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Concept Modeling
Chapter 6
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Training Manual
Concept Modeling
Contents
• Concept Modeling
• Creating Line Bodies
• Modifying Line Bodies
• Cross Sections
• Cross Section Alignment
• Cross Section Offset
• Surfaces From Lines
• Edge Joints
• Workshop 6-1, Line and Surface Bodies
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Concept Modeling
Concept Modeling
• The features in the Concept menu are used to create and modify line bodies and/or surface bodies which become FE beam or shell models.
• To begin Concept Modeling, you can either:– Create line or surface bodies using the features in the Draw toolbox to
design a 2D sketch and/or generate a 3D model– Use the Import external geometry file feature
• Line bodies can be created using the concept modeling tools:– Lines from points– Lines from sketches– Lines from edges
• Surface bodies can be created using the concept modeling tools:– Surfaces from lines– Surfaces from sketches
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Concept Modeling
Creating Line Bodies
• Lines From Points:– Points can be any 2D sketch points, 3D model vertices or
Point Feature (PF) points. – A point segment is a straight line connecting two selected
points. – The feature can produce multiple Line Bodies, depending on
the connectivity of the chosen point segments. – The Operation field allows Add or Add Frozen choices for
line bodies.
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Concept Modeling
Creating Line Bodies…
Example of “Line From Points” using 2d points from a rectangular sketch.
2 points are chosen to define a diagonal line body. The green line indicates proposed line segment.
Apply the selection then Generate. The Line body is displayed in blue.
Point 1
Point 2
Line Body
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Concept Modeling
Creating Line Bodies…
• Lines From Sketches:– Line bodies created based on sketches and planes from faces– Multiple Line Bodies may be created depending on the connectivity of
the edges within the base objects– Select sketches or planes in the feature tree then “Apply” in the detail
window– Multiple sketches, planes, and combinations of sketches and planes
can be used as the base object for the creation of line bodies
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Concept Modeling
Creating Line Bodies…
Example of “Lines From Sketches”.
Sketch created as input for Line Body creation.
“Lines From Sketches” is chosen:
• Highlight sketch in tree
• Apply as base object in Detail window
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Concept Modeling
Creating Line Bodies…
• Lines From Edges:– Creates line bodies based on existing 2D and 3D model edges– Can produce multiple line bodies depending on the connectivity of the
selected edges and faces– Can select edges and/or faces through two fields in the detail window
then “Apply”
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Concept Modeling
Creating Line Bodies…
Example of “Lines From Edges”. 3D solid created as input for Line Body creation.
“Lines From Edges” is chosen:
• Select faces on model. Face boundaries will become line bodies (alternately select 3d edges directly).
• Apply as base object in Detail window
• Note: in this case 2 line bodies are created due to the edge connectivity.
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Concept Modeling
Modifying Line Bodies
• Split Line Body:– Splits line body edges into two pieces– Split location is controlled by the Fraction property (e.g. 0.5 = split in
half). – Example:
Selected line Fraction = 0.5 Fraction = 0.25
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Concept Modeling
Cross Sections
• Cross Sections:– Cross sections are attributes assigned to line bodies to define beam
properties in the FE simulation– In DM, cross sections are represented by sketches and are controlled
by a set of dimensions
• Note: DesignModeler uses a different coordinate system for cross sections than the one used in the ANSYS environment (described later)
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Concept Modeling
Cross Sections…
• Cross sections are selected from the Concept menu
• A cross section branch is inserted in the tree where each chosen cross section is listed
Concept menu
Display Tree
Cross Section menu
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Concept Modeling
Cross Sections…
• Highlight the cross section in the Tree to modify dimensions in the Details window
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Concept Modeling
Cross Sections…
• Dimension Editing
– Cross section dimensions can be repositioned via a RMB and choosing Move Dimensions
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Concept Modeling
Cross Sections…
• Assigning a cross section to a line body:– Highlight the line body in the Tree– A cross section property appears in the detail window– Click in this field and choose the desired cross section from the drop
down list
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Concept Modeling
Cross Sections…
• A user integrated section can be defined in DM
• The cross section is not sketched, rather the cross section’s properties are placed in the details window
• A = Area of section.
• Ixx = Moment of inertia about the x axis.
• Ixy = Product of inertia.
• Iyy = Moment of inertia about the y axis.
• Iw =Warping constant.
• J = Torsional constant.
• CGx = X coordinate of centroid.
• CGy = Y coordinate of centroid.
• SHx = X coordinate of shear center.
• SHy = Y coordinate of shear center.
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment
• As shown below in DesignModeler the cross section lies in the XY plane:
• Cross section alignment is defined by:– A local or cross section +Y direction
• Default alignment is with the global +Y direction unless that would result in an invalid alignment in which case +Z is used
– Note: In the ANSYS Classic Environment, the cross section lies in the YZ plane and uses the X direction as the edge tangent. This difference in orientation has no bearing on the analysis.
Y
Edge Tangent
Cross Section
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
• A color code is used to indicate cross section status for line bodies:– Violet: no cross section assigned– Black: cross section assigned with valid alignment– Red: cross section assigned with invalid alignment
• The line body icons in the tree have similar visual aids:– Green: cross section assigned with valid cross section alignment– Yellow: no cross section assigned or default alignment– Red: invalid cross section alignment
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
• Checking alignment can be done graphically using the View menu:– Choose “Show Cross Section Alignments”
• Green arrow = +Y, blue arrow = edge tangent of cross section– Or choose “Cross Section Solids”
Edge Tangent
+Y
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
• Because a default alignment is chosen cross section orientation will almost always need to be modified. There are 2 methods for cross section alignment, selection and vector:– The selection method uses existing geometry (edges, points, etc.) as
alignment reference– The vector method uses input according to X, Y, Z coordinate
directions
• For either method a rotation angle can be input and/or the orientation reversed
Selection Method Vector Method
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
• Modifying the cross section orientation by vector:
Switch to “Vector” alignment mode
Enter the desired coordinate values
Enter rotation angle if desired
Reverse orientation if
desired
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
• Modifying the cross section orientation by selection (several examples follow):
1. Select the line body to be aligned in graphics window
2. With “Selection”method active click in the alignment field
3. Select the geometry to be used for alignment
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
Alignment using lines or axes.
Line chosen for alignment
Axis chosen for alignment
Edge Tangent
Y
Edge Tangent
Y
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
Alignment using face normal.
Alignment Faces
Y
Edge Tangent
Edge Tangent
Y
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Alignment…
Alignment using sketch points.
Note: the order of point selection determines cross section alignment.
Selected Line Body
2D points
Y
Edge Tangent
1
2
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Offset
• Cross Section Offset:– After assigning a cross section to a line body, the Detail property
allows users to specify the type of offset to use with the cross section:
• Centroid: The cross section is centered on the line body according to its centroid (default)
• Shear Center: The cross section is centered on the line body according to its shear center
– Note the graphical display for centroid and shear center appear the same however, when analyzed, the shear center is used
• Origin: The cross section is not offset and is taken exactly as it appears in its sketch
• Examples next page
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Concept Modeling
Cross Section Offset…
Centroid/Shear Center offset
Origin offset (no offset)
Line Body with cross section displayed
Line Body
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Concept Modeling
Surfaces From Lines
• Surfaces From Lines:– Creates surface body using line body edges as the boundary– Line body edges must form non-intersecting closed loops– Each closed loop creates a frozen Surface Body– The loops should form a shape such that a simple surface can be
inserted into the model:
• Planes, cylinders, tori, cones, spheres and simple twisted surfaces
Planar surface Twisted surface
Details window:
• Flip surface normals
• Input thickness which will be transferred to the FE model
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Concept Modeling
Surfaces From Lines…
• Notes on surface from lines:– A line body with no cross section can be used to tie together surface
models. In this case the line body acts merely as a mechanism to insure a continuous mesh at the surface boundaries.
Line Body (no cross section) Result is continuous FE mesh at surface interface
2 Surface Bodies
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Concept Modeling
Surfaces From Sketches
• Surfaces From Sketches:– Creates surface bodies using sketches as boundaries (single or
multiple sketches are OK)– Base sketches must be closed profiles which are not self intersecting– May choose to “Add” or “Add Frozen” operations– Can reverse normal direction “No” in orient with plane normal field– Can enter thickness which will be used in creating the FE model
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Concept Modeling
Surfaces From Sketches . . .
2 ways to identify sketch for operation
Click in the “Base Objects” field
Select the desired sketch from the tree then “Apply”
Select a portion of the desired sketch in the graphics window then “Apply”
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• Edge Joints are the glue that holds together surface bodies that have been joined and concept models where beams and surfaces connect. Each time you create a Joint, Lines From Edges, or Surfaces From Lines feature, edge joints are implicitly created in DM
Concept Modeling
Edge Joints
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• Edge Joints can be viewed by turning on the Edge Joints option in the View menu:
• Edge joints are displayed in either blue or red.
– Blue: edge joint is contained in properly defined multi-body part
– Red: edge joint not grouped into the same part
Concept Modeling
Edge Joints…
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Training ManualWorkshop 6-1, Line and Surface Bodies
• Goals:– Create a sketch representing beams used to stiffen a panel.– Create a line body from the sketch. – Choose a beam cross section to be used and assign it to the line body.– Create a surface model representing the panel.
• >File>New, or Start Page:– Choose to create new geometry– At the prompt, set the length unit to millimeter
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Create a rectangle
[Sketch] > Rectangle
1. Place the cursor near the origin until ‘P’ appears, click then drag to define the rectangle
Click “>Look At” & “>Zoom to Fit” tool buttons, and
Triad ISO Ball as desired.
1
Workshop 6-1, Line and Surface Bodies
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Dimension the rectangle 600X300 mm as shown
[Sketch] > Dimension > General
Horizontal = 600 mm
Vertical = 300 mm
Fit the sketch and move dimensions as necessary
[Sketch] > Dimension > Move
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Add 2 vertical lines and dimension as shown
[Sketch] > Draw > Line
2. Place the cursor near the top line until the ‘C’ coincidence constraint appears. Move the cursor to the bottom line until the ‘C’ appears and a ‘V’ indicating a vertical constraint.
3. Repeat for second line
Apply horizontal dimensions as shown.
[Sketch] > Dimension > Horizontal
Adjust Details so all dimensions are as indicated
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Create a Line Body from Sketch1
[Main Menu] > Concept > Lines From Sketches
4. Select “Sketch1” from the Tree (click the “+” near the XYPlane to expand that branch if necessary) and “>Details>Apply” it as the base object
5. Click >Generate 4
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Select a rectangular tube type cross section:
[Main Menu] > Concept > Cross Section > Rectangular Tube
After selection, the cross section is displayed with its dimensions.
In this case we will use the default dimensions.
If desired the cross section Details can be changed to modify the cross section.
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With a cross section selected we now need to associate it with our line body.
6. Highlight the line body in the tree and the details shows that no cross section is yet associated with it.
[tree] > 1 Part, 1 Body > Line Body (at bottom of tree)
7. Click in the “Cross Section” field
8. Choose “RecTube1” from the drop down list
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After assigning the cross section to the line body the default display shows the line body with its cross section alignment (see right). We can also display the beam with the cross section displayed as a solid.
[Main Menu] > View > Show Cross Sections Solids
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The next step is to create the surfaces between the beams. These surfaces will be shell meshed in the FE simulation.
10. [Main Menu] > Concept > Surfaces From Lines
Hold the control key and select the 4 lines shown at right.
(or can hold down LMB and sweep mouse over lines to be group selected)
11. >Apply
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12. “>Generate” the Surface Body.
Note: a frozen surface body is created, bounded by the selected lines
Repeat the previous steps to create two more surface bodies
“>Generate” as necessary
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The final modeling operation is to place all the bodies into a single part (multi-body part).
We must do this to insure that, when meshed, each boundary “recognizes” its neighbor resulting in a continuous mesh.
Set the Selection Filter to “Bodies”.
In the graphics window right mouse click and choose “>Select All”
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With all bodies selected, again right click in the graphics window and choose “Form New Part”.
By examining the Tree notice a single part has been formed which contains 4 bodies.
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• Shown here we have moved to a Simulation environment in Workbench and meshed the geometry. – By grouping all bodies into a common (single) part, nodal connectivity
is insured.
Workshop 6-1, Line and Surface Bodies
