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Conservation Planning and GIS. Ken Vance-Borland The Conservation Planning Institute. A Burning Question:. Given that money for biodiversity protection is limited, where should it be invested for maximum benefit?. Conservation planning includes five stages. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ConservationConservationPlanning andPlanning and
GISGIS
Ken Vance-BorlandKen Vance-BorlandThe Conservation Planning InstituteThe Conservation Planning Institute
A Burning Question:A Burning Question:
Given that money for biodiversity Given that money for biodiversity protection is limited, where should it protection is limited, where should it be invested for maximum benefit?be invested for maximum benefit?
Conservation planning Conservation planning includes five stagesincludes five stages
1.1. Gathering data on the locations of biodiversity Gathering data on the locations of biodiversity components (species, communities, ecosystems, components (species, communities, ecosystems, processes);processes);
2.2. Assessing the extent to which biodiversity is represented Assessing the extent to which biodiversity is represented in existing protected areas;in existing protected areas;
3.3. Identifying additional areas needed for full biodiversity Identifying additional areas needed for full biodiversity protection;protection;
4.4. Implementing protection of those areas; andImplementing protection of those areas; and
5.5. Monitoring protected areas to assure persistence of Monitoring protected areas to assure persistence of biological diversity over time.biological diversity over time.
Margules and Pressey. 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243-253.Margules and Pressey. 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243-253.
A A Conservation Conservation Plan for the Plan for the
Klamath-Klamath-Siskiyou Siskiyou
EcoregionEcoregionReed F. Noss, James Reed F. Noss, James R. Strittholt, Kenneth R. Strittholt, Kenneth
Vance-Borland, Vance-Borland, Carlos Carroll, and Carlos Carroll, and
Pamela FrostPamela Frost
1999. Natural Areas Journal 19:392-411
The Noss ‘Three-Pronged The Noss ‘Three-Pronged Approach’:Approach’:
Special ElementsSpecial Elements Coarse-filter habitat Coarse-filter habitat
representationrepresentation Focal speciesFocal species
The Noss ‘Three-Pronged The Noss ‘Three-Pronged Approach’:Approach’:
Special ElementsSpecial Elements Coarse-filter habitat Coarse-filter habitat
representationrepresentation Focal speciesFocal species
Mean Annual Mean Annual PrecipitationPrecipitation
Mean Annual Mean Annual TemperatureTemperature
Soil Water-Soil Water-Holding Holding CapacityCapacity
Soil DepthSoil Depth
December-July December-July Precipitation Precipitation
DifferenceDifference
July-January July-January Temperature Temperature
DifferenceDifference
Physical Habitat Physical Habitat TypesTypes
Coastal Moist Fertile Lowlands
High Cold
Coastal Rich LowlandsCoastal Wet FertileCoastal Wet Highlands
Coastal Cool MoistCoastal Warm Moist FertileLow Warm Moist FertileLow Dry FertileHigh Moist FertileLow Warm MoistLow HotLow Fertile
Low ModerateHigh Cool MoistHigh Cool
High Cool Poor
Low Dry CoolLow Warm
The Noss ‘Three-Pronged The Noss ‘Three-Pronged Approach’:Approach’:
Special ElementsSpecial Elements Coarse-filter habitat Coarse-filter habitat
representationrepresentation Focal speciesFocal species
Model Variables•Vegetation size and composition•Roads•Hydrography•Digital elevation, slope, aspect•PRISM mean annual precipitation
Proposed: 80% of public land, 50% of entire region.Reserve design based on high-priority roadless areas, with other areas included for:•G1/G2 element occurrences•Other element occurrence concentrations•Late-seral forests•Connectivity between roadless areas
A Multicriteria A Multicriteria Assessment of Assessment of
the the Irreplaceability Irreplaceability
and and Vulnerability of Vulnerability of
Sites the Sites the Greater Greater
Yellowstone Yellowstone EcosystemEcosystem
Reed Noss, Carlos Carroll, Reed Noss, Carlos Carroll, Ken Vance-Borland, and Ken Vance-Borland, and
George Wuerthner George Wuerthner
2002. Conservation Biology 16(4): 895-908
Grizzly bear (Grizzly bear (Ursus arctosUrsus arctos))
Images: Chuck Rumsey, TNCImages: Chuck Rumsey, TNC
18501850
19701970
www.grizzlybear.orgwww.grizzlybear.org
Wolf (Wolf (Canis lupusCanis lupus))
Images: Nova OnlineImages: Nova Online
U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Wolverine (Wolverine (Gulo guloGulo gulo))
Gerald and Buff CorsiGerald and Buff Corsi
Elk (Cervus elaphus)Elk (Cervus elaphus)
Rocky Mountain Elk FoundationRocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Vegetation-derived variables Topographic variablesGrizzly Bear forage value - seasonal
Elevation
Grizzly Bear forage value - annual SlopeTransformed Aspect
Other biological data Topographic complexityElk winter range Cirque denning habitatBison range
Satellite imagery metrics (MODIS)
Human-impact associated variables
Brightness - July Human population densityGreenness - July Interpolated human population
densityWetness - July Road and trail densityBrightness - November Management statusGreenness - NovemberWetness - November
Climatic variablesAverage annual precipitationAverage annual snowfall
Variables for: *MODIS July brightness and Greenness; November brightness, greenness and wetness *Slope *Elk winter range *Road density*Management class (private, general public, wilderness, or park) *And interactions between road density and management class and between November brightness and wetness.
