CONSTITUTION

Chapter 6

Supporters of Stronger Government

*Land Speculators

*Large Landowners

*Manufacturers

*Creditors

Virginia (Madison) calls for convention to discuss commercial issues

Only 5 states show up

New York issue call for another convention to fix Articles

Congress calls for a convention to:“render the constitution of the Federal government adequate to the exigencies of the union.”

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

1787 -Philly

VIRGINIA PLAN

*2 Houses-Lower based on pop.-Upper picked by lower

NEW JERSEY PLAN

*1 Houseequal voting

GREAT COMPROMISE

2 Houseslower by rep.Upper 2 per

Roger Sherman

SLAVERY

•3/5 Compromise

•Can’t ban slave trade for 20yrs

•Duty of $10 max

FEDERAL SYSTEM

•shared/separate powers

•Constitution supreme law of the land

How to stop Tyranny?

•Separation of Power

•Checks & Balances

SovereigntyWhere does the power come from?

A of C – the states

Constitution

Robert Morris

“We the people”

FEDERALISTS

Supporters of Constitution

Washington, Franklin, Hamilton, Adams

Jefferson & Madison

ANTI-FEDERALISTS

Against Constitution

S. Adams, P. Henry

Help to Ratify

*Federalist Papers

Jay, Hamilton, Madison

*Bill of Rights

ELECTION OF 1788

Washington 1st President - unanimous

Adams VP

ACTIONS

OF THE 1ST

CONGRESS

Bill of Rights

10 Amendments

1-9 limit Congress

10 states get all powers not withheld or delegated

JUDICIARY ACT of 1789

Supreme Court – 6 members

13 District Courts

3 Circuit Courts

CREATES 3 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS

State, War, Treasury

2 Offices

Attorney General

Postmaster General

State - Jefferson Vir. D-R

War - Knox Mass. Fed

Treasury- Hamilton NY. Fed

Att. Gen.–Randolph Vir. D-R

Hamilton

Randolph Knox

Jefferson

HAMILTON’S PLAN

•Recall Revolutionary bonds – replace with interest bearing bonds

•Take over State debts

*National Bank

-provide loans to business

-deposit federal funds-collect taxes/pay expenditures –monopoly on Gov. banking

HOW TO RAISE MONEY

*Sale of public land

*Tariff on imports

*Excise on Alcoholic liquors

Many in South unhappy with plan

Hamilton makes deal with Jefferson and Madison

*Hamilton gets plan-Bank has 20 year Charter*South gets capital

Program:restores public credit

raise manufacturers profits from tariffs and new

banking system

Problems:

Small farmers pay too much in taxes

Many feel program is for the rich

Those opposed to Hamilton’s plan become:

Democratic-Republicans

T Jeff

Those who support Hamilton become the Federalists

Hamilton

JEFFERSON’S VIEW*Agrarian Republic

*Independent citizen/farmer

Opposed to:

Industrial economy/large cities

*sees western land as safety valve- keep US form becoming industrial like Europe

FEDERALISTSStrong in commercial centers of Northeast

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

Strong in West and South

Pennsylvania farmers upset about Federal tax on whiskey

Fell they already pay too much

Attack tax collectors

Whiskey

Whiskey Rebellion

Neutrality

*Citizen Genet-France

*Jay’s Treaty-England

*Pinckney’s Treaty-Spain

Washington’s Farewell

*Benefits of Federal Gov. *Against Party System *Stable Public Credit *Permanent Foreign Alliances *Military Establishment

Adams wins 1796 election

Jefferson comes in second

$

XPickney Marshall

Gerry

YZ

Affair

QUASI-WAR

1798-1799

ALIEN

&

SEDITION

ACTS

Virginia & Kentucky Resolves

*based on Social Contract

*if government exceeds it’s

power, state can nullify the law

ELECTION OF 1800

*Adams vs. Jefferson

*Aaron Burr – founder of Tammany Hall

*Jefferson & Burr tied

Burr

Jefferson

*vote in House of Reps.

*38 ballots

*Hamilton swings election to Jefferson

Revolution of 1800

Midnight Appointments

*Judges appointed by Adams in last weeks of term

*New positions made by Judiciary Act of 1801

*John Marshall-Chief Justice