Contaminated Soil '90Third International KfKITNO Conference on Contaminated Soil,10-14 December 1990, Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany

edited by

F.ARENDT

Projekt Schadstoffbeherrschung in der Umwelt,Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center,Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany

M. HINSENVELD

University of Cincinnati,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

and

Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO,Apeldoorn, The Netherlands

WJ. VAN DEN BRINK

TNO Corporate Communication Department,The Hague, The Netherlands

Volume I

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERSDORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON

CONTENTS

VOLUME

Conference Patrons, Committees XLI

ForewordA. Rorsch , XLVII

ForewordW. Klose XLIX

IntroductionF. Arendt, M. Hinsenveld & W.J. van den Brink LIII

Contaminated soils - relevance to and perspectives for theprotection of the environment in the industrial societyH.W. Thoenes LV

1. STRATEGIES, POLICIES, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

1.1 Industrialized countries

Soil protection policy in the Netherlands, the seconddecadeK.W. Keuzenkamp, H.G. von Meijenfeldt & J.M. RoeIs 3

The bill is presented; motives behind the recovery ofsoil clean-up costs in the NetherlandsH.G. von Meijenfeldt & E.C.M. Schippers 11

Contaminated industrial sites in the NetherlandsL.J.J. Gravesteyn 17

The public need of new soil purification techniquesS.H. Brunekreef 19

Superfund status and experience - toward finding newsolutions to old problemsW.W. Kovalick, Jr. 23

Technical and administrative bases for the sanitation ofcontaminated sites in AustriaK.L. Zirm 31

Area of contaminated soil in Pratteln (Switzerland) -Creation of metastases and necessity of a land registerof contaminated soilsD. Winistorfer 41

x Volume 1

Analysis of contaminated soil site inventory methodologyon the basis of a pilot surveyT. Assmuth & o. Laaperi 43

Reclamation strategies and programs for contaminatedsites in ItalyW. Ganapini, F. Perghem & A. Milani 53

Contribution to the Workshop 'Contaminated IndustrialSites'R. Goubier 59

Contaminated industrial sites - StatementG. Zimmermeyer 61

Contaminated industrial sitesE.F. Thairs 63

Expert model for calculation of soil sanitation costs -early insight in time and costs involvedL.N.J.M. van der Drift 65

A new approach to soil pollution control in theRotterdam 'Europoort-Botlek' industrial areaW. Visser & F. Rodewijk 73

Soil sanitation of industrial sites: cluster conceptand consensusF.H. Mischgofsky, F.A. Weststrate & W. Visser 81

Living on soil cover systems - conflicting interests oflocal residents and governmentA.Ch.E. van de Vusse & J.D. de Rijk 91

Liability of the person responsible for conditions foralready decontaminated industrial sitesK. Fritsch 99

Permit approval of plants and processes for thermalsoil treatment and river sediment utilizationE. Beitinger, E. Glaser & J. Spanier 103

Positive consequences of the old waste problemregarding disposal of low contaminated wastesF. Konz 107

1.2 Eastern European countries

The situation as regards contaminated sites in PolandE.S. Kempa 109

Volume 1 M

Soil contamination by prior landfills in the Czechand Slovak Federative RepublicJ. Mikolas 121

Soil contamination in HungaryL. Vermes 1447')

Contaminated soil problem in EstoniaE. Gabowitsch 131

1.3 Newly industrialized and developing countries

Soil pollution in developing countries with specialreference to IndiaN. Gebremedhin, P. Khanna & P.V.R. Subrahmanyam 133

The illegal traffic of hazardous toxic wastes in TurkeyJ. Alyanak & Z. Yontem 139

Heavy metals and arsenic in soils and plants ofpolluted urban sites and their extensive distributionin the city of Metro Manila, Philippines. Part II:Situation in plantsE.-M. Pfeiffer, J. Freytag & H.-W. Scharpenseel 143

Waste-oil management in developing countriesJ. Porst & U. Frings 145

2. RISK ASSESSMENT, STANDARDS, etc.

2.1 Standards. Trigger values

Development and implementation of soil quality andcleanup criteria for contaminated sitesR.L. Siegrist 149

Ecotoxicological risk assessment as a base fordevelopment of soil quality criteriaC.A.J. Denneman & J.G. Robberse 157

On the adequacy of standards-based risk evaluationmethods for contaminated landJ.J. Vegter, J. van Wensem & J. de Jongh 165

') This contribution was received during the production process of theseProceedings and therefore had to be included at the rear end of Volume 2.The Editors.

