CONTENT

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Introduction Principles of Green chemistry Story to Understand Green

chemistry Green Components Green chemistry applied to

“NIRMA UNIVERSITY” IC going green

DEFINITION :-

Green Chemistry Is About...

Cost

Waste

Materials

Hazard

Risk

Energy

Why do we need Green Chemistry ?

Chemistry is undeniably a very prominent part of our daily lives.

Chemical developments also bring new environmental problems and harmful unexpected side effects, which result in the need for ‘greener’ chemical products.

A famous example is the pesticide DDT.

Question 1: Richard Spilled some sticky juice onto the kitchen floor and now he is cleaning the floor. So Richard is not aware of or not following which principle of green chemistry?

Prevent Waste

Question 2: The production of an alcohol is readily accomplished by reduction of an ester with lithium aluminium hydride, but the reaction necessarily produces a voluminous floc of aluminium salts, which have to be separated from the product alcohol and disposed of. The cost of such hazardous material disposal can be considerable. Which principle of green chemistry is needed in this chemical process to prevent generation of waste?

Atom Economy

Question 3: The production of paints in a very famous company Nerolac Paints is done by “Low-VOC” paints, stains, or sealants that are formulated to reduce their total content of certain chemicals that have been recognized as carcinogenic or causing cognitive development issues. Which Principle of green chemistry is being used by the company in their production??

Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

Question 4: American Chemical Society(ACS) has published a book that is a new approach to address the adverse effects to human health and the environment of chemicals developed and used by an ever advancing industrialized society. The book provides excellent examples of the design and redesign of chemicals for practical commercial use. This shows that ACS supports the green chemistry’s principle of_______________.

Designing Safer Chemicals

Question 5.Meenakshi chemicals pvt ltd. are using solvents like CH2CL2 , CCL4 etc. AS their manufacturing solvents.Which principle of green chemistry is violated by Meenakshi chemicals?

Chemical solvents like super critical CO2 having low viscosity and low surface tension, supercritical water (374.C 218 atm) can be used instead of CH2CL2 ,CCL4

Safer solvents and Chemical

products

Question 6.Nature produces about 170 billion tons of plant biomass annually, of which we currently use about 3.5 % for human needs. It is estimated that about 40 billion tons of biomass, or about 25 % of the annual production, would be required to completely generate a bio-based economy. Which Principle of green chemistry is needed to utilize the biomass energy?

Use of Renewable feed stocks

Question 7.A company is firstly producing Penicillin G (R=H) is first protected as its silyl ester [R = Si(Me)3] then reacted with phosphorusA pentachloride at -40oC to form the chlorimidate1 subsequent hydrolysis gives the desired 6-APA from which semi-synthetic penicillins are manufactured.And nowThis synthesis has bee largely replaced by a newer enzymatic process using pen-acylase. This synthesis occurs in water at just above room temperature. The new synthesis has many advantages from a green perspective one of which is that the silyl protecting group is not required.Which principle of green chemistry is applied?

Reduced Derivatives

Question 8.In a research laboratory homogenization mills was used to homogenize particles but now they are using ultrasonic homogenization which principle of green chemistry they are aware of?

The ultrasonic method of homogenization of particles is highly energy efficient rather than homogenizing mills

Design for energy efficiency

Question 9.Foreign Companies Uses catalyst such as palladium-on-charcoal for the reduction of a ketone to the corresponding secondary alcohol using sodium borohydride or molecular hydrogen as the reductant. Which principle of green chemistry is applied by the companies?

Use of catalysts

Question 10.Before many years an incident in bernoley had took a place in which a dangerous gas had leaked due to which many people who were working their had died and many others around were affected due to this gas and the reaction is measured till today due to that gas. This was lack of which principle of green chemistry??

Essentially Safer Chemicals for Accident

Prevention

Question 11.American Chemical Society has developed such kind of polymers that are degradable and reused also. This shows that ACS is aware about ____________________________ principle of green chemistry.

Design for degradation

Question 12:Bosco chemicals pvt. Ltd. Installed an equipment to measure the amount of harmful gases being released in the atmosphere by the company. This shows that ______________________ principal of green chemistry is followed by the company.

Real time analysis for pollution prevention

THE STORY

Hansi, is one of the developing cities in India. A suburban area Rajgadh is in the outskirts of the city. This area has 20 to 30 houses with not much of a development. This area has been surrounded by few upcoming industries, which serves the city of Hansi. The representative Prakash noticed the increase of unhealthy people in the locality. So he organized a meeting and the decision was made consult the central board of pollution control in Hansi. Prakash himself went to Hansi and met few government officials and discussed the problems faced by the people in Rajgadh. The board sent a team to survey the area.The report which was presented by the team in the next meeting which follows:

Report

The Report focusses on the reactions which are being used in the industries. The alternative reactions are suggested and send to the industry owners. Central Board made it mandatory for the Industries to follow those reactions only.

NH2+CH2C

L

NHCOCH3

NH2+CH3COOH

(CH3CO)2O

NHCOCH3

ALTERNATE GREEN METHOD

PYRIDINE

ZINC DUST

BOIL

Preparation of Acetanilide

CONVENTIONAL METHOD

Non-green Components:1.Use of chlorinated solvent like phosgene.2. Pyridine is also not eco-friendly.3. Acetic anhydride leaves one molecule of acetic acid unused.

