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engl 103 7:00 - 8:30 mw ..grab a copy ...thanks
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• At the dog show the woman in the purple dress waits beside her dog.
DOG SHOW AT THE
PURPLE DRESS
THE WOMAN
HER DOG.
BESIDE WAITS
IN THE
•A phrase is a group of
related words that function
as a unit (as modifier or
noun). A phrase lacks a
subject, predicate, or both.
DEFINITION
TYPES OF
PHRASES
• consists of a preposition (in, on, under,
over, beside, etc.) , a noun, or a pronoun
called the object of the preposition, as
well as any modifiers of the object.
1. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
During the rodeo, the bull became belligerent.
Lauren is extremely angry about the parking ticket.
Functions as:
• an adjective when it modifies a noun or
pronoun.
1.1 ADJECTIVE
It is also telling WHAT KIND or WHICH ONE
Each of the dancers won an award.
I kept a written account of my travels.
. The chair in the corner is wobbly. (Which
chair?) describes the SUBJECT chair
We flew a plane with twin engines. (What
kind of plane?) describes the DIRECT OBJECT
plane
I set my cousin in Davao some photographs of
us. (Which cousin?)INDIRECT OBJECT cousin.
The dictator declares himself a president in
life.(Which kind of president?) OBJECT
COMPLEMENT president
an adverb when it modifies a
verb, adjective or another
adverb by pointing out where,
when, in what manner or to
what extent.
1.2 ADVERB
Kathy was nervous during her interview.
Last year I worked as a clown in the circus.
We sat on the park bench. (Sat where?)
I will leave in one hour. (Will leave
when?)
He talked with me. (Talked in what
matter?)
Except for the order, the quilt was
finished. (Was finished to what extent?)
How does the placement of the
prepositional phrase affect the
meaning of this sentence?
• At the dog show the woman waits
beside her dog in the purple
dress.
TAKE NOTE:
• At the dog show the
woman in the purple
dress waits beside her
dog.
HOW COULD THE POSITION OF THE
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE BE CHANGED
TO MAKE THE MEANING CLEAR?
Identify the prepositional phrase, along
with the word it modifies.
•A news conference occurred on January
13, 1999.
• Michael Jordan said he was retiring
from the Chicago Bulls.
• The book on the bathroom floor is
swollen from shower steam.
• The sweet potatoes in the vegetable
bin are green with mold.
• The dance club on Main Street holds
a contest every weekend.
• Some of the competitors dance
professionally.
• The graceful champion dives into the
pool.
He opened it extremely easily.
I'll do it quite soon.
I ran so fast.
He was quite unexpectedly kind.
They are really enthusiastic.
The unusually tall boy.
ADVERBIAL & ADJECTIVAL
PHRASE
• is a noun or pronoun placed near another
noun or pronoun to explain or identify it. It
includes with the appositive all of the
words or phrases that modify it.
2. APPOSITIVE PHRASES
My favorite pasttime, cow tipping, often
results in dirty shoes.
My uncle, a mediocre chef, is no Julia
Childs, since he often drops his cigar ashes
into the food he is preparing.
• We visited Boston Harbor, the site of the
Boston Tea Party.
• The Kenai Peninsula is the home of the
Alaskan moose, the largest deer in the
world.
• A great speaker, Thomas Paine inspired
the colonists to resist the British.
• are verb forms that function as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. There are three types of verbal phrases: participles, gerunds, and infinitives.
3. VERBAL PHRASES
• functions as an adjective and can take four forms:
present, past, perfect and passive perfect. It
consists of the participle, its modifiers and
complements. It is a word ending in -ing or in -ed
that helps describe something.
3.1 PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
Present:
Competing in the race, the athlete felt a surge of adrenaline.
Past:
Bothered by her husband’s snoring, the woman kicked the poor man.
Perfect:
Having typed the paper, the student was finally able to relax.
Passive Perfect:
The police officer, having been threatened by the suspect, called for
assistance.
Some participles are formed from
irregular verbs.
Past form of irregular verb:
Swept away by the storm, the building’s roof was severely destroyed.
The old toy, forgotten in a corner, was destined for the garage sale box.
• He fell to the ground, exhausted.
• Stumbling, the player dropped the ball.
• The ball dropped by Martin went out of
bounds.
• The blooming honeysuckle attracts bees.
• Animals living in Antarctica make their
homes along the coast.
• An enormous icicle broken into several
pieces lay on the sidewalk.
PRACTICE:
•A phrase in the wrong
place is known as a
misplaced modifier
or dangling participle.