*" Volume 1

Ecotoxicological trigger values: is pooling of allavailable data possible?J. van Wensem & J.J. Vegter 173

How dirty is real dirty - further criticism andelaboration of the concept of soil contaminationtrigger valuesT. Assmuth 181

Preliminary guide levels for mineral oil hydrocarbonsin soils and groundwaterB. Gras & P. Friesel 183

Trigger levels and procedures for contaminated soilsH. Schuldt 185

Delimination of groundwater protection areas in theNetherlandsJ. de Jongh, N.A. de Ridder & J.J. Vegter 187

2.2 Contamination sources. Background concentrations.Spatial distribution

Atmospheric deposition as a source of heavy metals andorganic contaminants to agroecosystemsK.C. Jones 189

Experience gained in applying the minimum investigationprogramme for arable landW. Konig 197

Lead pollution of soil and groundwater at clay pigeonshooting rangesR. Hahn 205

Impact of coal ash lagoons upon the surrounding soilsE.S. Kempa & A. Jedrczak 207

Heavy metal contamination in the Culebro river basinsoilsM. Rodriguez Barrera, M.D. Tenorio Sanz &M.E. Torija Isasa 213

The spatial distribution of nitrate concentrations inthe coastal aquifer - Hadera region5. Azmon 215

Background concentrations of dissolved compounds inNorthrhine-Westphalian groundwatersW. Leuchs & H. Friege 217

Volume 1 xiii

Soil and plant contamination with harmful substancesafter long time trials of sewage sludge applicationon arable land and grasslandG. Gelbert & E. von Boguslawski 219

Exposure remediation of soil radioactivityC. Winder, P.B.J.M. Oude Boerrigter & F.B. de Walle 221

Behaviour of 'alkylbenzolsulfonates' in the system 'soil -seeping water - ground water1

W. Thomas & W. Ebel 227

2.3 Risk assessment

Environmental hygienic principles and aspects inestablishing limit values for toxic substances in soilTh. Eikmann, S. Michels, Th. Krieger & H.J. Einbrodt 229

Toxicological considerations in the compliance ofregulatory standards in soil decontamination projectsM. Steigmeier & A. Bachmann 237

Environmental cleanup objectives standard procedure(ECOSP)K.T. von der Trenck & P. Fuhrmann 245

AGAPE - a model for estimating the relative risk ofpotential contaminated sitesA. Krischok-Peppernick 253

Contaminated sites and masters plan - example HamburgA. Krischok-Peppernick 255

A use-oriented evaluation system for contaminated sites,taking into account human health, economic considerationsand the natural environmentH. Stolpe & H. Junge 257

Health and safety concepts applicable to contaminatedsoil clearanceD. Gonner 259

Development of a general impact assessment concept forthe sanitation of uncontrolled ha-zardous sitesN. Simmleit & I. Wegemann 261

Development of an action frame to improve the socialacceptance of measures to clean up contaminated sitesA. Rahrbach, R. Hachmann & W. Ulrici 263

Xlv Volume 1

Spatial impact assessment for cleaning up contaminatedsites - a research-approach within the R&D-project inDortmundF. Claus, S. Kraus & w. Wiirstlin 265

Evaluation and selection of a risk assessment methodfor sanitation technologies for contaminated landH.L. Jessberger & M. Musold 267

Risk assessment of uncontrolled hazardous sites:conception and preliminary resultsR. Hempfling, T. Mathews, N. Simmleit & P. Doetsch 269

Harmonizing plan approval procedures for soil cleaningproj ectsJ. Lohrengel-Goeke & H.-J. Ziegeler 271

2.4 Safety of workers

Assessment of human exposure in relation toredevelopment plans for contaminated sitesL.M. Keiding & D. Borg 273

Occupational medicine in the cleaning up of oldhazardous waste sitesR. Rumler 281

Occupational safety at landfillsV. Wilhelm 283

Safety aspects of the planning, construction andoperation of biogas plantsV. Wilhelm 285

Selection of investigation technique of workers at anold dumping siteTh. Poller 287

Occupational protection measures during investigationand cleanup of former waste dumps and industrial sites.Two practical examplesM. Vuga & L. Friman 289

