Considerations and Trends in Transition to FTTx Networks to FTTx - CCTA July 2014.pdf · Considerations and Trends in Transition to FTTx Networks . 2 PT-104190-EN PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

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PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

© 2010 CommScope, Inc

Tom Anderson • Director of Product Mgmt, Advanced Broadband Solutions

Considerations and Trends in Transition to FTTx Networks

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The Critical Challenge

In near and long-terms, the current approach

is unsustainable

• Surging demand fueled by OTT services like

YouTube, Hulu and Netflix

• Popularity of mobile devices accessing the

networks for content further exacerbates this

demand

The modern broadband network must adapt

and evolve

• Objectives: remain competitive and support

future bandwidth growth

• Near term, Coaxial infrastructure can grow in

capacity alongside customer demand

• Must evolve from an HFC platform to an all

optical network supporting IP based services

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Sustaining The Networks

Four Changes will extend the life of the current network

Fiber must migrate

deeper into the network

Headends must

converge

Upstream bandwidth

must increase

Video formats

must evolve

PON is a core enabling access network technology to

achieve a converged optical IP-based platform

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Page 4

The ‘Last Mile’ Continues to be the challenge.

Fiber Optic Backbones

Carry Virtually All Traffic for Modern Communications

Systems

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Considerations in Transition to FTTx

…We have been talking about the move to an all-fiber, all-IP

network for years

– What is new / different?

– What are the trends?

• Physical Plant

– Tap Architecture

– Hybrid Cabling

• Electronics - PON

– RFoG as transition technology

– DPoE

– Remote OLTs

– 10G PON

– Co-existence

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Tap and Splitter PON Architectures

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FTTH Fiber Distribution Alternatives

• Centralized Split Architecture

– requires one fiber from distribution point

(headend, splitter cabinet) per home connected

– Application: very dense urban/suburban, fiber-

rich distribution areas

– Fiber intensive in the drop network; least OSP

passives locations; single location for splitter(s);

cost/footprint of splitter cabinet

• Distributed Split Architecture

– First splitter located at an access point with

multiple fibers to secondary splitters

– Application: multiple clusters of subscribers

– More fiber than distributed tap; less than

centralized

– Inefficient use of optical power

• Distributed Tap Architecture

– Looks and feels like HFC

– Least fiber required, optimum optical budget

utilization

– Single fiber routing plus one fiber from tap location

to connected subscriber

– Applications: Business parks, low-medium

density subscribers, fiber-poor environments

“Right” architecture balances fiber utilization, engineering, topology

? ? ?

Tap 1x8

Splitter

Tap 1x4

Splitter Tap 1x4

Splitter Tap 1x4

Splitter Tap 1x4

Splitter

Tap Tap #1

NIU

-

-

-

Tap 1x8

Splitter

Tap 1xN

Splitter Tap 1xN

Splitter Tap 1xN

Splitter Tap 1xN

Splitter

Tap 1xN

Splitter

NIU

NIU Distributed Split Architecture

? ? ?

Tap 1x8

Splitter

Tap 1x4

Splitter Tap 1x4

Splitter Tap 1x4

Splitter Tap 1x4

Splitter

Tap Tap #1

NIU

-

-

-

Tap 1x8

Splitter

Tap 1xN

Splitter Tap 1xN

Splitter Tap 1xN

Splitter Tap 1xN

Splitter

Tap 1xN

Splitter

NIU

NIU Distributed Split Architecture

Tap Tap Tap Tap#2 Tap #1 Tap #8

NIU

Tap Tap #3 Tap Tap Tap Tap

#2

Tap

#1

Tap

#8

NIU

Tap Tap

#3

Subscriber Location

Tap Tap#4 .

Subscriber Drop

Tap Tap

#4

. .

NIU

Distributed Tap Architecture

Tap Tap Tap Tap#2 Tap #1 Tap #8

NIU

Tap Tap #3 Tap Tap Tap Tap

#2

Tap

#1

Tap

#8

NIU

Tap Tap

#3

Subscriber Location

Tap Tap#4 .

Subscriber Drop

Tap Tap

#4

. .

NIU

Distributed Tap Architecture

Centralized Split Architecture

? ? ?

