Control feed intake, obesity and measurement of body fat

Muhammad Khayeer Al-Farouq D11B040

Control feed intake

• The apparent ease with which we decide whether or not to eat an appetizing food testifies to the efficiency with which the central nervous system (CNS) processes information of surprising variety and complexity.

• In 1953, Mayer are proposed the glucastat theory, which suggested that the concentrations of glucose in the blood stream played a negative feedback role in feed intake.

Factors that regulate feed intakeShort Term Signals Short Term response

A. Sensory inputs : sight, smell, taste ,texture , memory

Size, duration , frequency of meals

B. Nutrient inputs : glucose, Fatty Acids Ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients amino acids

C. Gut signals : Chemoreceptor, Mechanoreceptors , Gut Hormones

Food- induced thermogenesis (the production of heat)

Factors that regulate feed intakeLong –Term signals Long-term responses

Circulating nutrients , hormones and metabolites

Hunger/ SatietyGlycogen, lipid energy storageThermogenesis , energy expenditure

Flow of body regulation

Obesity

• Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.

• Obesity is not natural, in fact it is extremely rare to find obese animals in the wild, Being overweight is a distinct disadvantage in terms of survival , It is also just as much of a disadvantage to domesticated cats and dogs.

Why Obesity is a problem

• Cardiac problems, due to strain on the heart and circulation

• Poor exercise tolerance and dyspnoea.• Increased risk of developing chest conditions

such as bronchitis• Additional stress on the limbs, joints and spine• Increased likelihood of arthritis, rheumatism

and back problems developing

How to tell the animals are Obess

• Sluggish demeanor• Excessive panting, especially in hot weather• Slow in walking.• Reluctance to exercise. • This compounds the problem, as fewer and

fewer calories are used up and, consequently, stored as fat.

Estimation of fat in body

• Direct methods include grinding the entire animal into a homogeneous mass and extract ing the fat from an aliquot.

• Indirect methods of body fat estimation include calculation of weight divided by a power function of length (the Lee Index).

• body fat can be estimated by measuring an animal's weight and volume and calculating the body density.

Reference

• www.denes.com• Mary Anne Della-Fera and Clifton A. Baile

Monsanto Company 3 and Washington University 3 , St. Louis, MO 63167

• WILLIAM T. DAHMS1 ANDALLAN R. GLASS2

Thank You….