2.5 Reuse of cleaned sites

Recultivation of decontaminated soil by a thermictreatmentJ. Campino, H.D. Miihlberger & W. schoknecht 291

Volume 1 xv

Recultivation of thermically cleaned soils according tonatural successionD. Brans, Chr. Reimann & M. Jochimsen 297

Recultivation of phytotoxic miocene sandsH. Greinert 303

Decontaminated soils: properties and potential for useD. Goetz & A.N.H. Claussen 311

Hazard potential of a reclaimed landfill site presentlyused as recreational parkM. Stammler, O. Schuster & R. Rohde .. 313

The microbial community of landfill soils and theinfluence of landfill gas on soil recovery andrevegetationS.D. Wigfull & P. Birch 315

Reutilization of a former coking plant and mining sitefollowing unsupervised demolitionH.G. Meiners & U. Lieser 317

Redevelopment of a machine-tools factory for residentialand commercial useH.G. Meiners, A. Borgmann & S. Wittke 319

3. FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF SOIL AND OF CONTAMINANT BEHAVIOUR

3.1 Adsorption. Solubility

Enhanced leaching of organic chemicals in soils due tobinding to dissolved organic carbon?I. Kogel-Knabner, P. Knabner & H. Deschauer 323

Contribution of soil constituents in adsorption ofchemicalsH. Kishi & Y. Hasimoto 331

Interactions of organic pollutants with soilconstituents in aqueous and oil-contaminated systemsJ. Gerth, W. Calmano & U. Forstner 337

Desorption kinetics of volatile organic contaminantsfrom aquifer materialsP. Grathwohl, J. Farrell & M. Reinhard 343

Retention of mercury II on a natural quartz sand: nonlinear behaviour at very low concentrationsJ.M. Strauss, M.A. Bues & L. zilliox 351

XV1 Volume 1

Physico-chemical models for metal ion behaviour in soilW.H. van Riemsdijk, J.C.M. de Wit, M.M. Nederlof,L.K. Koopal & F.A.M. de Haan 359

The solubility of iron-cyanide in soilsJ.C.L. Meeussen, M.G. Keizer & W.H. van Riemsdijk 367

The importance of chemical and physical properties ofnew agrochemicals for their sorption to bulk soilmaterial and dissolved organic carbonH. Deschauer & I. Kogel-Knabner 375

Phenol and benzene removal by sorption on soilE.S. Kempa, T. Butrymowicz & A. Jedrczak 377

Studies on total sorption of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu by somePolish soilsJ. Szymura 381

Sequential extraction of heavy metals from floodplainsedimentsH. Leenaers 383

Solubility of Cd, Pb and Zn in soils containing highgeogeneous and additional anthropogeneous chargesM. Filipinski & M. Grupe 385

3.2 Mobility

Retention of lead and zinc from a furnace dust dump bya clayey subsoilJ.-F. Wagner 387

Mobilization of harmful substances by decompositionprocessesP. Spillmann 393

Strategies for the examination of contaminated sitesM. Zarth 411

In-situ measurement of rock permeability in boringsand at ground water measuring points - a comparisonof methodsM. Bruns • 413

Regulation of the trace metal solubility duringanaerobic decomposition of solid municipal wasteS. Peiffer, K. Pecher & R. Herrmann 415

Extraction procedure evaluating the potential mobilityof heavy metals in soilS. Diireth-Joneck & J. Reich 417

Volume 1 x v u

An experimental model approach to the behaviour of anorganophosphorus pesticide in a saturated porous medium.Effect of the composition of the solid phaseC. Penelle, A. Exinger, P. Muntzer & L. Zilliox 419

The influence of organic substances and of the samplingpipe arrangement in aquifers on the representation ofthe measured valuesK. Miinnich 421

Pesticide leaching through heterogeneous unsaturatedsoilsS.E.A.T.M. van der Zee & F.A.M. de Haan .. 423

Solute transport in holocene marsh sediments -experiments and mathematical modelsW. Schneider, A. Baermann, P. Doll & W. Neumann 425

Interactions between clay or clay-stones and selectedpercolation fluidsK.-H. Hesse & H.-D. Schumacher 427

