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- 46 -
Group 2:Greenhouse Engineering (Modeling, Structure optimizing , etc.)
Group 1: Plant factory technologies(Environment control, artificial lighting, qualitycontrol, hydroponics, etc.)
Center for Protected Agriculture & Environmental Engineering (CPAEE)
Group 1: Plant factory Technologies
Group 2: Greenhouse Engineering
Group 3: Energy-saving Technologies
Group 4: Greenhouse Climate control
Institute of Environment and Sustain-able Development in Agriculture (IEDA)農業環境と可持続発展研究所(中国農業科学院のか研究所の一つ) 中日農業技術研究発展センター
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
CAAS, located in Beijing,was established in 1957 andis affiliated to the Ministry ofAgriculture of China. Atpresent, CAAS has 40research institutes, and 1graduate school. About 9400technical professionals andover 4000 graduate students(M.S. and Ph.D.) working orstudying in the CAAS.
1. Brief introduction of CPAEE in Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences(CAAS)
Contents
Facing challenges to plant factory
Ongoing research projects in China
Key technologies developed in China
Introduction of CAAS
Expansion functions of plant factory
Development of Plant Factory in China
Recent Situation of Plant Factory in China
Prof.& Dr. Qichang Yang
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (IEDA), CAAS
2014.07.07 [email protected]
- 47 -
The need for high-tech agricultural demonstrationOver 6000 Agricultural Sci.& Tech. Demonstration Parks in China, like Shouguang, Changchun, Nanjing etc. Often combined with exhibitions and tourings.
Vegetable Expo in Shouguang,Shandong.The number of visitors in 2014 is up to 2.2 million. Plant factory is one of
the main attractive points in the exhibition.
2.1 Why do we need to develop plant factory in China ?
Plant factory with artificial light Plant factory with solar light
Regional Distribution of Plant Factory in China (2014)
Changchun,Jilin,200m2
Shenyang,Liaoning,30000m2
Shenyang,Liaoning,3000m2
Langfang,Hebei,2000m2
Yangling,Shanxi,2000m2
Erdos,Inner Mongolia,4000m2
Shanghai,18000m2
Shanghai 1000m2
Zhuhai,Guangdong,40m2
Tai’an,Shandong,15000m2
Nanjing,Jiangsu,3000m2
Nanjing,Jiangsu,300m2
Shouguang,Shandong,200m2
Beijing,total of five,3269m2
Tianjin,total of four,11300m2
Shenzhen,Guangdong,4000m2
Qian'an Tangshan,3000m2
Chengdu,Sichuan,1500m2
Wuxi,Jiangsu,10000m2
Gaoqing,Shandong,616m2
Changxing,Zhejiang, 880 m2
Zhejiang University, 800 m2
Haerbin,Heilongjiang,100m2
Xian,Shangxi,200m2
Erdos,Inner Mongolia,100m2
Dongguan,Guangdong,100m2Fuzhou,Fujian,250m2
Zhengzhou,Henan,200m2
Shunde,Guangdong,1000m2
Shunde,Guangdong,40000m2
Suzhou,Jiangsu,500m2
Development of plant factory in China
Up to 2014, there are about 108 plant factories in China.
PF with artificial light:about 41 plant factories,which are distributed in 13 cities or provinces
PF with solar light:about 67 plant factories,which are distributed in 15 cities or provinces
2.Development of Plant Factoryin China
Plan of the National Agricultural Science & Technology Demonstration Park (CAAS)
New Crops Varieties Hall
Fruit Vegetable Cultivation Hall
Preface Hall(Plant factory model)
Leafy Vegetable Factory Hall
Fruit Vegetable Factory Hall
Urban Horticulture Hall
Green Innovations Hall
Plant factory with artificial light, 800m2
National Agricultural Science & Technology Demonstration Park in CAAS,
Beijing, 4.2 ha
Group 4: Greenhouse Climate control(Digital measurement, climate controlbased on Internet)
Group 3: Energy-saving Technologies( Energy-saving lighting (LED) and Renewable energy (heat pump, solar power) in protected horticulture)
AHS AHS+HP
- 48 -
4. Plant Factory in Chang Chun city, JininProvince, 2009
Built in September 2009, construction area of 200 m2, was composed of two parts: 1) vegetable factory; 2)seedling factory.
Lab of ry with LED lightPlant Factory Lab with LED light, 3nd experiment
system in China, 100m2, 2013, CAAS
3. Plant factory in CAAS, 2013
Plant Factory Lab with LED light, 2nd experiment system in China, 100m2, 2009, CAAS
2. Plant factory in CAAS, 2009Plant Factory Lab with artificial light, 1st experiment
system in China , 20m2, 2005, CAAS
1. Plant factory in CAAS, 2005
2.2 Development of plant factory with artificial light in China
--- In 2005, the first Laboratory of plant factory with artificial light was established in Beijing;
--- From 2006 to 2008, the key technologies of plant factory achieved breakthroughs;
--- In 2009, the first Laboratory of plant factory with LED light was established in Beijing;
--- In September 2009, the first commercialized plant factory with artificial light was established in Changchun city , Jinlin province;
--- In January 2010, the first family plant factory with artificial light was successfully developed in Shanghai city for Shanghai Expo 2010;
--- After 2010,the plant factory with artificial light was successively popularized and applied in Beijing, Nanjing ,Shandong ,Zhuhai and many cities;
--- In 2013, the large factories with LED light in China have been established in Beijing, Zhejiang and Shandong,etc.
