
2/19

CHALLENGES

Workmanship

Defective Materials

Improper Soil Analysis and Preparations

Design Flaws

CONTRACTORS

Concrete team

Group of skilled carpenters on staff

CONSULTANT

Estimating

Tender Contract


3/19

CONSULTANT AND CONTRACTORS

Astana Berkat Sdn Bhd has completed a wide

range of projects ranging from earthwork to

general infrastructure works.

At the same time of consulting, they also act asgeneral contractor.


4/19

CONSULTANT

A construction consultant typically works for a

consulting firm or construction organization,

assisting commercial or residential construction

projects by offering expertise and best practicesto ensure projects are completed safely and

efficiently.


5/19

ESTIMATING

Estimate the cost of construction:

Staff sallary

Construction Materials including transportation

and wastage Cost of materials, tools, and appliances.

Insurance

Management costs

Profits


6/19

HOW TO ESTIMATE?

Cubic content

Floor Area

Unit valuation

Approximate quantities

Bill of quantities


7/19

GENERAL CONTRACTOR

General contractors are the firms hired to

manage and oversee the construction of a

building.

For instance, the general contractor might have aconcrete team, an electrical and mechanical crew,

and a group of skilled carpenters on staff to

complete everything from drywall to door and

hardware installation. These days, the role of the

general contractor has changed.

General contractors generally are responsible for

lining up and managing subcontractors to

complete each phase of the building's

construction..


8/19

CONCRETE TEAM Concrete workers mix gravel, sand,

water and cement to make

concrete. They then work to move the

concrete into position by using a

concrete pump or flowing the

concrete.

Then the concrete is poured in tosome type of formwork, such as

temporary steel or wooden mold. Once the concrete is in a mold it must be spread and levelled, and it is

then compacted using machinery.

The concrete worker must then operate paving and troweling machines

that will polish the surface of the concrete.

different jobs require the worker create various surface textures by usinghand tools to shape and create designs.


9/19

Concrete workers mix gravel, sand, water and cement to

make concrete.


10/19

They then work to move the concrete into

position by using a concrete pump or

flowing the concrete.


11/19

Then the concrete is poured in

to some type of formwork, such

as temporary steel or woodenmold.

Once the concrete is in a mold it

must be spread and leveled.

it is then compacted using machinery.


12/19

The concrete worker must then operate paving and troweling

machines that will polish the surface of the concrete.


13/19

different jobs require the worker createvarious surface textures by using hand

tools to shape and create designs.


14/19

CHALLENGE

Surface Scaling/Spalling

Cracking

Dusting

Popouts

Efflorescence

Crazing

Blistering

Plastic Shrinkage

Stamped Concrete Issues


15/19

SURFACE SCALING/SPALLING

It occurs when the surface of

hardened concrete breaks off

to a depth of 1.5mm to 5mm.

It generally happens during

the first year of placement. To overcome this, employers

with strong knowledge of the

construction process should

be selected because usually

homeowner blames theconcrete finisher, the

finisher blames the

homeowner or the redi-mix

company.


16/19

DUSTING Dusting is the presence of a powdery material at the

surface of a hardened slab because of the wearing

surface that is weak.

Finishing operation to a construction should be

emphasize because the weakness is due to finishingoperation performed over bleed water on the surface.


17/19

EFFLORESCENCE Efflorescence is a

crystalline deposit on

surfaces of masonry,

stucco or concrete.

Several methods aresuggested. One is to use

water under pressure or

one of a number of

products available from

stone dealers; another ismuriatic acid with

subse-quent flushing

with water.


18/19

BLISTERING

It is a hollow, low profilebumps on the concretesurface typically rangingfrom the size of a dime up

to an inch. Staff must ensure the

right time for towelling toprevent the surface beingsealed too early while the

underlying concrete isplastic and bleeding orable to release entrappedair.

The concrete slurry begins

to blister and peel away

from surface.


19/19

CHALLENGE

It is important for the worker to monitor how the

elements, such as heat or cold air affecting the

curing of the concrete, so that they may take

preventative measures to prevent defects.

Documents

Construction Material and Site Practice