CS61C - Lecture 13

The Beauty and Joy of Computing

Lecture #2 : Video Games

Instructor: Sean MorrisControl games with thought!The Emotiv Epoc sells for $300 and it comes with an app called EmoKey which allows you to think an action and the key will be clicked in the game or program, so you can control anything. (even powerpoint slides?) emotiv.com

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaAdministriviai>Clickers well be handing out in labRegister your iclickerwww.iclicker.com/support/registeryourclicker/Turn in your HW0 in tomorrowHW1 is turned in online (end of next week)Office Hours Change: 1:00 3:00 TuesdaysPiazza tipsPlease use Piazza for everythingChange your setting to daily digestSearch for your answer before posting!

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia$210 million$2.1 billion$21 billion$210 billion$2.1 trillion

How big is US video game market?

www.theesa.com/factsUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia(c) U.S. computer and video game software sales generated $24.75 billion in 2011.http://www.theesa.com/facts/index.asp----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 09:44) -----pet market 53 billiongun market 11 billionbike market 6 billion

HistoryInventors & GamesHowDesign2D & 3D graphicsMotion CaptureArtificial Intelligence (AI)Good, Bad, UglyGWAP, RSI, ViolenceFutureVideo Games : Overview

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaDocumentaries on Video GamesHistory: Video Games: Behind the Fun (2000)Available on NetflixPBS: The Video Game Revolution (2004)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyKb7NOpnvoDiscovery: History of Video Games (2006)http://hight3ch.com/history-of-video-games-46-mins/ON Networks : Play Value (2009)http://blip.tv/play-valueHistory of Video Games (WWW)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_games

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_based_on_video_games#Documentaries_on_video_games

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaFirst to gain recognitionOthers had games beforeConceived in 1961 by Martin Graetz, Stephen Russell, & Wayne WiitanenWritten for PDP-1 @ MITInspired lots, widely portedCan still play this!1 Working PDP-1 in CHM Java version availableThe Beginning : Spacewar!

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar!www.computerhistory.orgspacewar.oversigma.com

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaRalph BaerNolan BushnellThe Founding Fathers

blip.tv/play-value(also on iTunes in HD 720p)

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:01) -----Silicon ValleyRalph Baer: National Medal of TechnologyStory of Pong Arcade Game: Video Game Pizza Parlor - Santa ClaraThe Walt Disney of computing gamingChief Game designer at Nintendo1st elected to Hall of FameDesigned (among others):Donkey KongSuper Mario BrosThe Legend of ZeldaSuper Mario 64Nintendo DS, Wii

Shigeru Miyamotoblip.tv/play-value/shigeru-miyamoto-4824123www.time.com/time/asia/2006/heroes/bl_miyamoto.htmlen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:01) -----Artist: Shigeru Staff requirementsCan be done by one person, ala days of oldBigger teams also (< 10)Lots of new developersPhones great platformsiOS dominates fieldStudents are signing up!Time to completionOften only a few months!Design of a Casual Video Gamewww.apple.com/iphone/from-the-app-store/games.htmlblog.entertonement.com/2009/07/7-addicting-casual-gamesen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casual_game

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:04) -----Student's can jump in on this marketStaff requirementsCross-disciplinaryProducer, programmers, game, graphic & sound designers, musicians, testers, 100+ person teamsSimilar to filmOften, games->film, and film->gamesLucasfilm, etc. want to tie assets together

Design of a Core Video Gameen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamesUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:21) -----$10 million budgets --> make $50 million25%35%45%55%65%

% of Game Payers who are women

www.theesa.com/facts/gameplayer.aspUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia(d) 47% of players are womenhttp://www.theesa.com/facts/gameplayer.aspHow : 3D Computer GraphicsSimilar to making a 3D animated filmModel characters, environment in 3DAdd shading + lights + effects + behaviorLet 3D rendering engine (on graphics card) do the work of figuring out 2D scene from 3D LimitationsMany things are tooexpensive to do in30 frames per secondResearch breakthroughs!

www.nytimes.com/2009/07/08/arts/television/08fight.htmlen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Computer_graphicswww.siggraph.orgUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:35) -----In terms of rendering --> we are on the fly for 1/30th of a second as opposed to hours per frame to render movieActors in MoCap suitsMotions recorded, put in motion librariesE.g., running, throwing, passing, tacklingCan be edited/cleanedMotion synthesis alsoChallengesMotion blendingNon-sliding feetUC Berkeley Research!