The need for development of ubiquitous plant production in city (can be used in family, school, supermarkets, special places, etc)
Miniature plant factoryMiniature plant factory
The need for research (Uni., Inst., etc)
The plant factory established in Beijing AgriculturalMachinery Institute, total area of 1289m2, including plantfactories with artificial light and natural light, used forscientific research.
The need for high quality vegetable productionHigh-end consumer groups increasing quickly in
large cities (demands increasing for fresh, clean, pesticide-free vegetables)
.
Plant factory in Shunyi, Beijing
Plant factory in Shenyang, Liaoning province
- 49 -
Cultivation Systems in Plant FactoryBuilt in 2009, covers an area of 200m2, using LED light source, hydroponic cultivation system, computer management.
6. Plant Factory in Shouguang city, Shandong province, 2009
Cultivation system
FL + LED
Interior
5. Plant Factory in Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, 2011
Built in May 2011,construction area of 300 m2, used FL and LED as artificial light source.
Seedling factory with LED light,40m2
Vegetable factory with FL,160m2
Cultivation Systems in Plant Factory
- 50 -
--- In 1997,established two plant factories with solar light (the technology was introduced from Canada) in Beijing and Shenzhen;
--- In 1999,established a large plant factory,10000m2 ,with solar light in Beijing;--- In 2002, the first Laboratory of plant factory with solar light
was established in CAAS, Beijing ;
--- From 2003 to 2008 ,the key technologies were attacked;--- After 2008,the plant factory with solar light was successively
popularized and applied in Shenyang, Changchun, Tai-an, Langfang, Yangling,Beijing,etc.--- In 2013, the large factories with solar light in China have
been established in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Shandong,etc.
2.3 Development of plant factory with solar light in China
9. Plant factory used in spaceship developed by Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Inside view of the plant factory8. Plant Factory in Zhejiang University, 2013
Bird eye view of the plant factory, 1600 m2
(include PF with artificial light 880 m2)
Movable cultivation beds with LED light
Application of Solar Power System in plant factoryPlane layout of plant factoryConstruction area of 1289 m2, divided into four major
areas: tissue culture zone, seedling area, cultivation
area and packaging storage area.
植物工厂平面示意图
7. Plant Factory in Tongzhou District, Beijing, 2010
Plant factory in Shouguang used for exhibition
- 51 -
Built In November 2009,the area is 4838.4m2 ,glass greenhouse, hydroponic cultivation system for leaf vegetable production.
5.Plant Factory with solar light in Taian city, Shandong provinceMulti-layer fruit vegetable cultivation
Pepper Tomato
Built in October 2009. the area is 45,000m2,vegetable production area 23040m2 and supporting facilities 10,000m2,including breeding, processing, packaging, refrigeration etc.
4.Plant Factory with solar light in Shenyang city, Liaoning provinceBuilt in 1999, covers an area of 10,000m2, greenhouse
environment control + hydroponics, supply celery and lettuce to high-end market, supermarket and touring.
3.Plant Factory in Jinxiudadi Company ,Beijing
Using hydroponic system
2. Plant Factory with solar light in Shunyi,BeijingBuilt in 1997,4000m2,Greenhouse + Hydroponic
system, Lettuce, for high-end market, supermarket, Macdonald,etc.
Online nutrient solution monitoring and computer control system
Multi-Function Technique(MFT) system made for Plant factory with solar light
Tomato with MFT Lettuce with MFT
1. Lab of plant factory with solar lightPlant Factory Lab with solar light was established in
CAAS, 300m2, in 2002, 1st experiment system for the research of plant factory with solar light in China.
- 52 -
TreatmentsA:CK;B:F-LED30;C:M-LED30;D:M-LED10;E:F-LED10
Structure design
3.2 Energy saving for light by using movable LED system
Treatment Photosynthesis rate(μmol g m-2g s-1)
Transpiration rate(mol g m-2g s-1)
Stomatalconductance
(mol g m-2g s-1)
Intercellular CO2concentration
(μmol g mol-1)
LEDA1 7.63bc 2.11cd 0.078d 247.8d
LEDA2 7.88b 3.863a 0.165b 332.8a
LEDA3 7.30c 2.42bc 0.098d 294.8b
LEDB1 7.57bc 1.88d 0.053e 275.9c
LEDB2 8.44a 3.62a 0.188a 270.2c
LEDB3 6.45d 2.58b 0.137c 295.2b
CK 5.70e 2.52b 0.086d 306.8b
Photosynthetic characteristics of lettuce in different treatments
(Wenjing etc,2007)
Treatmentphotosynthetic photon flux density(RED)(μmol ·m-2·s-1)
photosynthetic photon flux density(Blue)(μmol ·m-2·s-1)
Total photosynthetic photon flux density(∑PPFD)(μmol
·m-2·s-1)
photosynthetic photon flux density
ratio(R/B)
LEDA1 132 22 154 6/1LEDA2 136 17 153 8/1LEDA3 140 14 154 10/1LEDB1 131 23 154 6/1LEDB2 136 17 153 8/1LEDB3 139 14 153 10/1
Light Quality Treatments
Parameter
LEDWave
Length(nm)
number of beads
(PCS/cm2)
photosynthetic photon flux density(μmol ·m-2· s-1)
Power conversion efficiency(%)