Tap 1x8

Splitter

-

-

-

Tap 1xN

Splitter

NIU NIU NIU NIU NIU

Centralized Split Architecture

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Tap and Splitter Devices

Optical Splitter • Termination device

• Single or cascaded 1x2 splits • ~3.5dB loss per split

• Optical power at drop ports fixed by

number of splits

Optical Tap • Drop & continue device

• Optical coupler plus a single or

cascaded 1x2 splits • ~3.5dB loss per split

• Optical power at drop ports

determined by number of splits plus

coupler loss • Network design advantage – allows

balanced optical power at the drop

all along fiber route

Fiber In

Optical Splitters 4 Port

Splitter

Drop

1

Drop

2

Drop

3

Drop

4

Fiber In

Optical Coupler

Optical Splitters

Fiber Continues

4 Port

Tap

Drop

1

Drop

2

Drop

3

Drop

4

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Distribution Fiber Utilization

1x2

Splitters

Fiber 1 Fiber 2 Fiber 3 Fiber 4

Distribution

Cable Fiber Continues To Next Tap

Drop

1 Drop

2

Drop

3

Drop

4

Bypass Fibers

Fiber 1 Fiber 2 Fiber 3 Fiber 4

Distribution

Cable

Drop

1

Drop

2

Drop

3

Drop

4

Bypass Fibers

2-Port

Taps

Requires optics to

drive 2 fibers

Requires optics to

drive only 1 fiber

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Centralized Splitter Architecture

Head

End

-

Hub

S

• Architecture popularized by ‘convention wisdom’

– Architecture that is known and offered

– Architecture that is taught at PON/RFoG training

– Comparable to copper telco networks

– CommScope has patent protection on tap architecture

• Material costs higher than tapped architecture until

densities are > 170-350 HP/mi

– Good for high density & inside building / MDU applications

– Prohibitively expensive at low density

Distribution Fiber

Drop Fiber

Access Point

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Centralized Splitter Architecture

Head

End

-

Hub

S

• Variation on previous centralized split architecture

– Less distribution fiber

– Prevents ‘backhauling’ fiber up the distribution fiber route

• Material costs higher than tapped architecture except at

densities > 170-350 HP/mi

– Good for high density & inside building / MDU applications

– Prohibitively expensive at low density

Distribution Fiber

Drop Fiber

Access Point

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2-Port Tap Architecture

• Least drop fiber of all alternatives

• Least material costs

• More taps, more installation locations

Head

End

-

Hub

T T T T T T T T

Distribution Fiber

Drop Fiber

Access Point

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Head

End

-

Hub

T T T T

• Compromise across number of taps, splice intrusion

into distribution fiber, and drop fiber length

• More material costs than 2P tap; less than 8P and

splitters

Distribution Fiber

Drop Fiber

Access Point

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Head

End

-

Hub

T T

• Compromise across number of taps, splice intrusion

into distribution fiber, and drop fiber length

• Good when clusters of houses are served

• More material costs than 2P tap & 4P tap; less than

splitters

Distribution Fiber

Drop Fiber

Access Point

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0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

5 20 40 80 200 500

Density (HP per Mile)

Dro

p F

iber

2P Tap 4P Tap 8P Tap Centralized Split

Drop Fiber Requirements Architecture Comparison

• Model

– 256 HP

– 75’ avg drop length

– Homes equally spaced

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0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

5 20 40 80 200 500


Dro

p F

iber


Drop Fiber Requirements Architecture Comparison

• Model

– 256 HP



Drop Fiber Required vs. 2P Tap Architecture

Density

Density (HP/Mile) 5 20 40 80 200 500

4P Tap 7.7x 2.7x 1.8x 1.4x 1.2x 1.1x

8P Tap 21.1x 6.0x 3.5x 2.3x 1.5x 1.2x

Centralized Split 54.6x 14.4x 7.7x 4.3x 2.3x 1.5x

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Material Cost per Subscriber Architecture Comparison – 256 HP

• Model

– 256 HP



• Costs includes material

– Fiber

– Taps or Splitters

– Splice points

– Cabinets

• Does not include

– HE/Node electronics

– Sub electronics (MN)

