Control Strategies Affected by Changes in IECC-2012 · 2013-03-14 · Learning Objectives Oct 2012 page 3 After attending the “Control Strategies Affected by Changes in IECC-2012"

Oct 2012

Control Strategies Affected by Changes in

IECC-2012

Siemens Building Technologies, Inc. is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members.

Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or constructed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

AIA/CES

Learning Objectives

Oct 2012 page 3

After attending the

“Control Strategies Affected by Changes in IECC-2012"

seminar, the participant will:

  Learn about the history leading up to the current standard

  Identify how equipment changes effect the controls

  Prepare for changes in controls specifications and sequences

  Understand suggestions for reaching new efficiency goals

Agenda

Oct 2012 page 4

Equipment Changes and Controls

Controls for HVAC

Non-HVAC Controls

Best Practices

Codes and Standards Background

History of Commercial Building Energy Codes

Oct 2012 page 5

Year 90.1 Revision

Year

Energy Efficiency Description

1978 1975 65,000 BTU/ft2/Year National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA)

1992 1989 1992 Energy Policy Act mandates all states must review/consider adopting the national model energy standard (ASHRAE 90.1-1989).

2004 1999-2001 53,300 BTU/ft2/Year 1992 Energy Policy Act requires States energy codes to meet/exceed ASHRAE 90.1-1999 by July 15, 2004.

2005 2004 47,000 BTU/ft2/Year Energy Policy Act of 2005 mandated all states must review/consider adopting national model energy standard (ASHRAE 90.1 -2004).

2009 2004 47,000 BTU/ft2/Year American Clean Energy & Security Act of 2009 (ACES) DOE adopts National Energy Code based on ASHRAE 90.1

2009 2007 42,300 BTU/ft2/Year American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) Requires IECC as code based on 90.1-2007; 11% below ASHRAE 90.1-2004

2013 2010 36,000 BTU/ft2/Year IECC-2012 update; 30% energy savings over 90.1-2004. States adopt no later than December 2013

2015 2013+ 23,500 BTU/ft2/Year 50% energy savings below 90.1-2004 (Goal)

Oct 2012 page 6

ASHRAE 90.1 Recent Milestones

  1999 – Major Revision

  2001 – Minor revisions

  2004 – Verbiage changed to Code language - SSPC 90.1 adopts continuous maintenance Addenda “on the go”; compiled every 3 years

  2007 – 15 Addenda adopted – VAV Zone controls limit reheat and recool - Single Zone VAV DX requires fan

modulation above 9 tons – Exterior lighting densities defined and

incentives for lighting controls – Heat pump Pool heater require COP of 4

  2010 – 52 Addenda adopted about mechanical Information is drawn from ASHRAE Journal 2008, Schwedler, Mick “The Future of 90.1”

Oct 2012 page 7

Building Codes

  ICC is largest standards management body for construction in US - Combined BOCA, ICBO, and SBCCI

  International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) for Commercial Buildings created in 2000 - Similar to 90.1-1999

  IECC 2006 adopts 90.1-2004 as reference energy standard

  Latest IECC update 2012 - References ASHRAE 90.1-2010 - Supplemental language above and beyond 90.1

  Most states have adopted automatic update of codes based no update to IECC or 90.1

Information is drawn from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Building Energy Codes Program and the Building Codes Assistance Project (BCAP)

Oct 2012 page 8

Design Standards

  LEED 2009 (v3) - EAp2 Min Energy Performance - EAc1 Optimize Energy Performance - Reference 90.1-2007 without addenda

  LEED lags in adoption - 3 years behind IECC-2012

- 5 years behind 90.1-2010 with addenda

  Customer Driven - ex. Federal Government

- ex. University President’s Commitment

IECC-2009 coincides with LEED EA minimum: NC → Code = EAp2 EB → Code = EAp2

States’ Adoption of Building Codes

Oct 2012 page 9

Source: US Dept of Energy Building Energy Codes Program Website http://www.energycodes.gov/adoption/states


States’ Adoption of Building Codes

Oct 2012 page 10


IECC-2012 design model is approximately 18% more efficient than LEED minimum:

NC → Code = EAc1 4 points EB → Code = EAc1 6 points

California Title 24 Comparison

Oct 2012 page 11

Source: “Rethinking Percent Savings: The Problem with Percent Savings and the New Scale for a Zero Net-Energy Future”, prepared by Architectural Energy Corporation and Southern California Edison; FIGURE 2 – CURRENT ENERGY METRIC

Oct 2012 page 12

Progress Toward Sustainability

189.1-2010

90.1-2007

90.1-2010

189.1-2013

90.1-2004 90.1-2001

90.1-2013

100-2011

Oct 2012 page 13

IECC Energy Efficient Design of Commercial Buildings

 Target: New Buildings

2006 Edition, (baseline set by 90.1-2004)

2009 Edition, (90.1-2007)  18% more energy efficient than 2006 edition

2012 Edition, (90.1-2010)  30% more energy efficient than 2006 edition  Over 100 Approved Addendums  Controls mentioned 67 times

ASHRAE 90.1-2013, the Challenge  50% more energy efficient than 2006 edition.

