system





















Modern Network of systems


Control

I Deal with physical signals

I Physical QuantitiesI Sense environment

• Voltages• Temperatures• Button Presses

I Effect environment

• Lights & Heating• Motors – motion• Change physical quantities

I


Control

I Deal with physical signalsI Physical Quantities

I Sense environment




I


Control

I Deal with physical signalsI Physical QuantitiesI Sense environment




I


Control


• Voltages

• Temperatures• Button Presses



I


Control


• Voltages• Temperatures

• Button PressesI Effect environment


I


Control





I


Control





I


Control



I Effect environment• Lights & Heating

• Motors – motion• Change physical quantities

I


Control



I Effect environment• Lights & Heating• Motors – motion

• Change physical quantitiesI


Control



I Effect environment• Lights & Heating• Motors – motion• Change physical quantities

I


Control




I Virtual Reality


Control




I Virtual Reality


We Deal with Reality

You take the red pill – you stay in Wonderland, and I show youhow deep the rabbit hole goes.

Morpheus, The Matrix


We Deal with Reality

You take the red pill – you stay in Wonderland, and I show youhow deep the rabbit hole goes.

Morpheus, The MatrixDr Alun Moon Control systems and Computer Networks Lecture 1.1 9 / 9

Documents

Control systems and Computer Networks - Embedded and ... · Dr Alun Moon Control systems and Computer Networks Lecture 1.1 3 / 9. Characteristics I Reliability MissionCritical lifethreatening