– Installation / Labor

$-

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000

5 20 40 80 200 500



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Tap Architecture Summary

• 3 architectures available

– Centralized splitter

– Distributed splitter

– Tap / distributed tap

• Splitter-based architectures are popular because they are well known

and widely available from many vendors

• Tap architectures are less well-known but offer compelling

advantages

• Tap architectures offer more design flexibility to balance optical

budgets among near- and far-end ONUs without sacrificing fiber count

• Splitter architectures can be cost effective for high and very high

subscriber densities

• Tap architectures offer significantly lower costs and better fiber

utilization up to densities in the 170-350 homes passed range

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Hybrid Cables

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Hybrid Cables

Managing the cost of the physical plant transition

• Fiber upgradable, coaxial, HFC plant

• When HFC coax still makes sense but you

know you’ll want fiber in the future

– Initial data customer in a new commercial

serving area

– Commercial data customer that also

requires video

– HFC residential plant… fiber deeper, ever

closer to the home

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Hybrid Cable Strategy

Addresses infrastructure challenges

• A suite of hybrid cable and conduit products that enables a fast, flexible

transition from a traditional HFC (node + X) network to a deep fiber or a fiber-

to-the-user architecture

• Simplifies additional fiber into congested duct space

• Uses microducts in hybrid configurations with hardline coaxial cable to

support future node splits

• Supports embedded fiber home connections for future use with drop coaxial

cables – avoids additional last-mile construction costs

• Reduces an operator’s total installation expenses

• Capable of supporting power requirements beyond nodes and tap

requirements

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• Construction costs 70 - 80% of overall cost of Conduit/Cable installation

• Installation costs are always increasing, while fiber and electronics costs are decreasing…take advantage of one time

•

Hybrid Cables mitigate future cost of fiber installation

Hybrid Cables

Transition of the Physical Plant

Typical Construction costs…

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Cable-in-Conduit

Blow in fiber cable later

Coax with micro-fiber conduit

Splice fiber cable later

Coax with micro-fiber cable

Both because they always seem

to not have enough fiber

Coax & micro-conduit and micro-cable

Example Configurations

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Installations

• No changes in installation

practices

–Trench

–Plow

–Directional Bore

–Aerial

• No changes in tooling required

• Accessories such as couplers

are readily available

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PON Developments, Trends, and Issues

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EPON, GPON, RFoG Architectures

IP video

Voice

GPON OLT

Splitter / Tap

1 n

IP Video

IP Data

VoIP

Computer

IP STB

IP Phone

GPON ONT

Splitter / Tap

EPON OLT

1 n

IP video

Voice

IP Video

IP Data

VoIP

Computer

IP STB

IP Phone

EPON ONT

Splitter / Tap

1 n

RF Video

CM Data

VoIP

Computer

RF STB

IP video

Voice

Edge QAM Cable

Modem

eMTA

Gateway Analog Phone

STB Control

CMTS

RFoG ONU MicroNode

Laser TX EDFA

RRx

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Laser

Transmitter EDFA

Return Path Receiver

Downstream

Video Feed Forward Path

1550 or

1310nm

Hub

Optical

Distribution

Network (6 fibers)

Nodes of 256 - 1000 homes with 4

coax trunks

Return Path

1310 nm

• Migrate to single fiber per node by adding WDM

• Remove amplifiers and RF Taps

• Shrink the HFC node and place one with each subscriber

• Take fiber to each home via taps and splitters

Customer

Premise

Coax with RF amplifiers

and RF taps

W

D

M

Micro

Node

Micro

Node

Micro

Node

Micro

Node

Traditional Node

Passive Fiber

Splitters/Taps

32 Homes per Fiber

Traditional HFC Architecture

Evolved to RFoG Architecture

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Downstream Spectrum

(50 to 1000 MHz)

1550 nm

Subscriber

Tap Tap Tap • • •

•

•

•

1550nm

Transmitter

Analog Return

Receiver

WDM

1610 nm Upstream

R-ONU

Upstream

Spectrum

(5 to 42 MHz)