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# ####
# ### 10 0 10 20 Miles
Biggydem500
Gyarivers.shp
Gyalakes.shp
Sever altowns.shp
Conservation Science Inc.
10 0 10 20 Miles
Biggydem500
Gyarivers.shp
Gyalakes.shp
Se ver altowns.shp
albers
Conservation Science Inc.
Fine Filter EmphasisFine Filter EmphasisSpecial elements: 90-100%Special elements: 90-100%
Biophysical habitats: 15-25%Biophysical habitats: 15-25%Focal species: 30-50%Focal species: 30-50% Focal Species Focal Species
EmphasisEmphasisSpecial elements: 50-100% Special elements: 50-100%
Biophysical habitats: 15-25%Biophysical habitats: 15-25%Focal species: 50-75%Focal species: 50-75%
Coarse Filter Coarse Filter EmphasisEmphasis
Special elements: 50-100% Special elements: 50-100% Biophysical habitats: 35-50%Biophysical habitats: 35-50%
Focal species: 30-50%Focal species: 30-50%
Great Sand Hills Great Sand Hills Regional Regional
Environmental StudyEnvironmental Study
Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, U. of Regina, Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, U. of Regina, U. of Central Florida, U. of Saskatchewan, U. of Central Florida, U. of Saskatchewan,
the Conservation Planning Institute, and othersthe Conservation Planning Institute, and others
Roads Gas well pads Cattle watering holes)
398 instudy area
1244 instudy area
Landcover (grassland) strata
Imp
act
str
ata
Herbaceous Disturbed Juniper Shrubby
Waterholes
Gas pads
Roads
10 i +10 c
30 i +30 c
30 i +30 c
30 i +30 c
30 i +30 c
40 i +40 c
40 i +40 c
40 i +40 c
120 +120
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
10 i +10 c
Totals
i = impact (case) site, c = control (distant from impact) site
Birds and mammals:1. Baird’s sparrow2. Brown-headed cowbird3. Chestnut-collard longspur4. Clay-colored sparrow5. Common nighthawk6. Grasshopper sparrow7. Horned lark8. Long-billed curlew9. Marbled godwit10. Ord’s kangaroo rat11. Savanna sparrow12. Spotted towhee13. Sprague’s pipit14. Upland sandpiper
Rare & Medicinal Plants:15. Beaked annual skeleton-weed16. Chokecherry17. Low milk vetch18. Prairie moonwort19. Six-weeks fescue20. Small lupine21. Smooth arid goosefoot22. Windflower
Exotic Plants:23. Canada thistle24. Crested wheat25. Kentucky bluegrass26. Smooth brome
27. Range health
Species models from the 2006 field data
Less developed
Highly developed
Roads and RAER were used to classify the GSH:• 1.88 km/km2 (mean [1.54] + ½ standard deviation) used to divide the GSH into 2 zones (min size 9-sq mi):
• ‘highly’ developed zone (≥1.88 km/km2)• ‘less’ developed zone (< 1.88 km/km2)
RAER 1.2 km/km2 roads
Road density:
65% 50% 40% 30% 20%
Exploring a range of goals with Marxan
sum runs scores ≥75
60%30%
Epilogue
Our proposal Minister’s recommendation
Paired Study: Paired Study: Queensland and Queensland and
OregonOregon
““The biodiversity planning The biodiversity planning component should be component should be
integrated into an integrated into an implementation framework implementation framework
and not vice versa”and not vice versa”
Cowling and Pressey 2003, Biological Conservation 112:1-13
Current Work: the Paired Study Project
Concluding thoughtsConcluding thoughts Approaches to answering ‘the Approaches to answering ‘the
burning question’ are constantly burning question’ are constantly evolving evolving
Frontiers in conservation science Frontiers in conservation science and planning include:and planning include:
o Freshwater conservationFreshwater conservationo Integrated land-freshwater-sea analysis and Integrated land-freshwater-sea analysis and
planningplanningo Ecosystem services valuation and Ecosystem services valuation and
downstream cost/benefit sharingdownstream cost/benefit sharingo Climate changeClimate changeo Limits to growthLimits to growtho Implementation: the knowing-doing gapImplementation: the knowing-doing gap
Burning Questions?Burning Questions?
Ken Vance-BorlandKen Vance-BorlandThe Conservation Planning InstituteThe Conservation Planning Institute
Corvallis, OregonCorvallis, [email protected]
www.conservationplanninginstitute.orgwww.conservationplanninginstitute.org