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Appendix D
Some Words and Expressions Used to Connect ldeas
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that is used to link sentences,clauses, phrases, or words. Some conjunctions will requirethe use of the subjunctive - in some cases always; in othersonly when there is doubt.
Some common conjunctions are:
*sin que
sinosino que
tan pronto comouna vez quey**ya que
withoutbut. but ratherbut that, but rather thatas soon asonceandsince, seeing that
*a condici6n de que*a fin de que*a menos que*a no ser que
a pesar de quexantes (de) queasf queaun
aun cuandoaunque
cada vez que
como*como si*con tal (de) que
cuandode manera quede modo que
desde que
despu6s de que*en caso de queen cuantohasta que
luego que
mientras*mientras quemientras tantoni... nini siquierao****para que
pero
por miis que
porquepuesto queque
si
siempre que
sin embargo
on condition that, provided thatso that, in order thatunless
unless
in spite ofbeforeas soon aseven, stilleven wheneven if, even though, althougheach time thatos, sinceas tfprovided thatwhenso, so that, in such a way thatso, so that, in such a way thatsinceaJierin case thatas soon as
untilas soon as, afterwhilewhile, so long as, as long asmeanwhileneither.. .nornot even
orso that, in order thatbutno matter how, however muchbecause
since, inasmuch as, seeing thatthatif, whetherwheneve4 provided thatnevertheless, however
*always fbllowed by the subjunctive**when followed by a word that begins with i or hi, use einstead ot y (padre e hijo)'F)F*when followed by a word that begins with o or fto, user.r instead of o (septiembre u octubre)
Connecting words and expressions
The following words and expressions allow you to connectyour thoughts and show the relationship between ditferentparts of a sentence. The lists are by no means exhaustive,but they will help you to connect ideas, to summarize, toemphasize, and so on. Leaming them will enrich yourvocabulary and help you to speak and write more fluently.
1. To begin to introduce an idea, you may use thefollowing:
a partir de
al * infrnitive
al principiocomo punto de
partidaen primer lugarpara empezar
2. To add another idea, or ifyou are telling a story andwant to add the next step or express sequence (ideasthat were taking place before, after, or at the same time),you may use the following:
a la (misma)'vezadem6s
ahora mismoal mismo tiempoantes de * infinitivecon respecto a
beginning withupon (action): .fbr example,
upon learning: al sabe4uPon leaving : al salif etc.
at the beginningus a point of departure
in the first placeto begin
at the same timebesides, furthermoreright nowat the same timebefore (action)with respect to, regarding
Appendix D 283
de antemanode aqui (ahora, hoy)
en adelantedentro de pocohace pocodespuds de *
infinitiveduranteen cuantoen la actualidadentonceshasta el momento,
la fechahoy dfaluegomientrasmientras tantopara continuarprimerotambi6ntampocotan pronto como
v
beforehand, in advance
from now on
shortly, in a short whilea short while agoafter (action)
duringas soon as
presentlythenuntil now
nowadaysthen, Later
whilemeanwhileto continue
Jirstulsoneithen not...eitheras soon as
and
To emphasize, you
a mi parecerademiis
de hechoen otras palabrasen realidades decirhay que tomar en
cuenta que
lo importante es que
lo que importa es que
o sea
sin dudasobre todo
6. To give examples, you
para ilustrarpor ejemplo
1.
a causa de
a tin de cuentas
al final frn y al cabo
al pareceras( que
comocomo consecuenciacomo resultadode todos modosdebido aen conclusi6nen definitiva
en finen resumenen resumidas cuentas
en todo caso
finalmentepara concluirpara resumirpara terminarporpor consiguientepor ese motivopor finpor lo mismopor lo tantoporquepuesto que
ya que
may use the following:
in my opinion
furthe rmo re, in additionin fact, as a matter of factin other wordsttctually, in factthat is to say, in other wordsone must realize (take into
tuccount) thatwhat is important is thatwhat matters is thatthet is to scty, in other wordswithout a doubtabove all
may use the fbllowing:
to illustrate
Jbr example
5.
To draw a conclusion or show cause and effect, youmay use the following:
3. To express a contrasting point of view or to restrictanother one previously expressed, you may use thefbllowing:
a pesar de (que)
aunquecomode lo contrariode ninguna manera
en cambioperopor eUal contrariosin embargosinosino que
asi que
con relaci6n a
con respecto a
conviene indicar/sefralar
de ese modode modo/manera que
en cuanto a
hablando de
no... sino (que)por lo comrinpor lo generalpor otro ladopor un ladotambidn viene al caso
in spite of (the fact that)aLthough
as, in as much as
otherwiseby no means
on the other handhuton the contraryhowever, neverthelessbutbut rather
so, thereforein relation towith respect toit is suitable to indicate/point out
in that way, so
so (that)regard.ing
speaking of, in reference tonot...but ratheras a rule, usuallygenerallyon the other handon the one handit is also to the point
on account of, because ofin the end, t{ter allJinally, at last, in the endin the end, c{ter all
(is said and done)d p pa re nt b), s e e min g L1t
so, thereforebecause
as a consequence
as a result0t any rate, anyhowowing to, because ofin c:onclusion
in conc Lusion, deJinitively,
finullyfinally, in shortin summaryin shortin any case
finallyto concludeto summarizeto endbecause oftherefore
for that reason
Jinallv, at Last
for the same reasont he refo re, c ons e que ntlybecause
since, inasmuch as,
seeing thatsince, seeing that
4. To present different aspects of a topic or to maketransitions, you may use the following:
I
(
(
l((
E
E
E
I\P
T
I1(
D
284 Appendix D