Light emitting
surface size(cm)
Weight(kg)
LEDARED 660 1.82 288 6.7
L54 h W28 15BLUE 450 0.20 29 13
LEDBRED 637 0.14 256 28
L54 h W28 10BLUE 460 0.11 42 18
Parameters of Light source for Vegetable Cultivation
Controllable LED on light Parameters (light quality, light intensity and light period) has
been developed in China
10 days
30 days 20 days
3.1 Parameter Optimization of LED Light for Vegetable Cultivation
Key technologies
In plant Factory
Digital Measurement and Control
LED Light Source
3DSoilless
Cultivation
Quality Control
Internet of Things(IOT)
Researches on the key technologies in plant factory with artificial light
3. Key technologies developed in China
- 53 -
Reducing nitrate concentration with pre-harvest short-term continuous lighting
Nitrate content
Soluble sugar
Ascorbic acid
Problem with high nitrate level in vegetables
(Cassens, 1997)
Cancers and diseases High nitrate
Hemoglobin methemoglobin(carries oxygen) (stop carrying oxygen)
Nitrate
3.5 Quality control of vegetables
Nitrate Nitrate
75~80% 20~25%
3.4 Energy-saving using Solar energy power and LED in Plant factory
battery
Solar cell components
15
y = 0.04x + 0.21R² = 0.67
y = 0.04x + 0.37R² = 0.63
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
PFAL with AEPFAL without AE
y = 0.03x + 0.26R² = 0.68
y = 0.03x + 0.44R² = 0.62
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Elec
tric-
ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
durin
g ph
otop
erio
d (k
Wh)
Elec
tric-
ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
durin
g da
rk p
erio
d (k
Wh)
T (℃)
Hourly electric-energy consumption as
affected by outdoor air temperature(T)
Stages Ti ηE
Photoperiod 25℃ 24.6-63.0%
Dark period 15℃ 2.3-33.6%
Note: Ti - indoor temperature; ηE-electric-energy saving effect.
11
y=-0.94x + 15R² = 0.98
y=-0.18x + 8.4R² = 0.68
6
8
10
12
14
16
-1 0 1 2 3 4
Elec
tric-e
nerg
y us
e effi
cienc
y
T(℃)
ACAE
Indoor air temperature: 25℃
EUE AE AC
Highest 15.5 8.8
Average 14.2 8.2
Note: EUE-electric-energy use efficiency;
COP of air exchanger (AE) affected by outdoor air temperature is much higher than air
conditioner (AC)
3.3 Energy saving for cooling by introducing outside cold air
Outside cold air
Hot air
Plant factory
Outside cold air was introduced for cooling coordinated with air conditioner
TreatmentElectricity consumptionz
(kWh·m-2)
Plant yieldsy
(g·m-2)
LUEsx
(g·kWh-1)
M-LED10 61.2 625.9 f 9.23aw 10.2 f 0.15a
F-LED10 60.5 620.1 f 35.76a 10.2 f 0.59a
M-LED30 74.1 629.8 f 13.17a 8.5 f 0.18b
F-LED30 72 621.9 f 6.37a 8.6 f 0.09b
FL 105 438.7 f 15.76b 4.2 f 0.15c
Electricity consumption of lighting, plant yield and light use efficiencies (LUEs) of lighting (movable LED,
fixed-LED and FL )
- 54 -
3.8 Digital measurement and control
Control system
Simulations
ModelData Acquisition System
Dynamic DatabaseDynamic DatabaseDynamic DatabaseDynamic DatabaseDynamic DatabaseDynamic DatabaseDynamic Databasecompare
27 Oct26 Oct 28 Oct 29 Oct 30 Oct 1 Nov 2 Nov
3 NovALLALLALL
Stress Detector # 17# 17 on Duty!Sh a n yRa y Tech n o l o g ies Lt d .
Number of days analyzed: 7Number of alarms: 4
DANGER!DANGER!
My Computer
LPS #14 LPS #17 LPS #26 LPS #99
Alarm Diary
9:00-12:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa
12:00-15:00 Leaf T > 34 C Air VPD > 4 kPa
15:00-16:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa Test # 1 negative
SSRR
Measured values
Control device of nutrient solution circulation system
Nutrient solution control system Disinfection device
Control system
3.7 Nutrient Solution Management and control system
Nutrient solution management system
The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of all phytotoxic substances decreased gradually
during time change
(Qiu et el, 2013)
Time course of Concentration of TOC changes
3.6 Photocatalytic Degradation of Phytotoxic Substances in Waste Nutrient Solution by Nano-TiO2Nutrient Solution by Nano-TiO2
Reducing nitrate concentration by enriching selenium content in nutrient solution
Enrichment of selenite significantly decreasedNO3
- content in roots and leaves.
a
b
cd de e
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
roots
NO
3-conte
nt(
mg/
kg F
W) a
b
cd
e e
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
leave
s NO3-conte
nt(
mg/k
g FW)
CK 0.05 0.1 0.5 1 5 CK 0.05 0.1 0.5 1 5
(Lei et el, 2014)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4
Nitrate contentNitrate (mgkg-1)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4
Soluble sugarSoluble sugar (mg g-1)
R/B ratio during pre-harvest continuous lighting treatment
Treatments R/B ratioPhoton flux density of red and
blue component (μmol·m-2·s-1)Red Blue
LED1 2 100 50LED2 4 120 30LED3 8 133 17LED4 -- 150 0
(Zhou et el, 2013)
- 55 -
4.4 Plant Factory for Special purposeForage plant factory, planting corn seedlings or wheat straw
seedlings, output at least one ton of forage annual per square meter. Can be used in the overwintering of cattle and sheep in cold regions.
