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Computer Computer Hardware Hardware How to’sHow to’s
MUHAMMAD AHMED HUSSAIN
[email protected] / yahoo / homail.com
By:
What will I Cover ?What will I Cover ? Hardware Show & TellHardware Show & Tell
Internal Hardware: Parts & PortsInternal Hardware: Parts & Ports Peripheral HardwarePeripheral Hardware
The XP Control Panel: Why it rules ! ! !The XP Control Panel: Why it rules ! ! ! Drivers: Drivers:
Why do we need them?Why do we need them? How to get them?How to get them?
Installing a peripheral deviceInstalling a peripheral device Troubleshooting Hardware: (Get the Troubleshooting Hardware: (Get the
hammer)hammer) Fun With Windows (Formatting a drive, Fun With Windows (Formatting a drive,
removable storage)removable storage) Questions: Questions: Stump the Rob ! ! ! Stump the Rob ! ! !
DefinitionsDefinitions
Drivers – A driver acts as a Drivers – A driver acts as a translator btw the device and the translator btw the device and the software (The Nervous system of a software (The Nervous system of a computer) re. Printer printing the computer) re. Printer printing the document you made in MS Worddocument you made in MS Word
Operating System – The system Operating System – The system that allows you to control your that allows you to control your hardware/software/network hardware/software/network (Windows XP, Linux)(Windows XP, Linux)
Hardware Show and Hardware Show and TellTell
What is hardware ? What is hardware ?
The mechanical, magnetic, The mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical electronic, and electrical components making up a components making up a computer system. I will mainly computer system. I will mainly be speaking about peripheral be speaking about peripheral (external) hardware devices. But (external) hardware devices. But first here are some internal first here are some internal devices . . . devices . . .
Internal Hardware Internal Hardware
MotherboardMotherboardA big plastic board that A big plastic board that
holds all the conductors holds all the conductors and many components and many components including connection to including connection to power supply.power supply.
Motherboard
The foundation of the computer
The BrainsThe Brains
The Bios/ROM The Bios/ROM ChipChip
A chip that stores A chip that stores the program that the program that runs when the runs when the computer starts computer starts up.up.
The Backup The Backup BatteryBattery
Maintains clock Maintains clock and setting and setting saved in CMOS saved in CMOS (system setup)(system setup)
The Big Mother Brain The Big Mother Brain
The CPUThe CPU
CPU (Central Processing Unit)CPU (Central Processing Unit) Most PC’s have microprocessors speed measured in Most PC’s have microprocessors speed measured in
micro hertz. CPU consists of 2 primary parts: micro hertz. CPU consists of 2 primary parts: ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit performs Arithmetic and ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit performs Arithmetic and
logical operationslogical operations Control Unit – Extract instructions from memory; Control Unit – Extract instructions from memory;
decodes and executes themdecodes and executes them
StorageStorage
Hard DriveHard Drive The main storage device where The main storage device where
software, documents, and files are kept software, documents, and files are kept on the computeron the computer
Terms to know: Terms to know:
Bytes – Storage spaceBytes – Storage space
RPM – Rotation speed; the faster it goes RPM – Rotation speed; the faster it goes the faster it can get informationthe faster it can get information
Other StorageOther Storage
Floppy Drives – Becoming Floppy Drives – Becoming obsoleteobsolete
CD Drive – Only CD/R/W CD Drive – Only CD/R/W burners with a CD-R disk can burners with a CD-R disk can save informationsave information
Removable Storage – To be Removable Storage – To be discussed laterdiscussed later
Ports – A Brief GuidePorts – A Brief Guide
Serial Ports Serial Ports Very slow (transmits Very slow (transmits data one bit at a time); data one bit at a time); being replaced by being replaced by parallel and USB ports. parallel and USB ports. Still used for some Still used for some keyboards and micekeyboards and mice
Parallel Ports Parallel Ports Faster than Serial port, Faster than Serial port, slower than USB.slower than USB.
Used for: Used for: Printers, Scanners, External Printers, Scanners, External hard drives, Iomega Zip hard drives, Iomega Zip removable drives removable drives
Parallel PortParallel Port
Parallel Port Parallel Port Moves data 8 bits at a time; faster than serial port; Moves data 8 bits at a time; faster than serial port;
slower than USB.slower than USB.
Still used for older : Still used for older : Printers Scanners External hard drives Iomega Zip removable drives Network adapters Tape backup drives
USB Ports/Cable USB Ports/Cable The Connection of The Connection of
TodayToday
Faster than serial and parallel ports. Faster than serial and parallel ports.
Most popular port for most devices, also used for PDA’s Most popular port for most devices, also used for PDA’s and game counsels. and game counsels.
Expected to replace serial and parallel ports. Expected to replace serial and parallel ports.
Many USB devices are “plug and play” (do not require Many USB devices are “plug and play” (do not require drivers, start up once you plug them in) drivers, start up once you plug them in)
USBSymbol
USB PortsUSB Ports
Many USB ports are Many USB ports are conveniently kept on conveniently kept on the front end which the front end which makes connecting makes connecting peripheral devices peripheral devices much easier.much easier.