How : Motion Captureen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_capturewww.phasespace.com

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:35) -----A. Generate Motion LibrariesB. ----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:40) -----A.Generate Motion LibrariesB. All about interpolation to make it look smoothRange of intelligenceLow: simple heuristicsHigh: Learns from playerDynamic difficultyMust hold interest Simple to learn, difficult to master is the holy grail of game design.Cheating AI (e.g.,racing)

How : Artificial Intelligencewww.businessweek.com/innovate/content/aug2008/id20080820_123140.htmen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_game_difficulty_balancingen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_artificial_intelligencequeue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=971593UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaEducationFlight simulations, combat, medical trainingClassroomGames w/a PurposeA game to do useful stuff, hard for computersLuis von Ahn gwapESP : Label images fastestPopvideo : label videoMatchin : Gender GuessingDuoLingo: Language

Video Games : Good (Serious Games)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_gamesen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_based_learninggwap.com

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia----- Meeting Notes (6/25/13 08:53) -----ESPLanguage TranlsatorEducation Gamers ThumbCaused with too much use of gamepadI suffered this in 1980s!Solutions?Break timers, restVideo game addictionImpulse control disorderStanford: yes, addictive!Gamers WifeOnline gamers anon

Video Games : Bad (RSI, addiction)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_addictionen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaViolent video gamesIncrease aggression, decrease helpingOthers found no linkHigh-profile incidentsColumbine kids loved the Doom video gameRatings helpGames folk devilBillions $, kids at stake

Video Games : Ugly (Violence)en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_controversywww.apa.org/science/psa/sb-anderson.htmlUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaMedia producers connecting assetsDisney, Lucas big playersControllers and sensors expandGames on DemandOnLiveBrain-Computer Interface (BCI)Invasive and Non-Education

Conclusion : Future of Video Gameswww.pbs.org/kcts/videogamerevolution/impact/future.htmlen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braincomputer_interfaceUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaGolden age of video arcadesPong, Space Invaders, Asteroids, Pac Man1st gen consoles (19721976)Magnavox OdysseyMainframe computersHunt the Wumpus, RogueHome computersType the program in! Floppies, Tapes. Zork, others.2nd gen consoles (19771984)Atari 2600, Intellivision, Colecovision, Activision

History of Video Games : 1970s

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_gameswww.thegameconsole.comUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaGenre innovationGaming computersApple II, Commodore 64, Atari 800Early online gamingMostly text only, MUDsHandheld LCD gamesVideo game crash of 1983Atari buried millions of ETs in dump3rd gen consoles (19851989)Nintendo Ent. System (NES)Super Mario Bros, Zelda, FF IGamepad introduced

History of Video Games : 1980s

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaDecline of arcadesHandhelds come of ageGameBoy, Sega Game GearMobile phone gamingFourth generation consoles (19901994)Sega Genesis, Super NESFifth generation consoles (19952000)Playstation, Nintendo 64 (with Super Mario 64)Transition to 3D, CDsCrash Bandicoot, Tomb Raider

History of Video Games : 1990s

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaMobile gamesiPhone (games apps)Sixth generation consoles (since 2001)PS2, Xbox, GameCubeReturn of alternate controllers (DDR, guitars)Online gaming rises to prominenceWoW, Ultima OnlineRise of casual PC gamesBejeweled, The SimsHistory of Video Games : 2000s

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaSeventh generation consoles (since 2005)PortablesNintendo DS, PSP, iPhoneConsolesPS3, Xbox 360, WiiIncreases in development budgetsMotion control revolutionizes playWii controller, iPhoneMicrosoft Kinect!

History of Video Games : 2005+

UC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaState-of-the-art systemBut SW determines success!(also, cool controllers helps)9 3.2GHz Cores (1PPE, 8SPE)Power Processing Elt (PPE)Supervises activities, allocates workSynergystic Processing Elt (SPE)Where work gets doneDuring testing, one locked outI.e., it didnt work; shut downeven if everything DID work! Example: Playstation 3 Hardware

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3www.us.playstation.comUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)GarciaUC Berkeley The Beauty and Joy of Computing : Video Games (#)Garcia