4.3 Mini Plant Factory Products
E-Garden
Angel-Garden
4.2 Plant Factory for Family
Automatic LED Temperature
control Nutrient,CO2,Light remote
Monitor Air Replacement Automatically
prompt function
4.1Low-carbon, intelligent, Plant Factory for Family,Shanghai Expo 2010
4. Expansion Functions of Plant Factory in China
Remote monitoring & control based on the Internet of Things(IOT) by using mobile phone, notebook computer through network transmission system.
Remote Monitoring Technology
Real time detecting the temperature, humidity, light, nutrient solution ( EC, pH, DO, liquid temperature ) of plant factory based on PLC intelligent monitoring.
Digital Measurement & Control
Computer Control System of Plant Factory
Development of Smart Plant Factory System for High Value-Added Natural Products Chu Won Nho Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Natural Products Research Institute Head of Center for Natural Products Convergence Research 679 Saimdang-Ro, Gangneung, KOREA. E-mail: [email protected]
A plant factory is one of indoor farming system for growing plants all year rounds to achieve constant products. The growth of plants can be affected by severeal environmental factors including light, temperature, moisture, nutrient, and carbon dioxide. Recently, a plant factory system is evolutionized for mass production of high value-added plants rather than commercial vegetables for making economic profits. Furthermoere, it is necessary for standardizing process of the plants grown in plant factory to produce ingredients of nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals using the high value-added plants, which meet the requirements of approval as a functional ingredient by KFDA.
The lecture introduces a KIST Plant Factory System for high value-added natural products, which consisted of optimizing cultivation maintaining constant amount or even increased of active compound, and a standardizing process of plant extracts as industrial ingredients for nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals. This new platform of plant factory system includes various convergent technologies such as ICT monitoring system, robotics, agricultural biotechnology, standardization of natural products, and biological testing methods.
Fig. KIST Smart Plant Factory System for high value-added natural products (plants)
- 56 -
Thanks for your attention
Dr. Lingling Wei
Dr. Ruifeng Cheng
Weiii
Dr. Yi Zhang
Dr. Yuxin Tong
Dr. Wenke Liu
Kun Li
Hui Fang
Zhonghua Bian Min Xin
Ye Tian
Dr. Bo Lei
Jun Wang
Dr. Qichang Yang
Perspectives of plant factory in China
Priority developed areas: Agri.sci.& tech.park,
big city,like Beijing,Shanghai.
Utilization of special areas: family, building,
supermarket, school, restaurant (Ubiquitous plant
factory).
Vertical farming( Ongoing project in CAAS)
Facing Challenges of plant factory
High initial cost(construction & equipments)
High energy consumption( light, air conditioning)
Limited plant species(most of the plants is lettuce)
Benefit (lower competition comparing with other
vegetable production system, e.g. greenhouse
and field)
6. Facing Challenges of plant factory
4
Nutrient solution management andvegetable quality controltechnology research in plantFactory
Northwest A&F University , CAAS
5
Key technologies research ofintelligent system control based onthe network management in plantfactory
The National Engineering ResearchCenter for Information Technology inAgriculture,
6Integrated demonstration of solarlight plant factory Dushi Green Engineering Company,
Shanghai, Tongji Uni., SAAS
7Integrated demonstrationtechnology of artificial light plantfactory Zhejiang University , CAAS
Research projects of Plant Factory in China
1Energy-saving LED light source andlight environment intelligent controlin plant factory
Institute of Environment andSustainable Development inAgriculture, CAAS; IEDA Ltd
2Research on key technology andequipment of multilayer cultivationsystem in plant factory
Beijing Agriculture MachineryInstitute, China Agri. Uni.
3Energy-saving environmental controltechnology based on light andtemperature coupling in plant Factory
Tech. Top photoelectric technologycompany,Nanjing agricultural university
Research on intelligent plant factory production technology, national high sci.& tech. project (2013-2017; 46,000,000 ¥RMB) ,orgenized by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 15 Uni.,Insti.,and Companies joined the project.Chief scientist: Qichang Yang (CAAS)
5.Ongoing research projects in China
Development of Smart Plant Factory System for High Value-Added Natural Products Chu Won Nho Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Natural Products Research Institute Head of Center for Natural Products Convergence Research 679 Saimdang-Ro, Gangneung, KOREA. E-mail: [email protected]
A plant factory is one of indoor farming system for growing plants all year rounds to achieve constant products. The growth of plants can be affected by severeal environmental factors including light, temperature, moisture, nutrient, and carbon dioxide. Recently, a plant factory system is evolutionized for mass production of high value-added plants rather than commercial vegetables for making economic profits. Furthermoere, it is necessary for standardizing process of the plants grown in plant factory to produce ingredients of nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals using the high value-added plants, which meet the requirements of approval as a functional ingredient by KFDA.
The lecture introduces a KIST Plant Factory System for high value-added natural products, which consisted of optimizing cultivation maintaining constant amount or even increased of active compound, and a standardizing process of plant extracts as industrial ingredients for nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals. This new platform of plant factory system includes various convergent technologies such as ICT monitoring system, robotics, agricultural biotechnology, standardization of natural products, and biological testing methods.