1610 nm

Location

Tap Tap

EDFA 1:N

Up to 32 Homes

Tap

Subscriber

1310/

1490 nm ONU

Location

1310 nm Upstream

OLT

• Migration to PON uses the

same passive fiber network

• Passives have 1260-1620nm

bandwidth

• PON ONTs connect to the same

fibers as RFoG

• Or by RFoG ONU Pass-through

ONTU

RFoG Migrates to PON

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DPoE

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DPoE Overview

• DOCSIS Provisioning of EPON

–DPoE is a standard developed by CableLabs

• Driven by the MSOs and supported by vendors

–Enables DOCSIS control of the CommScope EPON system

including 3rd party stand-alone and SFP ONUs

–Provides DOCSIS-based flow-through provisioning, CLI

management and maintenance, and IPDR for BSS/OSS

interfaces

–Delivers services and bandwidth beyond RF capabilities

• Ethernet to 1Gbps and 10Gbps symmetrical guaranteed rates

• Voice (VoIP)

• SLA-quality commercial services

• Multi-Port ONUs

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DPoE & Interoperability

• 2 major components of DPoE

– DOCSIS Provisioning – effectively means that the ONU appears like

and can be controlled like a cable modem

– Interoperability – Any DPoE-compliant ONU works with any DPoE-

compliant OLT

• DPoE Interoperability is important outside DOCSIS-based networks

– Network operator is not locked in to a specific vendor

– Enables best-of-breed networks

– Ensures competitive pricing

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DPoE Overview

Two releases of the standard • DPoE v1.0

–Provided basic provisioning and interoperability

–Single-port ONUs definitions only • Multi-port allowed but not defined)

• DPoE v2.0 –Adds functionality to DPoE v1.0

• IPv6

• Multicast

• MEF QoS Parameters (MESP)

• MPLS

• E-LAN, E-Line

–Additional v2.0 features • MEF E-TREE

• Service OA&M

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STB

COAX

CAT5

DPoE Implementation Models

DPoE compatible

ONU

STB

OLT

Prov Svr

STB

COAX

CAT5 DPoE

compatible ONU

STB

OLT

Prov Svr

Distributed Model DPoE Functions reside on OLT

Centralized Model DPoE Functions reside on

separate server

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DPoE BackOffice Transparency

Existing MSO OSS

(Operational Support

Systems)

CMTS

Headend Equipment

Hub / Node COAX

Amplifiers

DPoE System Optical

Splitter

CM

STB

STB

• DPoE enables existing backoffice systems to manage and control the EPON network - in the same way those systems manage and control HFC/DOCSIS networks • Automates service activation • Makes EPON scaleable • Leverages the millions of dollars invested in backoffice software

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DPoE Protocol Flow

Prov CPE CM CMTS

Ranging

CM DHCP Request

DHCP Response

TFTP Config File Request

Config File Download

CM Registration

DHCP Request

Auto-Discover

VCM DHCP Request

DHCP Response

TFTP Config File Request

Config File Download

PON Svc Config

DHCP Request

CPE ONU OLT Prov

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DPoE Objects

Operational Support Systems

DPoE OLT

Optical Splitter DPoE

Compatible ONU

NTP

Syslog

SNMP

Config File

DHCP IP addresses for OLT & CPE (ONUs do not require IP addresses)

Configuration data for services at ONU

Authentication data for ONU

Software

Config image for services at ONU

Timing

Certs

Ad hoc provisioning and monitoring

Event logging

STB

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STB

COAX

CAT5

DPoE Service Definition Points

STB

CommScope DPoE System CommScope or

compatible ONU

QoS

VLAN

MEF

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DPoE Summary

• Enables EPON systems to be DOCSIS-controlled and managed

– Compatible with current MoP for scalable deployments

• Delivers services and bandwidth beyond RF capabilities – Ethernet to 1Gbps and 10Gbps guaranteed rates – SLA-quality commercial services – Broader implementation of Metro-E / Carrier Ethernet services – Multi-Port ONUs – Voice (VoIP)

• Compatible with current cable operator DOCSIS OSS and BSS for flow-through provisioning