CABADIM - a computer model for dimensioning of capillarybarriersS. Wohnlich 429

3.3 Toxicity

Toxic effects of pollutants on the mineralization ofsubstrates at low environmental concentrations in soils,subsoils and sedimentsP. van Beelen, A.K. Fleuren-Kemila, M.P.A. Huys,A.C.H.A.M. van Mil & P.L.A. van Vlaardingen 431

A higher plant test for contaminated soilM. Hauschild 439

Use of bioassays for studying oil contamination in soilJ. Gunkel & W. Ahlf 441

Microbial nitrate elimination in subsoils of anagriculturally used water catchment areaM. Lehn-Reiser, G. Benckiser, A. Pitzer & J.C.G. Ottow 443

3.4 Biodeoradabilitv

Solubility and degradability of the gasoline additiveMTBE, methyl-tert-butyl-ether, and gasoline compoundsin waterH. Mcpller Jensen & E. Arvin 445

xvm Volume 1

Chemodynamics of chlorophenols during sequentialdegradation of solid municipal wastesK. Pecher, S. Peiffer & R. Herrmann 449

The fate and long-term persistence of polynucleararomatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soilsamended with sewage sludgesS.R. Wild, M.L. Berrow & K.C. Jones 457

Large scale sample tests for a biological in-situremediation of soils polluted by hydrocarbonsN.-Ch. Lund & G. Gudehus 463

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)in the subsurfaceM. Stieber, K. Bockle, P. Werner & F.H. Frimmel 473

Kinetics of mineralization of dibenzofurane and dibenzo-p-dioxin in heterogeneous systems by soil bacteriaK. Figge, R.-M. Wittich, A. Wernitz, A. Uphoff,H. Harms & P. Fortnagel 481

PAH-degradation by bacteria - bioassay for the evaluationof microbial soil remediationW.D. Weilienfels, U. Walter, M. Beyer & J. Klein 483

Biological investigations for feasibility studies andprocess control in bioremediation of contaminated soilswith special respect to mineral oilM. Sellner 485

Investigations on changes in the composition ofmicrobial communities during microbiological treatmentprocessesP. Kampfer, P.M. Becker & W. Dott 487

Influence of biosurfactant producing microorganisms onthe degradation of a model oil by an original soilpopulationE. Goclik, R. Miiller-Hurtig & F. Wagner 489

Effect of microbial surfactants on hydrocarbonmineralization in different model systems of soilJ?. Miiller-Hurtig, A. Oberbrejner, R. Meier & F. Wagner 491

Relationship between phenylmercuric (II) acetatebiodegradation rates and microbial activities on porousmedium surfacesC. Bicheron & M.A. Sues , 493

Volume 1 X1X

Bacterial degradation of dibenzo-p-dioxin and chlorinatedderivatives by the bacterium Pseudomonas spec. RW1R.-M. Wittich, H. Wilkes, K. Figge, W. Francke &P. Fortnagel 495

Aerobic mineralization of 1,2,4-trichloro- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene by Pseudomonas strainsP. Sander, R.-M. Wittich & P. Fortnagel 497

Enhancing the biodegradation of polynuclear aromatichydrocarbons in soilsJ. Birnstingl, S.R. Wild & K.C. Jones 499

The toxicity of trichloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethanetowards methane-oxidizing bacteriaK. Broholm, T.H. Christensen, B.K. Jensen & L. Olsen 503

A. INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL OF SITES

4.1 Decision support. Expert systems

A decision support system for management of pollutedsoilsW. Visser, R. Janssen & M. van Herwijnen 507Neural networks as decision support systems - new toolsfor handling soil contaminationsR. Huele 515

Selection criteria and selection of remediation measuresand their application; presented on the example of aformer factory in the iron- and steel-business inDiisseldorf, FRGK. Hoffmann 521

Evaluation of hazardous sites for the determination ofpriority and need of actionC. Hillmert 527

Computer-based register of pollutants used by a localauthority agency - Ways of recognizing conflicts andsolving problemsB. Stuck • 535

Experiences gained when assessing contaminated siteswith support of the XUMA expert systemW. Eitel, W. Geiger & R. Weidemann 543

XUMA expert system for support of investigation andevaluation of contaminated sitesW. Geiger, R. Weidemann & W. Eitel 549

** Volume 1

Role of expertsystems in evaluation of contaminatedsoil and groundwaterR. Huele, R. Kleijn & W. van der Naald 551

