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CONNECTINGTHE DOTS
Philip J. Leaf, Ph.D.Professor
Johns Hopkins BloombergSchool of Public Health
Special ThanksPatrick Chaulk – Annie E. Casey FoundationLarke Huang – Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services AdministrationRosemary King Johnston – Maryland Governor’s
Office for ChildrenAlan Levitt - Office of National Drug Control
PolicyGreta Massetti – Centers for Disease Control
and PreventionAbel Ortiz – Annie. E. Casey FoundationKen Thompson - Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration
Special ThanksCatherine Bradshaw
Lee Bone
Jill Williams
Ayzha Corbett
Special Thanks• Freya Sonenstein Andrea Alexander• Abel Ortiz Lee Bone• Keva White Elise Pas• Sarah Lynne Catherine Bradshaw• Makeba Massey Amy Daniels• Pat Chaulk Jessica Ruglis
Youth Violence DataPhysical fights (12 months preceding survey)• 35.5% of all students reported being in a physical
fight (44.4% of males; 26.5% of females)• 12.4% of students reported being in a physical
fight on school property.Property Crimes• 27.1% of students reported having property
stolen or deliberately damaged on school property.
School Avoidance Due to Safety Fears (30 days preceding survey)
• 5.5% of students did not go to school on one or more days because they felt unsafe at school or on their way to or from school.
*Data from 2007 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a representative sample of youth in grades 9-12
Youth Violence DataCarrying Weapons (30 days preceding survey)• 18.0% of students reported carrying a weapon
(gun, knife or club) on one or more days • 5.2% of students carried a gun on one or more
days• 5.9% of students reported carrying a weapon
(gun, knife or club) on school property on one or more days
Suicide (12 months preceding survey)• 14.5% of students had seriously considered
attempting suicide • 6.9% of students had attempted suicide one or
more times*Data from 2007 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a representative sample of youth in grades 9-12
Juvenile Arrests Data• Juveniles account for 16% of all violent crime
arrests and 26% of all property crime arrests1
• Numbers of juvenile arrested in 20071:
– 57,650 for aggravated assault– 3,580 for forcible rape– 1,350 juveniles were arrested for murder
• Gang Activity2
– An estimated 788,000 gang members and 27,000 gangs were active in the United States
1Puzzanchera, 2009
2Data from 2007 National Youth Gang Survey, nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies
Substance UseAlcohol• 44.7% of students had had at least one
drink of alcohol on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
• 23.8% of students had drunk alcohol (other than a few sips) for the first time before age 13 years.
• 26.0% of students had had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (i.e., within a couple of hours) on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.
*Data from 2007 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a representative sample of youth in grades 9-12
Substance UseMarijuana• 19.7% of students had used marijuana
one or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
• 8.3% of students had tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 years.
Inhalants• 13.3% of students had sniffed glue,
breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high one
*Data from 2007 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a representative sample of youth in grades 9-12
Mortality and InjuryData for persons ages 10 to 24• Homicide is the leading cause of death for
African Americans• Homicide is the 2nd leading cause of death
for Hispanics• Homicide is the 3rd leading cause of death
for Asian/Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Alaska Natives.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Youth Violence: Facts at a Glance, Summer 2009.
Mortality and InjuryData for persons ages 10 to 24• 5,958 young people were murdered in
2006 – an average of 16 each day • 87% (5,159) of homicide victims were
male and 13% (799) were female• 84% of homicide victims were killed with a
firearm• Over 631,000 violence-related injuries in
young people were treated in U.S. emergency rooms in 2007
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Youth Violence: Facts at a Glance, Summer 2009.
What’s Your Vision?
Meeting Objectives: Identify specific actions for next 18
months to:
Facilitate federal, state, and local efforts to maximize the use of effective strategies to prevent drug use, violence, mental health and behavioral problems, and academic failure for children and youth and to promote positive development
Meeting Objectives: Identify specific actions for next 18
months to:
Increase the number of children, youth, and families benefitting from effective prevention/promotion programs and practices
Enhance organizational and individual capacities to deliver/sustain effective programs, practices, and policies
Frameworks• Macro Level: Societal and Systems level
including societal attitudes, social policies, and economic strategies
• Organizational Level:
• Individual Level:
Using a Theory of Change to Guide Service Planning and Delivery
ImplementationOf
Services
ConceptualizationAnd
Operationalization
Assumption: The degree of overlap between the two Process contributes to culturally competent services
Interventions Alone Are Not the Solution
Interventions Alone Are Not the Solution
• Public Policy and Financial Incentives
• Organizational Capacity to Implement and Support Efforts
• High Quality and Adequate Quantity of Interventions/Supports Delivered when and where needed
Also Not Part of the SolutionAlso Not Part of the Solution
• A unique surveillance process for every community
• A different set of indicators for every program
• Every sector convening its own multiagency planning process
• Discontinuities between what we know works and what is experienced by most children, youth, and families
Our Part of the SolutionOur Part of the Solution
• Begin identifying what can have the greatest impact on prevention of drug use, mental illnesses, violence, and other unwanted behaviors and maximum promotion of positive development
• Identification how we can achieve our objectives
• Begin today to connect the dots