Oct 2012 page 14/23

SSPC 100 Energy Efficient Existing Buildings

 Target: Existing Buildings [Under Development]

 Purpose:  Energy efficient exiting buildings  Provide procedures and programs towards energy efficient

operation, maintenance, management and monitoring;  Increase energy efficiency of energy-using systems and

components; and  Upgrading thermal performance of the building envelope.

US Climates

Oct 2012 page 15

9 Climate Zones + 3 moisture zones = 17 climates

Agenda

Oct 2012 page 16

Equipment Changes and Controls

Controls for HVAC

Non-HVAC Controls

Best Practices

Codes and Standards Background

Standard Says Equipment Efficiency Ratings changed from SEER to IEER - Recognizes part load performance

- Covers a variety of terminal units   Heat pumps

  Fan Coils

  VRF

  Rooftops

Effect on Controls -Decoupled cooling components

- Packaged cooling terminal units

  VRF and HPs - More points to monitor

- More smart terminal units =

more integration and

less single source controls - Less pure VAV box systems

- AHUs driven by Vent loads not design cooling loads

Oct 2012 page 17

Equipment Changes and Effects on Controls Design

“Part load efficiency means part load sensing + part load outputs which means smarter controls.”

Standard Says

All AC equipment with water cooled condensers must have a control valve that can stop the flow when cooling is not needed (C403.4.3.3.3)

Effect on C

ontrols

More Control Valves Coordinate pumps with 0% call for cooling Promotes variable pumping systems with controls

Oct 2012 page 18


Standard Says Added VRF Systems

Added Water-to-Water HPs

Recognizes condenser heat recovery methods

Machine efficiency requirement determined by heat rejection method

Effect on Controls - More options to move away from pure VAV systems

- More options for using water source heat rejection

- More options for synergy between heating and cooling

-More options for engineers to reject heat

Oct 2012 page 19


Standard Says

Fan speed reduction required on small packaged AHUs - Tons >9.2 at loads less than 50% - 2 speed or variable fan speed

Effect on C

ontrols

More complex packaged units More smart rooftops – integration

to BAS is good practice Vent volume should be maintained If serving a DCV zone, then more

control loops and variable vent

Oct 2012 page 20


Standard Says

Fan speed reduction required on CHW AHUs - fan motor > 5 hp - 2 speed or variable fan speed

Effect on Controls

Fan speed controls Variable ventilation positions Compensation for building pressure balancing Discharge temperature sensors If DCV zones, then OAI monitoring required More controls points on smaller systems  Was 15 hp in IECC-2006 (90.1-2004)

Oct 2012 page 21


Oct 2012 page 22


Table 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy recovery Requirements

Climate Zone

% Outdoor Air at Full Design Airflow Rate

30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% > 80%

Design Supply Fan Airflow Rate (cfm)

3bc,4bc,5b NR NR NR NR ≥5000 ≥5000

1b,2b,5c NR NR ≥26000 ≥12000 ≥5000 ≥4000

6b ≥11000 ≥5500 ≥4500 ≥3500 ≥2500 ≥1500

1a-6a ≥5500 ≥4500 ≥3500 ≥2000 ≥1000 >0

7,8 ≥2500 ≥1000 >0 >0 >0 >0

Standard Says

Zone 5a and 6a Energy Recovery Ventilation Requirements

Oct 2012 page 23


Energy Recovery Effect on Controls

More control points Coordinate with Economizer Bypass for economizer means motorized isolation dampers Exceptions for labs, warehouses, solar heat, distributed exhaust

Standard Says VFDs on unitary water pumps > 5 hp VFDs on all other system water pumps > 10hp (Down from 50hp)

Effect on Controls -VFDs on almost all pumps

- More points to monitor

- Sensor to control pump - More control loops

- More communication points

Oct 2012 page 24


Standard Says Chiller Part Load Efficiency metric to meet (Addendum M)

Effect on Controls - “80% of chiller operation spent at less than 50% load”

- Sequencing chiller more complex - Whole system optimization should take into account system loads, pump speeds, tower approach, etc.