Ranking system to estimate the potential of hazard forgroundwater below contaminated sitesH. Bremer & U. Rohweder 553

A databank and information system for investigatingabandoned bituminous coal mining sitesM. Bohmer & W. Skala 555

The role of soil science in reclamation of contaminatedlandW. Burghardt 557

Soil survey instruction of urban, commercial andindustrial sites - fundamentals of investigationassessment and reclamation of contaminated soilsArbeitskreis Stadtboden der Deutschen BodenkundlichenGesellschaft - W. Burghardt 559

Presentation within the framework of,the cooperativeventure GeorgswerderJ.H. Fischer 561

4.2 Site assessment. Sampling strategies. Methodology

Evaluation of groundwater sampling techniques for theinvestigation and monitoring of contaminated sitesG. Teutsch, B. Barczewski & H. Kobus 563

Geophysical methods in surveying old landfillsJ?. Cossu, G. Ranieri, M. Marchisio, L. Sambuelli,A. Godio & G.M. Motzo 575

Model sites in Baden-Wiirttemberg - results concerning thepractice of site investigationH. Neifer 583

Use of different investigation techniques at the'Miihlacker' model site for the purposes of comparisonR. Crocoll & W. van der Galien 589

Sampling strategy and testing procedure of excavated andcleaned soilsC.W. Versluijs 597

Burning chemical waste disposal site: investigation,assessment and rehabilitationD.L. Barry, J.M. Campbell & E.H. Jones 607

Volume 1 XX1

Sanitation-model Povel/Nordhorn - Strategies,experiences and resultsP. Rongen, D. Schuller & A. Virmani 629

Phasis of sanitation of waste dumps at the exampleof sanitary landfill Bielefeld-SenneJ. Peters & A. Wiebe 637

Clustering of sites in investigation of contaminatedindustrial areasJ.W. van Vliet & W.D.E. van Pampus 645

Environmental geophysics in contaminated siteexplorationA. StraBburger 651

Statewide historical survey of suspected contaminatedand abandoned sites in Baden-WiirttembergP. Fuhrmann 659

Usage of different methods in the investigation ofcontaminated sites by the example of the 'Modellstandort1

OsterhofenG. Battermann & A. Bender 673

Contamination of soils by hazardous gases: investigation,monitoring, diagnosis and treatment6. Grantham & M.K.D. Eddis 681

Remediation measures on the site of the gas supplyutilities in MunichE. Holzmann, M. Koch & J. Schuchardt 691

Manual of groundwater investigation in fractured rocksin connection with contaminated landW.G. Coldewey & L. Krahn 693

Potential hazards of four abandoned dumping sites withina water work catchment areaL. van Straaten 695

Behaviour of halogenated hydrocarbons in soilM. Stammler, R. Rohde & P. Geldner 697

A simple method for estimating the potentialcontamination of soil by organic chemicalsAT. Litz & H.-P. Blume 699

Multi-phase approach to pollution assessment of wastedump sites in polder areasM. Siegerist & D. Langemeijer 701

**" Volume 1

Soil contamination at an old lead smeltery, investigationand alternative remedial action techniquesM. Wahlstrom, P. Vahanne & L. Maidell-Miinster 703

Rehabilitation programme for abandoned dumping sites inLower Saxony - purpose-oriented follow-up investigationsD. Horchler 705

Grid sampling and simulation models in groundwaterpollution investigationsB. Lamoree S J. Manschot 707

Mapping of aquicludal horizons in quaternary sedimentsusing reflection seismic techniquesH. Stiimpel, W. Rabbel & R. Kirsch 709

Investigation and rehabilitation of a hydrocarboncontamination under airfield conditionsN. Molitor, P. Ripper & R. Schmidt 711

Development of standardized sampling strategies for soilinvestigation in the NetherlandsD. Hortensius, R. Bosman, J. Harmsen & D. Wever 713

Evaluation of soil data for closure of surfaceimpoundmentsW.E. Kelly, I. Bogardi & A. Bardossy 721

Expert knowledge and (geo)statistical methods:complementary tools in soil pollution researchJ.P. Okx, G.B.M. Heuvelink & A.W. Grinwis 729

Investigation of soil and waste at contaminated sitesH. Friege 737

Systematic sampling strategies for the investigation ofsoil and waterbottom contaminationR. Bosman & F.P.J. Lame 745