Fig. KIST Smart Plant Factory System for high value-added natural products (plants)
- 57 -
- 58 -
� Development of vertical farming system for vegetable production- Tray moving system
- Auto-transplanting system
- Harvesting robot system
Rural Development Administration (RDA)
PharmaceuticalsGreen Vaccine
Functional Foods
Cosme-ceuticals
Dietary Supplement
Short-term (~3 yr.) Mid-term (~5 yr.) Long-term (~8 yr.)
High value-added
Plant extracts, Essential oils
Food additives,Food preservatives
Approval of health claims by KFDA
Approval of pharmaceutical effects and safety by KFDA
Pre-clinical, clinical study needed
Identification of Bioactive Substances
Natural ProductsValidation of Bioactivity In vivo
Processing of Functional Materials
Screening of BioactivityMolecular Mechanism
• Commercialization of functional materials
• Publication on TOP journals from functional study
Administration Team
Center for Natural Products Convergence Research
BiomodulationTeam
Aging Intervention
Research Team
Natural Skinomics
Team
KIST GangneungNatural Products Research Institute
Director General
Small Enterprise Support Center
2. Plant Factory Tech in Korea2
3. KIST Open Research Program (ORP)3
4. High Value-added Type Plant Factory4
5. Expected Outcome 5
1. Natural Products Research
November 7, 2014Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Natural Products Research InstituteChu Won Nho
- 59 -
• Cultivation of functional plant• Maximizing of bioactive substance• Development of LED module • Development of monitoring system • Convenient & automated plant factory
Development of
Smart Plant Factory System
• Standardization of bioactive substances
• In vitro/in vivo bioactivity tests• Molecular farming• Chemical profiling • Extraction and processing
Production of Standardized High Value-added Natural Products
Commercialization of Natural Products Produced from
Plant Factory
• Functional Foods• Dietary Supplements• Pharmaceuticals• Cosmeceuticals
Platform for producing high
value-added natural products
Functional plant
Commerciali-zation
Project Director (KIST)Advisory Committee
RDA, Gauzen
Production of standardized high value-added natural products
Development of system for green vaccine
production
Development of smart plant factory system
Cooperative Project I
(KIST)
Cooperative Project III
(RIST)
Cooperative Project II
(SNU)
KIST SMART u-FARM
KISTKRIBBHanyang U.
Pulmuone Inc.Dongrim Food Inc.
Royal Nature Inc.Insung Tech Inc.
GSIF
Seoul National U.Chungnam National U.Chungbuk National U.KANC
RISTBioab Inc.
Principal Investigator
Korea Institute of Science and Technology (6 centers involved)
2 Government-funded research institutes4 Universities7 Industries
2014.7.1~2017.6.30 (3 years)2.5 billion dollars/yr (total 7.5 billion dollars)
Development of a platform producing high value-added natural products for commercialization
based on smart plant factory system
Research fund & period
Institutes involved
Overcoming limits of productionin fields
Rate-limiting Step
Industry
Plant cultivating system
Monitoring system
Environmental control system
Light system
Korea US Japan Europe PCT
5 8
21 23 2632 35
2332
40 39 38
51 53 56
39
6773 75 73
108
145142
158
54
9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014
years
Num
ber of Patents
44
9
Patents unopened� Development of vertical plant factory system- Operation and management of plant factory using LED - Development of total environmental control SW platform
- Decrease of heavy metal & nitrate in vegetables- Production of ginseng in plant factory- Breeding vegetable cultivars optimized in plant factory- Development of optimum medium composition for hydroponic culture of
vegetables
� Development of cultivation and production technology for high-quality and high-value crop products
The development of plant factory in Taiwan Yi-Chueh Lin* Industrial Technology Research Institute Senior Researcher of Commercialization and Industry Service Center Rm 605, 106, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Taipei, 10622, Taiwan, R.O.C. E-mail: [email protected]
The development of plant factory in Taiwan is based on hericulture. More and more plant facotry players are from IT industury. The plant factory in Taiwan is defined to sunlight type, both of artificial and Sunlight (green house), and artificial light. The sunlight type and both of artificial and sunlight type are most used to plant the flowers. Orchid is most important plant which growth in green house in Taiwan and takes 170 million USD in trade. The artificial light type of plant factory is in the initial stage. Many players in artificial light plant factory are the new bussiness part in the listed companies which are the IT technical ones. The research about the plant factory from the institute is focused on the material of gren house and the enviroment controller system. We call it as “the subtropical smart greenhouse engineering expert system” and the initial target of this system is for subtropical greenhouse. Cooling down and save the energy are the main task in this system. Hence, the technologies of the plant factory are diversity and some of them are going to comercialize in Taiwan.