Which means no more Which means no more climbing/moving furniture or climbing/moving furniture or the horror of “plumber the horror of “plumber views”views”
PrintersPrinters
Most now connect to computer via USB Most now connect to computer via USB port and include software/drivers that can port and include software/drivers that can monitor ink levels. Many printer drivers are monitor ink levels. Many printer drivers are already preset in Windows. already preset in Windows.
Two main kinds of printers are inkjet and Two main kinds of printers are inkjet and LaserJetLaserJet
Inkjet Cartridge
LaserJet Cartridge
Pro’s and Con’s of Pro’s and Con’s of PrintersPrinters
InkjetInkjet
Pro’sPro’s Prints finer, high quality, and photo Prints finer, high quality, and photo
quality picturesquality pictures No warm up timeNo warm up time
Con’sCon’s Expensive ink cartridgesExpensive ink cartridges Ink can blur and bubble if whiteInk can blur and bubble if white
LaserJet PrinterLaserJet Printer
ProsPros Prints huge quantities of material at Prints huge quantities of material at
a time, at a lower cost than inkjeta time, at a lower cost than inkjet
ConsCons More expensive to purchase than More expensive to purchase than
InkjetInkjet Does not have the picture quality of Does not have the picture quality of
inkjetinkjet
Other PrintersOther Printers
Line Printers: Line Printers:
Only used for huge bulk printing Only used for huge bulk printing jobs (re. professional printer).jobs (re. professional printer).
Dot Matrix : Dot Matrix :
Obsolete. Only dot matrix I Obsolete. Only dot matrix I would recommend is for cash would recommend is for cash registers or receipt printer.registers or receipt printer.
KeyboardsKeyboards
Most Keyboards are plug and play and do not require Most Keyboards are plug and play and do not require individual driver “softwareindividual driver “software
Most keyboard ports are circular and located in the back Most keyboard ports are circular and located in the back of the computer below/next to the mouse portof the computer below/next to the mouse port
Can be cleaned using a cleaning spray, keys can be Can be cleaned using a cleaning spray, keys can be removed via flat objectremoved via flat object
come in many forms including:come in many forms including:
Wireless
Natural
“Classical”
Mouse Mouse
Many laptops have finger pads that act as a mouse but one can also hook up a traditional mouse to the computer
Much like a keyboard, a mouse can be wireless; some Much like a keyboard, a mouse can be wireless; some older mice and portable mice do have software that acts older mice and portable mice do have software that acts as a driver and also ask you to align mouse so that it as a driver and also ask you to align mouse so that it knows all of its positions (can also aligned in the control knows all of its positions (can also aligned in the control panel under mouse). panel under mouse).
If mouse is unresponsive or insensitive clean using a Q-If mouse is unresponsive or insensitive clean using a Q-tip.tip.
Removable Storage Removable Storage USB Stick/Flash DriveUSB Stick/Flash Drive
A stick-like device that connects to a USB port and can A stick-like device that connects to a USB port and can store data like a zip drive or a floppy drive. store data like a zip drive or a floppy drive.
Will store dozens of floppy disks worth of information. Will store dozens of floppy disks worth of information. Many sticks have file encryptions feature and write Many sticks have file encryptions feature and write protect options which prevents viruses from infiltrating protect options which prevents viruses from infiltrating computer. computer.
Can be used multiple timesCan be used multiple times
USB Sticks ProblemsUSB Sticks Problems
The biggest problem with sticks is that some are not The biggest problem with sticks is that some are not “plug and play”; thus if someone tries to use a USB “plug and play”; thus if someone tries to use a USB
stick on your library computer it might not work. stick on your library computer it might not work. Despite the fact that manufacturers say that flash Despite the fact that manufacturers say that flash
drivers are installed on all Windows O/S post 2000 and drivers are installed on all Windows O/S post 2000 and Lynx; I have personally had problems with some sticks Lynx; I have personally had problems with some sticks
working on our computers (had to install driver working on our computers (had to install driver software)software)
Portable Media Portable Media Player/DrivePlayer/Drive
A type of flash drive that stores, organizes and plays A type of flash drive that stores, organizes and plays digital music files. It is more commonly referred to as an digital music files. It is more commonly referred to as an
MP3 player or brand name I PodMP3 player or brand name I Pod
Data can be downloaded from sites such as tunes, Data can be downloaded from sites such as tunes, MP3.com, or downloaded from your own CD’s on to a MP3.com, or downloaded from your own CD’s on to a
computer and transferred to drivecomputer and transferred to drive
Most computers are equipped with a form of an internal Most computers are equipped with a form of an internal MP3 player (Win amp, Real Player, Windows Media PlayerMP3 player (Win amp, Real Player, Windows Media Player
Much of the hardware Much of the hardware discussed can be accessed or discussed can be accessed or
controlled withcontrolled withWindows XP Control PanelWindows XP Control Panel
Control PanelControl PanelWhat is it ?What is it ?