The influence of sample size and sampling location onthe quality check of decontaminated soilF.P.J. Lame, M. Albert & R. Bosman 747

Improving cost effectiveness in soil pollution researchJ.P. Okx ' 749

Examination of contaminated sites by means ofgeophysical exploration techniquesB.-M. Schulze & R. Muckelmann , 751

Detections of abandoned waste sites by remote sensingusing a thermal-/multispectral scanner systemH. Henseleit, M. Sartori & B. Jourdan 753

Volume 1 XX1U

Investigation strategies on contaminated sites: samplingand analysesP. Friesel, M. Seliner & S. Sievers 755

Pore vapour sampling as an investigation technique forsoil contamination sitesW. van Oosterom & F. Spuy 757

Three dimensional pollutant detection in the aquifer byhorizontated groundwatersampling with pneumatic sealedplunger pump equipment in observation wellsD. Quantz 759

Methods development for sampling contaminated soils andsediments for volatile organic compound measurementsR.L. Siegrist 761

4.3 Oh site analysis

Introductory workshop: on-site analysisH. Seng 765

Fast on-site analysis: a mobile GC/MS system incomparison with laboratory analyticsG. Matz, W. Schroder & P. Kesners 767

Fiber optic modified spectroscopic analytical methodsfor the monitoring of environmental pollutantsJ. Biirck, W. Faubel, E. Gantner, U. Hoeppener-Kramar &H.J. Ache 775

Field analysis and site characterization activities ofthe U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyE.N. Koglin & J.C. Tuttle 783

On-site analysis tailored to site clean-up projectsJ. Jager & L. Schanne 785

On-site analyses, future or fantasy? Some aspects ofon-site analysesD.H. Meijer 789

New strategies for determining the level ofcontamination of sites using a mobile mass spectrometerM. Zarth 793

Rapid screening of soil samples for chlorinated organiccompoundsR. Darskus, H. Schlesing, C. von Hoist & R. Wallon 795

A M V Volume 1

On-site analysis for hazardous organic compounds in soil,groundwater, and soil air samples from a former town gasproduction site using a mobile gas chromatograph/massspectrometer unitJ. Kolbel-Boelke & A.G. Loudon 797

Membrane-ATR-method for the continuous determination ofchlorinated hydrocarbons in air and waterR.C. Wyzgol, P. Heinrich, H.-J. Hochkamp, A. Hatzilazaru,K. Lebioda, S. Aschhoff & B. Schrader 799

Development of a cadmium-selective sensor based on an ion-selective field effect transistorV. Jegle, J. Reichert & H.J. Ache 801

Determination of contaminants in water with detector tubesC. Herziger 803

Field methods for soil air investigation on contaminatedsitesM. Kerth 805

Extensive on-site analysis of light aromatic andchlorinated hydrocarbons in soil gas by means of amobile gas chromatograph (GC)A. Rosenberger & M. Koch 807

Possibilities and limits for representative sampling ofsolid waste resp. contaminated soils and the consequencesfor waste analysisE. Thomanetz 809

4.4 Analysis of samples

A comparison of methods for the PAH-analysis in solidsamplesJ. Blankenhorn 811

Mineral exploration techniques applied to remedial actionof contaminated soilsG. Zeibig 817

X-ray micro analysis for a more differentiated approachof the environmental hazard' of soil pollutions and wastematters containing heavy metalsG.P.M. van den Munckhof & M.A. Smithers 823

Analytical investigations of heavy metals in gaseouseffluents from a garbage dumpK. Koch & O. Vierle 827

Volume 1 " '

Examination of contaminated soils with detector tubesE. Eickeler 829

A new method for the evaluation of the total organicburden of tar-oil contaminated gas-work-soilsD. Maler, C. Lund & G. Gudehus 831

Analytical methods for the determination of volatilehalogenated organic substances in sludges, wastes andsoilsJ. Albertl, A. Brocksieper, P. Bachhausen & H. Friege 833

An optical sensor for the detection of heavy-metal-ionsR. Czolk, J. Reichert & H.J. Ache 835

A fiber-optic sensor for the detection of ammonium inenvironmental watersJ. Reichert, W. Sellien & H.J. Ache 837

Analytical methods to control the success ofmicrobiological treatment of contaminated soilW. Piittmann & W. GoRel 839

Addresses of first-named authors LXIII

Keywords LXXXVII