- 60 -
Planning Team for ORP Project (KIST NPRI)
• Dr. Jeong-Ik Sohn (SNU)• Dr. Jong-Seok Park (CNU)• Dr. Jaeheon Kim (KIST)• Dr. Kihoon Kim (KIST)• Dr. Taek Sung Lee (KIST)
Director GeneralDr. Sang-Rok Oh
Senior ResearcherDr. Hyung-Seok Kim
Senior ResearcherDr. Sangmin Kim
Collaborators
Monitoring Tech
High Value-Added Bio Industry
Environment Integrated
Control
LED Tech
Robot Automated
Tech
HighValue-added
Seed Industry
High Effect, Low Cost
Plant FactoryEquipment
Industry
Smart U-FARM will be operated by circulation of companies for production of high value-added natural products
New functional
plant
Bulk Production System based on plant factory
ICT Smart Management System
Standardization & Processing of
Natural ProductsValue Propositions
Enhancing Profitability of Industry
ImprovingEmployment
of ICT+BT
Key Resources
Cost Structure
Customer Segment
C t SSt t
Government, Industry funding
Return Values
Facilitating Global Market
Approach
Crepidiastrumdenticulatum
Plant Factory for Standardized
Cultivation
Standardizing Process of
Functional Material
Dietary supplement for enhancing liver
function
Light Temp.Humidity
Nutrient Standardization
Extraction Efficacy
LED 24~27C60-70%
Medium
Optimization of plant growth and increase of chicoric acid
Optimized C. denticulatum
Safety Test, Clinical
Test
tion o
Chicoricacid
70% EtOH95 C
In vivo Efficacy
• ICT Monitoring System(Sensor, Imaging, Controller)
• Cultivation System Based On Robotics
(Convenience on Management)
KFDA
Cosmeceuticalsfor anti-aging of
skin
Classification Biological activitiesFamily : LiliaceaeBotanical name
- Youngia denticulata
- Crepidiastrum denticulatum
Anti-inflammation
Chemoprevention
Hepatoprotection
Anti-oxidation
• Inside KIST NPRI• Floor space 479.3 m2
• 3 test beds, 2 res labs, meeting room, office etc.
• Incubation of small companies for commercializing own promising natural products
• Green house on the rooftop for molecular farming research
On-Site Test Bed Systemfor production of
standardized high value-added natural products
The development of plant factory in Taiwan Yi-Chueh Lin* Industrial Technology Research Institute Senior Researcher of Commercialization and Industry Service Center Rm 605, 106, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Taipei, 10622, Taiwan, R.O.C. E-mail: [email protected]
The development of plant factory in Taiwan is based on hericulture. More and more plant facotry players are from IT industury. The plant factory in Taiwan is defined to sunlight type, both of artificial and Sunlight (green house), and artificial light. The sunlight type and both of artificial and sunlight type are most used to plant the flowers. Orchid is most important plant which growth in green house in Taiwan and takes 170 million USD in trade. The artificial light type of plant factory is in the initial stage. Many players in artificial light plant factory are the new bussiness part in the listed companies which are the IT technical ones. The research about the plant factory from the institute is focused on the material of gren house and the enviroment controller system. We call it as “the subtropical smart greenhouse engineering expert system” and the initial target of this system is for subtropical greenhouse. Cooling down and save the energy are the main task in this system. Hence, the technologies of the plant factory are diversity and some of them are going to comercialize in Taiwan.
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TPFIDA版權所有 不得轉載
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Dr.Egon Janssen荷蘭TNO
古賀充基 董事長太平總研株式會社
中国科学院佟峰 副总经理 現場報到桌實況
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主席致詞-工研院材化所
日本-玉川大學-渡邊博之 教授 演講
屏東科技大學-陳光堯 教授 演講
工研院-產服中心林意雀 博士 演講
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6Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
TPFIDA MembersCompany names
Plant factory set up planning and consulting and material equipment
台灣日輕、旺永水栽培、振宇農業、賽門科技、中國砂輪、晶元光電、太平洋建設、連展科技、神達電腦股份有限公司、德能科研股份有限公司、大同股份有限公司
LED relations 中華映管、詮興開發、佰鴻工業
Research institute 工研院材化所、工研院量測中心、工研院綠能所、工研院機械所、工研院技轉中心、工研院雲端中心、工研院生醫所、工研院資通所、工研院產服中心、金屬中心、台大農學院、屏科大工學院
Materials, machineequipment and others
元璋玻璃、台達電子、光電協進會、崇越科技、台灣神商、藍海、金頓科技、台灣鑫兆、台灣雅聞、先端農業科技
Environment control 嘉祿工業、沛承節能科技有限公司
Media materials 台灣肥料、綠生生物科技
Automatics 研華、廣運機械、三橋科技
Check equipment 帆宣科技、澳登堡、町洋企業
personal 陳吉宗、陳禮銘、陳文彬、郭咸侊、黃棟樑、陳塗金、金文中、鄭金龍、謝志均、顏永泰、蔡政勳、曾科迪、李建忠、徐秀美、楊雅斐、余宗勳、陳啟彰
Total:46 group members、17personalUpdate:103/04/11
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Taiwan Plant Factory Industry Development Association
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
Type of Plant factorySunlight utilized
Lighting support(high pressure sodium light) glass
Fans
Air conditionHydroponic facilities (single)
Air shower
Air shower
Air condition
Hydroponic facilities (multilayer)
Two type of plant factory. Up is sunlight utilized type (green house), down is artificial light type.
Artificial light
Controlled
cultivation
(green house)
Factory size
Unit size
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
Definition of Plant factory in Taiwan
Sunlight green house (seasonal) Sunlight and artificial light Plant factory(year-around)
Artificial light plant factory(year-around)
Plant factory is the place that can be controlled for cultivation and allow year-around of production of plants by planning.