TAKE NOTE:
•A gerund is a verbal that always ends in –ing. It is used in almost every way that a noun can be used: subject, direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, object of a preposition, appositive. It consists of the gerund, its modifiers and complements.
3.2 GERUND PHRASES
Appositive:
My favorite pastime, listening to cds, doesn’t require
much thought.
Predicate Nominative:
Her greatest flaw is being a perfectionist.
Direct Object:
My brother finished watering the lawn.
Subject:
Piercing her ear 100 times was a decision Ruby came to regret.
• Exercising regularly is important to your
health. Subject
• My brother likes working at the travel agency.
Direct Object
• Walter Mitty daydreamed of being a
courageous pilot. Object of Preposition
• An excellent way to build vocabulary is reading
good literature. Pred. Nom.
• He gave studying chemistry all his attention.
Indirect Object
You can learn a lot from studying.
You could hear laughing all the way
down the hall.
Laura enjoyed vacationing in
Michigan.
LET’S PRACTICE
• An infinitive is a verb form that usually
begins with the word “to”. It can function as
an adjective, noun or adverb.
3.3 INFINITIVE PHRASES
Noun:
I like to scuba dive in the bathtub.
Adjective:
His effort to convince me to buy swampland in
Louisiana was a failure.
Adverb:
He was too silly to be easily understood.
• Used as a Noun:
To finish homework is our plan. Subject
Julia wants to go to the beach with us on Sunday. D.O.
Mike plans to give homework more attention. InD. O.
Janetta’s plan is to make ten bracelets before
Christmas. Pred. Nom.
• Used as an Adjective:
Napoleon’s plan to conquer Europe failed.
• Used as an Adverb:
Because of his sprained ankle, Chico was unable to
play in the game.
• is a group of words consisting of a noun or pronoun and a participle as well as any related modifiers.
• they modify the entire sentence, adding information. They are always treated as parenthetical elements and are set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma or a pair of commas (sometimes by a dash or pair of dashes).
• contain a subject (which is often modified by a participle), but not a true verb.
4. ABSOLUTE PHRASES
The absolute phrase may appear at the end of a sentence:
The hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack, breaths gathering in the frosty air .
The absolute phrase may also appear at the beginning of the sentence:
Breaths gathering in the frosty air , the hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack.
And occasionally an absolute phrase is positioned between the subject and verb:
The hunters, breaths gathering in the frosty air, rested for a moment in front of the shack.
More examples:
•The season being over, they were mobbed by fans in Times Square.
•The old firefighter stood over the ruins, eyes watering from the intense smoke.
•“Miss Piggy, Kermit’s girlfriend, won first prize, a pot-bellied pig.
• His subordinates, their faces streaked and smudged with ash, leaned heavily against the fire truck.
includes a noun—a person, place, or
thing—and the modifiers—either
before or after—which distinguish it.
optional modifier(s) + noun +
optional modifier(s)
Noun phrases function as subjects,
objects, and complements:
5. NOUN PHRASES
The shoplifted pair of jeans caused Nathaniel
so much guilt that he couldn't wear them.
The shoplifted pair of jeans = subject.
Jerome adopted a cat that refused to meow.
A cat that refused to meow = direct object.
With her love of Shakespeare and knowledge of
grammar, Jasmine will someday be a great
English teacher.
A great English teacher = subject
complement.
a multi-word verb, to express
more nuanced action or
condition. A verb phrase can have
up to four parts.
auxiliary verb(s) + main verb +
verb ending when necessary
6. VERB PHRASES
Mom had just cleaned the refrigerator
shelves when Lawrence knocked over
the pitcher of orange juice.
Sarah should have been writing her
research essay, but she couldn't resist
another short chapter in her Stephen
King novel.
If guests are coming for dinner, we
must wash our smelly dog!
• A phrase is a group of words that
functions as a single part of
speech.
•A phrase doesn’t have both a
subject and a verb, so it is never
a complete sentence.
REVIEW:
• Prepositional Phrases
Adverbial Phrase
Adjective Phrase
• Appositive Phrases
• Verbal Phrases
Participial Phrase (Adjective)
Gerund Phrase (noun)
Infinitive Phrase ( “to” + verb
• Absolute Phrases
• Verb Phrases
• Noun Phrase
TYPES OF PHRASES
• Identify the phrase in each of the following
sentences:
NOW YOU TRY
Drinking cold lemonade refreshed me.
The computer needs to be repaired.
You will find the assignment on the board.
Having blocked a punt, the Rams recovered the ball.
Mrs. Phelps, our neighbor, is very noisy.
THANK YOU &
GOD BLESS US
ALL…..