OH

COOH

Ca(NO3)2ACETIC ACID

OH

COOH

NO2

OHNANO3

H2SO4OHNO2

OH

NO2

Nitration Of Phenols

CONVENTIONAL METHOD


Non-green Components:1.Involves use of Conc. Sulfuric acid.

NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3BrGLACIAL ACETIC ACID

NHCOCH3

Br2

CAN KBrH2O EtOH

NHCOCH3Br

Bromination of acetanilide

CONVENTIONAL METHOD


Non-green Components:1.Liquid molecular bromine is used.

The Central Pollution Control board sent an expert to discuss the solutions . The expert comes to the area and organizes a meeting with the entire locality.

WASTE MANAGEMENT A continuous process and apparatus

converts waste biomass into industrial chemicals, animal feeds and fuels.

Another process converts waste biomass such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, plastics, tires, etc. into useful products including hydrogen, ethanol and acetic acid.

GREEN PAINTs

In general, paints consists of VOCs having bad smell and are harmful to the environment.

While paints with reduced levels of VOCs are more eco-friendly than conventional paints, some house paints have an even lower environmental impact. Homeowners can select premium-grade zero-VOC paints that also use VOC-free colorants, are free of vinyl and other plasticizers and include no toxic biocides.

Independent organizations such as Green Seal, Green guard and Eco label test paints to ensure that they have met the highest standards of eco-friendly performance. You can recognize these paints by the environmental certification seal on their label.

GREEN PLASTICS

Some plastic products can now be made from plant sugars from renewable crops like corn, beets, etc.

Green Plastics are the focus of an emerging industry focused on making convenient living consistent with environmental stability. One reason to make a shift toward the use of green plastics is the availability of raw materials. Green plastics can be made using polymers that come from agricultural and marine feed stocks.

These are abundant natural resources that are constantly being replenished. This, in turn could revitalize rural economy, both agricultural and marine, by providing additional demand for currently underutilized land or low-valued biomass commodities.

GREEN CARPETS TILES

Conventional carpet tiles backing consists of Bitumen, PVC or polyurethane which are toxic in nature.

The Eco Worx is the industry’s first fully sustainable, non-PVC, low-VOC carpet tile backing which is safe for human health as well as environment.

It also has greater tensile strength, tear strength and delamination strength.

BIO-PESTICIDES

Bio-pesticides are the alternative for conventional pesticides that are harmful for land as well as the crops.

Bio-pesticides may include natural plant-derived products, which include alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics and other secondary chemicals. Certain vegetable oils such as canola oil are known to have pesticidal properties.

REVERSE OSMOSIS TECHNOLOGY

Dow developed Reverse Osmosis Technologies known as Filmtech that provides safe drinking water through desalination in the coastal areas.

Relied upon by hospitals and pharmaceutical companies for the most critical, life-essential pure water needs.

Depended upon by the largest seawater desalination facility in the Southern Hemisphere, providing water for more than 200,000 residents in Perth, Australia.

NIRMA UNIVERSITY

1. FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES IN COLLEGE The possibility of implementing green architecture technologies in the campus is limited due to various factors: the major one being space constraint due to which neither a new building can be constructed nor any new technology can be implemented on a large scale. However there have been constant improvements by the college management to improvise the existing infrastructure in such a manner that they resemble a self-sustaining habitat. Further the buildings in the university campus have been designed in such a way that most of the green building technology concepts have been followed. Hence, it can be said that many green building concepts already exist in the campus due to innovative building design and modern construction practices being used. However, there is still a lot to be done to conserve the environment and make the university buildings truly green buildings.

2. LIST OF TECHNOLOGIES TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN COLLEGE 2.1. To be implemented by management A host of green building technologies could be implemented by the college management to improvise the existing conditions. Some of these technologies are: Installation of water collection systems and double-flush toilets Implement Radiant Heating System Using Aerated Faucets Making the whole university a Solar Campus Using Green Building Materials for Renovation Purposes Installation of Energy Efficient Lighting and Machines

IC going Green As such there have not been much development in ic

industries regarding green approach towards the product they produce but continuous efforts are being made to improve the techniques in order to eliminate environment affecting factors at the source.

-NXP Semiconductor N.V announced a new generation of “green chip” power solutions that feature the lowest standby capabilities in the industry, reaching levels below 10mW.

-Lancaster university, after a survey, have concluded that many thousands of tonnes of CO2 emissions could be saved each year if the water industry were to switch to using auto-calibrating analyzers and remote monitoring of analytical instrumentation. To supports the cause, the company pi have developed a cratos instrument controller and analyzer.

So, ic’ans have a lot of work to do in this field to think out of box and to come up with solutions to improve the present condition. Automation is a key factor to improve the situations in many other industries in order to achieve our green goal.

Green chemistry is creating A sustainable lifestyle.

Prepared By:

Charmi Savani-13BIC049 Manan Shah-13BIC050 Shripal Shah-13BIC051Yash Shah-13BIC052

Saloni Sharma-13BIC053

Shubham Sharma-13BIC054

THANK YOU

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