Production of plant should be: ・ The growth environment could be controlled・ Decrease the stress of plant growth
ex: lighting controlling, the temperature controlling, the special nutrients and so on. These facilities are called “Plant Factory”
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
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The development of plant factory in Taiwan
Yi-Chueh Lin
Commercialization and Industry Service Center
Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
2014/11/07
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Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
The system of subtropical smart greenhouse leads the development of greenhouse engineering industry
Temperature controller
transportation logisticsMarketing information
Information timely Plant growth of Investigate
Lighting support
Smart greenhouse expert system
Sensor of plant physiological
Micro climate investigateinvestigate
Water solution/irrigationsystem
Planting media
Vision of 『Smart Greenhouse engineering technology
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The research of pant factory in ITRISmart Greenhouse engineering
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Royal Base Corporation
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Main product: Phalaenopsis (2008-2012 Hortifair)New business from Inventec owner’s investment
1. Harvest all the year2. Stable ship weekly3. High Quality4. Delivery on time5. 1.4 M set in 2014
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NICE GREEN KITCHEN
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Plant Factory Area
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TPFIDA版權所有 不得轉載
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Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
High throughput strawberry system
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Main advantage:• Higher output (3x outputs than normal)• Better sunlight utilization• Easily maintain• Low cost (cheaper materials, less power usage)
Core technology:• Cooling tube embedded planting container • A-shaped support bracket• Self-watering system
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院 23
Saving energy technology-micro climate technology
Saving 60% electric power
Using the CFD function simulates the greenhouse micro climate
Micro-climate Layer air condition
冷空氣
Hot air
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院 22
Saving energy technology-Thermal barrier
NIR glass (inflection):Transmittance 75% ,IR rejection=78% 。
NIR阻隔膜(absorb):Transmittance 80% ,IR rejection=69%。
* Over 20 patents about the material and structure
Comparing with Sekisui and PEP NIR, the products of ITRI could lower temperature to 7-8℃
ITRI NIR 阻隔膜(20120815定植~20120901)
葉面積較大且無葉燒狀況
PEP NIR 阻隔膜(20120815定植~20120901) 葉面積較小且有葉燒狀況
(1)(2)
(3)
(4)(5)
Tvis(%) Rir(%) Tvis+Rir(1)PEP-HR 87 15 102(2)Sekisui 83 26 109(3)AGC- IRC78 75 49 124(4)ITRI+NIR cut PE 80 69 149(5)ITRI-NIR cut Glass 75 78 153
AGC GRAGC ClearPE FilmPEP-HRAGC IRC85 AGC IRC78Sekisui NIR reflection filmITRI-NIR cut PEITRI-NIR cut PETITRI-NIR cut glass
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院 21
Sterilization technology-Nano bubble Ozone water
Verify the form of nano bubble with steam
Verify the nano bubble forming, using (3x3=9hole) 80μm hole, investigate DLS in 120℃ steam and form <100nm bubble.
Equipment of nano bubble form
Module design
ITRI O3 microbubble water is effective to the strawberry anthrax The sterilization is good with the concentration of O3
Type2→Type3Narrow reaction zone 35mm →31mm(D)
Concentration of Ozone 430mg/hr →534mg/hr
,
2012.09.06 the experiment of sterilization in Agriculture research and extention station
ITRI Micro -O3 bubble 裝置
草莓炭疽菌液
(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) 0 50 100 150 200 250 3000.0
5.0x10 3
1.0x10 4
1.5x10 4
2.0x10 4
2.5x10 4
Time(s)
C.KOzone Reactor1Ozone Reactor2
對照組
EUV -O3 reactor Type 3
(x10 4)2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Cfu
/mL
71%
84%
EUV -O3 reactor Type 2
殺菌實驗
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
air humidity
- PAR
- plant temperature
- EC- pH
- water dosage
CO2/ H2O
Monitor of Plant physiology and environment
Analysis of functional elements
Mist culture
Light quality and stress technology
- air temperature- air humidity
- PAR
- plant temperature
- EC- pH
- water dosage
CO2/ H2OSeeding breeding technology
Control technology of the growth of Medical herbSet up the seeding breeding technology, the plant mist culture technology and the analysis of the functional element. By planting the Salvia, improve the control technology of plant growth and supply the advance greenhouse module of the mist root culture and expert system, These are the core technologies for the whole factory planning.
20Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
Subtropical smart greenhouse engineering expert system
Using the advanced monitor technology (ex: plant physiology) and the plant expert system and greenhouse saving energy designed find the optimum growth technology control to increase the volume, quality, and value of plants.
Monitor & control
1. Gases
monitor & optimize
2. Light
(N, P, K, Mg… )
4. Water & Nutrients
Cooling & heating
3.Temperature
Expert system
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Gap of the smart greenhouse technology
Not Enough
Crops Suitable Growth EnvironmentTemperature
Light Intensity/ QualityWater, Nutrients, Atmosphere
Too Much
Frigid/ Temperate ZoneEU, North American, Japan, Korea, China
• Transparent Covering Materials• Heating System• Sustainable energy
Subtropical/ Tropical ZoneTaiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia
• Thermal/ Shading Screen• Roof Vents/ Exhaust Fans• Evaporative cooling pads
Experiences in Developed Countries X Subtropical/Tropical Zone
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
Needs and problem in the development of subtropical greenhouse
The problem of the subtropical greenhouse has not solute
The general plant grown between0℃~40℃, but the optimum growth range is 15-25℃
Source:
Subtropical
Latitude 23.5~40
Temperate and/or frigid zone: barrier under 15℃; Netherland, Japan: keep temperature, heating and filling light
Subtropical/tropical zone: Barrier over 25℃; Taiwan: Air condition, ventilation, Lower the temperature
Temperate and/or frigid zone Greenhouse has developed over 60years
1.The subtropical greenhouse technology is immature.
