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ConcertoRitornello and Beyond
Ritornello
• Main body is a melodic block also called the ritornello.
• The ritornello alternates with passages of a more transitional character.
• The transitional passages are written for the soloist(s).
• Returns of the ritornello are in various keys, and may be incomplete or fragmentary.
a b c c
b c
Solo 1 Solo 2
Solo 3 Solo 4
Vivaldi: Violin Concerto in G, I
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, I
• Solo instruments: Flute, Violin, Harpsichord
• Large-scale Ritornello form with extended cadenza for harpsichord.
R11 2 3
I
R21
V
R32
V
R42
vi
R52
I
R61
V
R71 2
I
R82
I
R91 2 3
I
Central Solo
iii
Cadenza
V - I
1 9 19 20 29 31 40 42 59 61
71
101 102 121 125 137 138 154
219
Double-Exposition Sonata Form
• Two Expositions
• Orchestra alone in first exposition
• Remains in tonic key throughout
• Usually has its own array of S themes
• Soloist enters for second exposition
• Modulates to the secondary key
• Solo instrument usually has its own S theme
Double-Exposition Sonata Form
• Development as in any other sonata form
• A single recapitulation, usually a blend of materials from both expositions
• Before 1K, there is an improvised cadenza
• The orchestra finishes alone
P T 1S K P T 2S K
P T 1S K2S
I I I I V
I
Exposition 1 (Orchestra) Exposition 2 (Orchestra & Soloist)
Cadenza
Recapitulation
Development
Mozart and J.C. Bach
• The form and style of the Mozartean concerto was strongly influenced by Johann Christian Bach, Sebastian’s youngest son.
• Mozart was J.C. Bach’s protége during his first London trip of 1764; both his symphonic and concerto styles were based on Bach’s models.
J.C. Bach
• Klavier Concerto in B-flat Major, Op. 13, No. 4
1P1
1T13
1S18
K30
R1
1P34
1T46
2S51
2T(1P)58
3S73
3T81
S1
Tran74
R2 S2 R3 S3
1P94
4S113
N121
1S139
Cadenza (Retransition)152
1P153
2S170
1T165
2T(1P)181
3S196
2S200
1P217
R4 S4
R5 S5 R6 S6 R7
I I I V
v I
V
II
Exposition #1 Exposition #2
Development
Recapitulation
Piano Concerto K. 476
• Mozart’s Treatment of Double-Exposition Sonata Form
1P1
T12
1S28
1P36
1K52
2K(1P)64
Tran74
1P80
~2P91
N109
2S128
1P194
1K205
Tran216
R1 S1 R2 S2 R3
I I I I v V
Exposition #1 Exposition #2
Development
223
S3
1P274
T297
2S313
1S351
1S355
2K(1P)384
T397
2K(1P)409
R4 S4 R5 S5 R6 S6 R7
Cadenza396
Recapitulation
I IV I I