- Chiller efficiency taken before compressor VFD means less attractive to put VFD on compressor

Oct 2012 page 25


Standard Says Chiller Part Loads Part II

Effect on Controls Water distribution improvements:

  Flatten system flow curve for better turn down

  Better matching of control valves to coils to raise coil ∆T   More modulating control valves to reduce spikes

  Temperature reset strategies to keep coils in sweet spots

  Flow modulation to keep ∆T high

  More variable primary flow systems

Oct 2012 page 26


Data Center Additions Adds CRAC units to scope of standard (Addendum Aq)

Adds efficiency requirements for computer rooms (Addendum Bu)

New requirements when using water and air side economizers

Data Center Exceptions Lists exceptions for economizers

Data Center modeling is not available in 90.1

Alternative to modeling is power usage effectiveness (PUE)

Oct 2012 page 27


Significant additions to come in future additions to the standard.

Controls for HVAC

Oct 2012 page 28

Standard Says Requires service water booster pumps to be controls by VFDs

Effect on Controls -Eliminates PRVs on domestic water

- Adds VFDs, sensors, control loops

- More points to monitor - More critical alarms

Oct 2012 page 29

Controls for HVAC Water side

Packaged racks of pumps with controls are common solution. Opportunity for integration to BAS for single source operation.

Standard Says

Isolation valves on systems with multiple chillers or boilers   Reduces bypass mixing inefficiencies   Improves coil efficiencies   Reduces pumping energy

Effect on C

ontrols

Isolation valves added to water loops  Need to interlock to equipment  Need safety to make sure equipment is not run with no flow  Need safety to pumps to make sure not deadheaded  Valve sizing more critical  Pressure independent valves less attractive

Oct 2012 Steven McCloskey page 30


Standard Says

Pump pressure optimization

Effect on C

ontrols

Variable speed pumping over 10hp Pressure sensors to maintain pressure at extreme locations Poll valves to adjust pressure setpoint such that 1 valve is near 100% open Requires a BAS system

Oct 2012 page 31


Effect on Controls

Hot water systems traditional resets

Oct 2012 page 32


Effect on Controls

Chiller systems look at zone or return loads

  Require BAS control   Tight constraints   Move slow

Temperature Control Reset above 300,000 BTU/h (C403.4.3.4)

Standard Says

Standard Says

IECC-2012 is more strict than 90.1 > 33,000 BTU/h (3 tons) (C403.3.1)

(90.1-2012 is > 54,000 BTU/h, 4.5 tons, 6.5.1)

Effect on Controls

May be needed for zone heat pumps – “bolt on strategy” Must be sized to match max design supply airflow Must be sequenced with the mechanical cooling, not mixed air Water coil economizers can be substituted

 Exceptions including heat recovery and cooling efficiency increase (See Table 6.3.2 on next slide)

Oct 2012 page 33

Controls for HVAC Air side

Standard Says

Economizers

Effect on Controls

 Exceptions including heat recovery and cooling efficiency increase (Table 6.3.2)

Oct 2012 page 34


Standard Says

Motorized and Low Leakage Dampers at outdoor barriers > 2 story buildings > 300cfm (6.4.3.4.2)

Effect on C

ontrols

Must operate with ventilation schedules Includes stairways and shafts (fail open) 4 cfm/ft2 at 1.0 in.wg

 Exception for 1 and 2 story buildings and less than 300 cfm

Oct 2012 page 35


Standard Says VAV required on more special applications:   Hospital applications  Labs Requires more heat recovery Removed blanket exception for labs and pressurization

Effects on Controls Significantly increases complexity of lab controls Requires VAV hoods Requires pressurization controls Requires VAV MUA units

Oct 2012 page 36


Many conditions and exceptions to requirements. Many details covered by other standards.

Standard Says

Supply Air Temperature Reset Multizone shall automatically raise the supply air temperature when the spaces served are not at peak loads

Effect on C

ontrols

Infers BAS that can monitor zone statuses as input to the setpoint control Goal is to decrease cooling load, reduce reheat, increase economizer usage Tight constraints - setpoints between 50 and 60F Suspended for dehumidify control

Oct 2012 page 37


Standard Says Demand Control Ventilation IECC more strict at 25 people per 1000 ft2 (90.1 above 40 people per 1000 ft2) Ventilation optimization required on Variable Volume systems Exemptions: Heat Recovery, no DDC, OAI<1,200 cfm

Oct 2012 page 38


CO 2 space

OA SA

RA EA

If DCV is chosen…

Oct 2012 page 39


CO 2

space

OA SA

RA EA

Single Zone AHU  Demand Control can be at AHU  Population count  Ventilation Reset  Formulas reset OAI cfm  CO2 can reset directly

If DCV is chosen… Example of single zone OA Intake reset based on CO2

Oct 2012 page 40


If DCV is chosen…

Oct 2012 page 41


Zone Level Demand Control  Population count  Box position reset  CO2 can be used with formulas

space

space

CO 2

CO 2

S A

If DCV is chosen…

Oct 2012 page 42


Multi Zone Mixed Air VAV  DCV at box  Population count all zones  Ventilation Optimization based on population count  Ventilation reset because of VAV fan speed   Formulas to take credit for some zones over-ventilated