• Interoperability offers unique benefits

– Best-of-breed ONUs and OLTs

– On-going Vendor Competition

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Remote OLTs

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Head-End

Video

source

OTx

ORx CMTS

WDM HFC ONU

DSG-STB

TV

Two way RF user

RF Amp

RF Tap

A typical HFC Node

250 ~ 500 homes

Average 500m coaxial cable length

Outdoor-Hardened Enclosure/Electronics

DSG-STB

TV

Two way RF user

1550nm

Fiber

Coax

Electric

Pole

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Paradigm Shift

Replace existing HFC Node with Remote OLT

Reduce CAPEX and OPEX, increase ARPU

Services high density multi dwelling residential areas

Bundling offer: Broadband access with RF service

RFoG/FTTH demand

Head-End

Video

source

OTx

ORx CMTS WDM Remote

OLT

Internet

L3 switch

DSG-STB

TV

Two way RF + Broadband data

PC

4λ ONT

DSG-STB

TV

Two way RF + Broadband data

PC

4λ ONT

1550nm

Electric Pole

Fiber

Coax

Ethernet

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Remote OLT

42

Internet

RF

IP

Router STB

PC

ORX

CMTS

Remote OLT : HFC ONU + RF Overlay

Fiber Coax

UTP

1 RF/4Eth

OTX

Legacy Coax network

Data Center / HE / Hub End Users Access Network

Remote PON OLT or Remote PON OLT + RF/RFoG

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Common Remote OLT Functionality

Category Item Description Remarks

RF section

Tx/EDFA • Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

- Amplify 1550nm optical signal •19 dBm output level

Return Path &

WDM

•Wavelength Division Multiplexing

- RF & Broadband Access •1:4 Mux/Demux

OLT section Remote OLT •8 PON

- 1:64 splitter

•Up to 256 homes @

32 splits

Outdoor Enclosure

•Ruggedized & Harden outdoor box

•Power supply module

- AC: 60~90V 50/60Hz

•1 + 1 Redundancy

•Square wave input

Remote OLT: pre-integration with HFC / RFoG

Node functionality

- Tx/EDFA & WDM

OLT capacity and functionality

- Services up to 512 * RFoG ONU

- 8 PON ports with up to 1:64 splitter

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10G PON

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1G & 10G Topology

Residence

Communications

Entertainment

Residence

Multi-Tenant

Corporate Offices/

Business Parks

Communications

Security

Automation

Optical Splitter

Communications

Entertainment

Communications

Security

Entertainment

Automation

Communications

Security

Automation

ONT

Small Business

SoHo

ONT

ONT

PON OLT

1

32

1

32

ONT

1Gbps EPON

10Gbps EPON

Optical Splitter

W

D

M

ONT

Combined 1G & 10G EPON 1G Services

To Home & Small Business

10G Services To Business

1G EPON

July 16, 2014

1490nm

1310nm

1577nm

1270nm

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10G PON Virtualization

Residence

Communications

Entertainment

Residence

Multi-Tenant

Splitter B

Communications

Entertainment

Communications

Security

Entertainment

Automation

Communications

Security

Automation Small Business

SoHo

ONT

ONT

OLT

ONT

1Gbps EPON

10G

PON W

D

M

ONT

Combined 1G & 10G EPON 1G Services

To Home


1G EPON

1G & 10G PONs deployed independently or over the same fiber infrastructure

10G EPON apps will be geographically diverse in the near term

Leverage 1G PON infrastructure with 10G overlays as needed with virtual PONs

Optimizes 10G OLT economics

Migration to total 10G at head end

W

D

M

W

D

M

1 x n

Combined 1G & 10G EPON

1G Services To Home


Splitter A

Splitter B

10G Optical Budget = 29dB

10G

Virtual

PONs

Splitter

A

Splitter

B Range

1 n/a 1 x 64 20km

2 1 x 2 1 x 32 20km

4 1 x 4 1 x 16 20km

4 1 x 4 1 x 32 10km

1 x n

1 x n

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Co-existence Options

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Thank You

Documents

Considerations and Trends in Transition to FTTx Networks to FTTx - CCTA July 2014.pdf · Considerations and Trends in Transition to FTTx Networks . 2 PT-104190-EN PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL