Con Soil Th S A12 Geert Wijn

Imagine the result

Using ISCO enhanced bioremediation for heavy oils

Geert Wijn, Tessa Pancras (ARCADIS, NL)

Jinlan Xu (Xian University of Architecture and Technology, China)

Tim Grotenhuis (Wageningen University Research, NL)

ConSoil, Salzburg 2010

© 2009 ARCADIS6 October 20102 of 22


ISCO and Bio

• Fenton’s combined with MNA

• Fenton’s combined with CaO2

• Fenton’s combined with biosparging

• Persulphate and ISB with molasses

4 of 22 © 2009 ARCADIS6 October 2010

Knowledge gaps


Pros & cons of ISCO before Bio

• Pros

• > Temperature

• > Oxygen

• > Bioavailability (desorption of hydrocarbons)

• > Release of nutrients

• Cons

• Reduction of microbial population

• Longer recovery period for the microbial population

• Changing soil conditions

• Introducing competitive compounds

area of interest !


volatile aliphatics

non-volatile aliphatics

volatile aromatics

non-volatile aromatics

2-ring PAH

3-ring PAH

>4 ring-pAH

volatile aliphatics

non-volatile aliphatics

volatile aromatics

non-volatile aromatics

2-ring PAH

3-ring PAH

>4 ring-pAH

Heavy oil

area of interest !

Before

After


Basic questionsWill a mild oxidation by using a stepwise

addition of Fenton's overcome the disadvantages of sterilization?

What is the effect of using Fenton’s on the capacity of indigenous micro-organisms to utilize TPH?


The “Out of the box” Approach

Bio is a polishing step of ISCOBio is a polishing step of ISCO

ISCO as a pre-treatment of BioISCO as a pre-treatment of Bio


Research set-upand results


microcosms

• Bio

• Chemical oxidation

• Chemical oxidation + Bio

• Stepwise addition of oxidant

• Partial oxidation

• No inoculation

• O2, CO2 measurement


Soil sample

Sandy soil

6.000 mg TPH/kg.dm

1,5% Organic matter

52% Light fraction

48% Heavy fraction0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

C10-C12 C12-C16 C16-C20 C20-C24 C24-C40

Oil Fraction

TP

H C

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

(m

g/k

g.d

m)

Heavy oil fraction

Light oil fraction

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

C10-C12 C12-C16 C16-C20 C20-C24 C24-C40

Oil Fraction

TP

H C

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

(m

g/k

g.d

m)

Heavy oil fraction

Light oil fraction


O2 consumption

Increased by 20%

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

O2

cons

umpt

ion(

mm

ol)

bio

bio after ISCO

bio-control

bio after ISCO-control

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

O2

cons

umpt

ion(

mm

ol)

bio

bio after ISCO

bio-control

bio after ISCO-control


CO2 production

Increased by 30%

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

CO

2 p

rod

uctio

n(m

mo

l)

bio

bio after ISCO

bio-control

bio-control afterISCO

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

CO

2 p

rod

uctio

n(m

mo

l)

bio

bio after ISCO

bio-control

bio-control afterISCO


Residual oil

Bio 70% reduction TPH

Bio & ISCO 93% reduction TPH

Bio & ISCO Residual TPH 4x lower

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Time (d)

resudia

l concentr

atio

n o

f

TP

H(m

g/k

g)

bio after ISCO

bio

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Time (d)

resudia

l concentr

atio

n o

f

TP

H(m

g/k

g)

bio after ISCO

bio


Total efficiency after 26 days

Combination is more efficient

Higher oil fractions more efficient removed, up to 89%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

C10-C12 C12-C16 C16-C20 C20-C24 C24-C40 Total TPH

oil fraction

rem

oval e

ffic

iency(%

)

bio

ISCO

bio af ter ISCO

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

C10-C12 C12-C16 C16-C20 C20-C24 C24-C40 Total TPH

oil fraction

rem

oval e

ffic

iency(%

)

bio

ISCO

bio after ISCO


Bio Effect on chain length

Bio

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

rela

tive c

oncenta

rion o

f

TPH

fra

ctio

ns

Bio

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

rela

tive c

oncenta

rion o

f

TPH

fra

ctio

ns

Fraction >C20 50% reduction and stable

Fraction <C16 rapid decrease, degradation proceeds

C10-C12

C12-C16

C16-C20

C20-C24

C24-C40


ISCO & BioEffect on chain length

ISCO effects efficiency of bio for C10-C40

ISCO increases degradation rate of bio (6 days!)

Bio after ISCO

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

rela

tive c

oncentratio

n o

f

TPH

fra

ctio

ns

C10-C12

C12-C16

C16-C20

C20-C24

C24-C40

Bio after ISCO

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time(d)

rela

tive c

oncentratio

n o

f

TPH

fra

ctio

ns

C10-C12

C12-C16

C16-C20

C20-C24

C24-C40


Effect on biodegradation rates

Average ~1.7 x increase

Heavy fraction >C16 >2.0 x increase

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

0,40

0,45

C10-C12 C12-C16 C16-C20 C20-C24 C24-C40 TPH

fraction

k (d

-1)

Bio

Bio after ISCO

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

0,40

0,45

C10-C12 C12-C16 C16-C20 C20-C24 C24-C40 TPH

fraction

k (d

-1)

Bio

Bio after ISCO


Conclusions


Using ISCO enhanced bioremediation for heavy oils

• Is very promising!

• ISCO as a pretreatment technology is feasible

• Stepwise addition overcomes sterilization effects on lab scale

• The effect of Fenton's on the capacity of indigenous micro-organisms is positive:

• Enhances microbial activity of indigenous micro-organisms

• Enhances removal of ‘recalcitrant’compounds by biodegradation

• Increases mass removal

• Decreases treatment time

• Lowers residual concentration of TPH


Field Application

• Applying less oxidant or using low concentrations

• Focusing on natural recovery (or using ground water for inoculation)

• Lower end concentrations

• Lower remedial costs

• Requires a more delicate and intelligent approach

• Accounting for adjustment of redoxconditions for stimulating regeneration of microbial activity

• Applying electron donors and/or acceptors


New developments

• How to implement lab results to the field

• Increase knowledge about processes:

• Implications of ISCO on nutrient dynamics in soil

• Optimizing ISCO for subsequent bioremediation

• Optimizing microbial regeneration following ISCO

• Focus on heavier oils (PAH) and weathered oils

• Searching for the limits of this approach


ISCO enhanced Bioremediation

…..creating possibilities and new challenges….


Imagine the result

Geert Wijn

ARCADIS

[email protected]

www.insitu.nl

+31 646647260

Thanks for your attention!Thanks for your attention!

Documents

Con Soil Th S A12 Geert Wijn