Concrete Thinking for a Sustainable World

Concrete’s Durability and Energy-Efficiency Help the Environment

Our Discussion

A Snapshot of Sustainable Development How Concrete Creates Sustainability Environmentally-Responsible

Manufacturing A Comparison with other Building Materials

Population vs. Consumption

United StatesOther G7 countriesRest of the world

Population Energy Consumption

Energy Demand of Buildings

Residential Bldgs

Commercial Bldgs

Industry

Transportation

21%

18%

35%

26%

United States

Other G7 countries

Rest of the worldUS buildings use almost 10% of the world’s energy!

9.75%

A Snapshot ofSustainable Development

Sustainable Development – The ability to build the facilities and structures we need today without depleting resources for the future

A Balance of Environmental issues Economic issues Social and safety issues Long-term view

Do not create “environmental debt”

TomorrowToday

SocialEnvironment

EconomicEconomic

GlobalGlobal RegionalRegional

LocalLocal

“Triple Bottom Line”

Green Building

Government, business quickly adapting green building methods

Demonstrate the efficient use of energy, water and materials

Limit impact on outdoor environment Provide a healthier indoor environment

LEED Certification

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

Building design and development certification program to measure: Sustainability Waste efficiency Energy and atmosphere Materials and resources Innovation and design

Developing as “Green Building” standard

Concrete’s Enduring Benefits

Helps architects, engineers and builders balance environmental responsibility with development needs The most widely used building material on the planet Easy-to-use and versatile Abundant and readily available

The Difference BetweenConcrete and Cement

Cement is an ingredient of concrete Concrete includes cement, water, sand,

and gravel or crushed stone Cement is the “glue” that

holds the mix together

Concrete Components

Other materials are locally sourced and

require very little energy to obtain

Cement

WaterAir

Sand And

Gravel

Cement comprises only a portion Cement comprises only a portion (about 10 to 12%) of concrete(about 10 to 12%) of concrete

A “Cradle to Grave” Perspective

View strengths of product from life-cycle perspective Material acquisition Manufacture Construction Operational performance Reuse and recycling

The long-term benefits of concrete compare favorably to initial resource requirements

Occupancy Heating

and cooling Everyday

activities Replacement

items• Roof• Major appliances• Siding, windows

Material Material ManufacturingManufacturing

ConstructionConstruction

MaintenanceMaintenance

DemolitionDemolition

DisposalDisposal

OccupancyOccupancy

House Life Cycle

The Life-Cycle ofBuilding Materials

Embodied energy for materials acquisition, manufacturing and construction accounts for < 2% of total energy

Occupant energy-use accounts for 98% of life-cycle energy

Three PrimaryEnvironmental Benefits

Durability Does not rust, rot or burn Long-term environmental benefits greatly outweigh

environmental cost of manufacture Energy-efficiency

Not subject to temperature swings and leakage, reducing heating and cooling costs

Recycling

High Performance Concrete Walls

Reduce typical heating and cooling costs by up to 25%

Why they work High insulation value Low infiltration Thermal mass

Three PrimaryEnvironmental Benefits

Durability Does not rust, rot or burn Long-term environmental benefits greatly

outweigh environmental cost of manufacture

Energy-efficiency Not subject to temperature swings and

leakage, reducing heating and cooling costs

Recycling Concrete can contain recycled materials,

reducing industrial by-products

Concrete at Work:A Case Study

Fisher Pavilion, Seattle Center, Seattle, WA: Exhibition Hall hosts more than 250k annual visitors

Concrete used for nearly 90% of facility Pavilion buried on three sides – Concrete eliminates large

temperature swings• Energy costs are more than 20% below industry standards

Referred to as a “1,000-year building” One of the Top Ten Green Projects of 2003

• LEED certified

Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing

Priorities Minimize emissions and waste Improve energy efficiency Ensure product quality

Emissions Reduction

Cement industry was one of the first to address emissions

33% reduction of CO2 since 1975 Voluntarily commitment to reduce emissions

10% from 1990 baseline levels by 2020 Active participants in EPA’s Climate Wise

program, Climate VISION U.S. efforts have been incorporated globally

Focus of Emissions Reduction

Incorporate new technologies Improve product formulation Develop new applications

Improving Product Formulation

Two major ingredients driving sustainability Limestone – New guidelines produce annual benefits

• Reduction in raw materials use of 1.6 million tons• Reduction in energy use of over 11.8 trillion BTUs• Reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of over 2.5 million tons

Cement kiln dust• 8 million tons, more than 75% of available CKD

Ensures product quality while creating efficiencies

Depending on application, many materials can be used

Foundry sand Mill scale Fly ash Lime sludge

Improving Product Formulation

Material Acquisition

A Comparison withOther Building Materials

Material Acquisition Study

Reputable research from Canadian wood industry

Compared three building materials Wood (logging) Steel (iron ore mining) Concrete (aggregate quarrying)

Materials Acquisition Phase

Weighing the environmental impact of resource extraction

Extent Intensity Duration Significance

Concrete Low to moderate

Moderate to high

Moderate Low

Iron Ore Very low to low High High Very low

Wood High to very high

Moderate Variable, complex

High

Impact Index

Concrete Steel Wood

1.50 2.25 2.5

Report Highlights

Concrete has a lower impact than that of other construction materials

Resource depletion is not an issue for cement and concrete

Impacts associated with extraction are the greatest for wood

Our Commitment toEnvironmental Stewardship

Building upon our legacy A focus on continuous improvement Innovation and education