2.The environment controlling is not good enough defacing the Pests and disease, the pesticide is necessary.
3.The high cost of greenhouse system4.Too hot to grow around the year, especially in
summer
Latitude 23.5~40
Temperate and/or frigid zone
Needs of Taiwanese greenhouseindustry development
Taiwan is here !
1.Set up the ICT system to save energy, water and pest controlling with the integrate greenhouse technology
2.Develop the greenhouse technology to plant the high value or functional plants
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Combine the innovate industrial technologies and the agriculture knowledge
Social benefit→Stable price-healthy and fresh agricultural products
Industry benefitDemonstration: the innovation technological verify platformAgricultural module/system industrial cluster
Outlook
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院 27
ITRI demonstration greenhousepurpose: verify the technology and show the research results
Middle campus showroom greenhouseChung-shin campus Demonstration greenhouse 2012/07/16 start
Initial of 2014 greenhouse enableOct 2014 completion
2012/11/14 startFeb 2013 completion
Exterior Inside
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院 26
Promote the international cooperation Considerate the development of Taiwanese greenhouse engineering industry,
we cooperate with the advanced countries (ex: Netherland and Japan)
International cooperation planning
Strategy
-Import the advanced technologies with the cooperation and improve the develop the domestic industry
-create the new market with cooperation
Strategy alliance
TATPlant
environment engineering
University of Chiba
Greenhouse technology
ITRI
ITRI
High quality cultureLED
Taiwan plant factory
association
Japan plant factory
association
Information/distribution/ membership
ITRI
Subtropical greenhouse technology
NetherlandWageningen UR
Lower temperatureITRI
Plant factory/greenhouse
saving energy
ITRIDesert greenhouse (KISR)
Solar cell windowGreenhouse consulting
Osakafu-universityMicro-NIR ITRI Sweetness test of
strawberry
COA project
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
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ITRI
• Seed• Culture technology• Module verification
Agriculture instituteAgriculture institute(TARI) academic
• Plant physiology• Plant databank• Analysis of function elements• Media system
International cooperation
• Greenhouse technology• Monitor technology and
environment management• Market information• Filed test• Standard set
Taiwan plant factory industrial development
association(TPFIDA)
Marketing
Strategy in the greenhouse engineering research
Greenhouse engineering industrymodule, system, service
Set the technological develop and industry promote committee
Initial market target : subtropical greenhouse
• Develop the differential module and integrate system
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Circadian clocks in plants
Alex WEBB University of Cambridge Chair of Cell Signalling Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA UNITED KINGDOM. E-mail: [email protected]
The rotation of the Earth causes daily cycles of light and dark and heat and cold. The intensity and duration of these cycles differ depending on latitude and the season. The plants we use as crops have often been selected from different regions of the Earth and are adapted to particular day lengths and temperature regimes. The biological adaptation to these 24 hour cycles of light and dark and warm and cold is the circadian clock. The internal circadian clock is a 24 hour timing device comprised of self-regulating loops of genes. In recent years it has been discovered that the circadian clock controls plant growth and development, flowering, responses to environmental stress and pathogens. Optimal growth in environmentally controlled growth rooms requires an understanding of the circadian system to ensure that the timing of light and temperature cycles is optimum for yield and quality. A detailed understanding of the circadian system might in the future provide opportunities to develop new plant varieties that are more suited to growth room conditions, and specifically are optimised to reduce energy inputs.
In this lecture I will describe the circadian system of plants. I will present data demonstrating that the circadian clock regulates, growth, photosynthesis, sugar production and stress responses. I will discuss the complex interplay between light and circadian timing in the regulation of plant growth.
Figure 1 Circadian clocks in plants are made up of interlocking feedbacks of genes regulating each other. The clock is responsive to the day night cycle and regulates photosynthesis, sugar metabolism and growth. In turn the clock is regulated by sugars (Haydon et al Nature 2013).
Circadian clocks in plants
Alex WEBB University of Cambridge Chair of Cell Signalling Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA UNITED KINGDOM. E-mail: [email protected]
The rotation of the Earth causes daily cycles of light and dark and heat and cold. The intensity and duration of these cycles differ depending on latitude and the season. The plants we use as crops have often been selected from different regions of the Earth and are adapted to particular day lengths and temperature regimes. The biological adaptation to these 24 hour cycles of light and dark and warm and cold is the circadian clock. The internal circadian clock is a 24 hour timing device comprised of self-regulating loops of genes. In recent years it has been discovered that the circadian clock controls plant growth and development, flowering, responses to environmental stress and pathogens. Optimal growth in environmentally controlled growth rooms requires an understanding of the circadian system to ensure that the timing of light and temperature cycles is optimum for yield and quality. A detailed understanding of the circadian system might in the future provide opportunities to develop new plant varieties that are more suited to growth room conditions, and specifically are optimised to reduce energy inputs.
In this lecture I will describe the circadian system of plants. I will present data demonstrating that the circadian clock regulates, growth, photosynthesis, sugar production and stress responses. I will discuss the complex interplay between light and circadian timing in the regulation of plant growth.
Figure 1 Circadian clocks in plants are made up of interlocking feedbacks of genes regulating each other. The clock is responsive to the day night cycle and regulates photosynthesis, sugar metabolism and growth. In turn the clock is regulated by sugars (Haydon et al Nature 2013).
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