If DCV is chosen…

Oct 2012 page 43


Dedicated Outdoor Air -Simple  Constant flow to all zones  2 position hi-lo ventilation for high occupancy zones

If DCV is chosen…

Oct 2012 page 44


Dedicated Outdoor Air -Advanced  Population count from all zones  Pressure independent boxes serving all zones

If terminal units are variable fan speed, then PI boxes are needed

Standard Says No simultaneous heating and cooling 20F max reheat above zone setpoint

Effect on Controls Reduce VAV minimums as low as possible

  SA Reset will help   DCV can reduce minimums in some spaces

  DDC boxes can control to 10:1 turndown compared to 5:1   Encourages separate htg source

Oct 2012 page 45


 Dual max DDC controls is new standard

Standard Says

Requires 2-stage ventilation for enclosed garages

Effect on C

ontrols

CO sensors and control panels 2-speed or VFD fans for 50% reduction

Suggestion: Adding to BAS for monitoring is cheap adder

Oct 2012 page 46


Oct 2012 page 47

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Lighting Changes

  Revised/Interior LPDs (efficiency, geometry)

  Exterior LPD requirements expansion

  Detailed daylighting control and skylight requirements

  Occupancy Sensor Control (more spaces, vacancy)

  Exterior Lighting Control (after-hours requirements)

  Parking Garage Lighting Control (daylighting & afterhours)

  Emergency (night light) shut-off and Stairwell control

  Control incentives for advanced controls

  Guest bathroom lighting control

 Receptacle shut-off control (50% auto-off)

  Functional Testing (Commissioning)

Lighting Controls

page 48

Requires 50% of receptacles (wall plugs) in a space to have automatic shutoff control.

 Applies to 125 volt (15-20 amp) receptacles in Private Offices, Open Offices and Computer Classrooms.

 Requires automatic control using  Time of Day Scheduling  Occupancy Sensor or,  Other automatic control based on occupancy

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Receptacle Shutoff (50% Auto-off)

Oct 2012

How Do We Get to Goal? Interoperability

Oct 2012 page 49 Steven McCloskey

RS485

BACnet MS/TP

page 50

How Do We Get to Goal? ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides

  Small Office Buildings   building with total floor area of 20,000 ft2

  Daylight harvesting with Interior Lighting Controls   Packaged rooftop or split system heat pumps serving each zone.   Ventilation provided by Dedicated Outside Air System (DOAS).   DOAS system with Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV)

 Medium Office Buildings   Three-story building with total floor area of 53,600 ft2   Daylight harvesting and occupancy based controls.   DOAS with Heat Recovery   Radiant Systems (Heating & Cooling)

Light Commercial Building Market Fastest growing building market segment Oct 2012

Synergies •  Heat Reclaim •  Coordinating lights with HVAC •  Plant equipment reset from zone

control •  Load Matching Systems

New Technologies •  Mixed-Mode Ventilation •  Automated Operable Windows •  Blind Controls •  Building Façades •  Load Matching Systems •  Renewable Energy

page 51

How Do We Get To Goal? Just Do It

Migrate to more energy efficient HVAC and Lighting tech

Designing for Part Load Efficiency

Oct 2012

Sources 1. US Dept of Energy Building

Energy Codes Program Website h

ttp://www.energycodes.gov/adoption/states

2. International Code Council http://www.iccsafe.org

3. Illinois Dept of Commerce http://www.ildceo.net/dceo/Bureaus/

Energy_Recycling/IECC.htm

IECC Seminars WILBUR WRIGHT COLLEGE Chicago, IL March 22, 2013

HARPER COLLEGE (WOJCIK CONF. ) Palatine, IL March 27, 2013

URBANA CIVIC CENTER Urbana, IL April 5, 2013

SOUTH SUBURBAN COLLEGE Oak Forest, IL April 9, 2013

WAUBONSEE COMMUNITY COLLEGE Sugar Grove, IL April 16, 2013

CHICAGO DEPT. OF BUILDINGS DePaul Center—Loop Campus May 15, 2013

To Register, Click on a Location!

References and More Information

Oct 2012 page 52

Best Practices

Oct 2012 page 53

3. Automate system reactions to leave operators to handle only exceptions or problems.

1. For every decision, ask “What is long term impact on energy.”

4. Use Energy Management Software for info – use Automation for control.

2. Embrace resetting strategies like population counting and setpoint optimizations

Thank you Questions

page 54 Oct 2012

Documents

Control Strategies Affected by Changes in IECC-2012 · 2013-03-14 · Learning Objectives Oct 2012 page 3 After attending the “Control Strategies Affected by Changes in IECC-2012"