The control panel is The control panel is the virtual nerve the virtual nerve centre of your centre of your computer. It is a very computer. It is a very user friendly way to user friendly way to deal with hardware deal with hardware and O/S and O/S configuration. configuration. It can be found in: It can be found in: Start | Setting | Start | Setting |
Control PanelControl Panel
Some notable options Some notable options include . . .include . . .
ChangChange e Display Display SettingSettingss
Add or Delete Add or Delete SoftwareSoftware
Update WindowsUpdate Windows
Add HardwareAdd Hardware
System PropertiesSystem Properties
Create system restoreCreate system restore
Name Computer Name Computer (Very (Very important to prevent important to prevent confusion on system confusion on system maintenance)maintenance)
Remote Settings Remote Settings (when computer is (when computer is down 3rd Party can down 3rd Party can take over computer)take over computer)
User AccountsUser Accounts
Change Change
Passwords Passwords
&&
PermissionPermission
What is a Driver ?What is a Driver ?Further Definition Further Definition
A program that controls a device; A program that controls a device; every device requires a driver. every device requires a driver. Many are already installed on the Many are already installed on the computer or are included in the computer or are included in the “system program” (re. when you “system program” (re. when you buy a Dell computer there should buy a Dell computer there should be a disc that includes drivers for be a disc that includes drivers for software included or it is a part of software included or it is a part of the reboot program). the reboot program).
How to get DriversHow to get Drivers
The device might be plug and The device might be plug and play. Plug the device into the play. Plug the device into the USB/fire wire port (Driver already USB/fire wire port (Driver already configured on O/S)configured on O/S)
Look in hardware package: a Look in hardware package: a driver disk should be included driver disk should be included (Run the startup/install program (Run the startup/install program of the disc and follow of the disc and follow instructions)instructions)
Get Driver from Get Driver from company websitecompany website
Look for Look for support/drivers support/drivers section. Most section. Most companies have companies have downloadable downloadable drivers. If there drivers. If there is no driver on is no driver on line, contact line, contact company to see company to see if they can send if they can send you disk with you disk with the driver on it.the driver on it.
Get Driver from Control Get Driver from Control PanelPanel
Go to Control Go to Control Panel | Add Panel | Add HardwareHardware
Follow Follow instructions instructions
Go to a Driver WebsiteGo to a Driver Website
Many sites such as: Many sites such as: www.driverguide.com www.driverguide.com
www.windrivers.com www.windrivers.com
Offer drivers for large amounts of Offer drivers for large amounts of hardware. I can not guarantee hardware. I can not guarantee the security for these sites. I the security for these sites. I recommend only using these recommend only using these
sites as a last resort.sites as a last resort.
Things to Consider Things to Consider When When
Purchasing/Installing Purchasing/Installing HardwareHardware
Do you want it to be read from the Do you want it to be read from the network or an individual terminal ?network or an individual terminal ?
Who do you want to use it ?Who do you want to use it ? Do you want a warranty ?Do you want a warranty ? Is the port accessible if you are Is the port accessible if you are
moving hardware around frequently ?moving hardware around frequently ?
Things to Consider Things to Consider When When
Installing/Connecting Installing/Connecting HardwareHardware
Is the hardware going to be using a Is the hardware going to be using a dedicated port or are you going to be dedicated port or are you going to be moving the hardware around to various moving the hardware around to various machines?machines?
Is the port accessible if you are moving Is the port accessible if you are moving hardware around frequently ?hardware around frequently ?
Do you have a USB cable? (Some Do you have a USB cable? (Some hardware does not come equipped with hardware does not come equipped with a cable)a cable)
Installing a Installing a peripheral deviceperipheral device
1.1. Open box and remove all wiring and Open box and remove all wiring and documentation (see Marianne’s documentation (see Marianne’s Presentation)Presentation)
2.2. Peruse/Read manualPeruse/Read manual3.3. Connect all wiring to hardwareConnect all wiring to hardware4.4. Insert wiring into internal port (see Insert wiring into internal port (see
manual for port)manual for port)5.5. See if O/S reads hardware (might See if O/S reads hardware (might
require a minute) if not a driver should require a minute) if not a driver should be installedbe installed
Software & Drivers Software & Drivers for Peripheral for Peripheral
DevicesDevices Install/run driver software (if it is Install/run driver software (if it is
being used by multiple machines being used by multiple machines install driver on Network computer)install driver on Network computer)
Do a test on device. Does it work ? If Do a test on device. Does it work ? If so you might want to look at the so you might want to look at the additional software that came with additional software that came with hardware and decide whether or not hardware and decide whether or not you want to use the software (re. you want to use the software (re. picture editing software)picture editing software)
Making Peripheral Making Peripheral device work on a device work on a
networknetwork Change Users Change Users
by going into by going into Control Panel | Control Panel | Peripheral Peripheral Device | Right Device | Right Click Peripheral Click Peripheral Device | Device | Sharing.Sharing.
Set users to Set users to desired desired permission.permission.
Add Device to Add Device to WorkstationsWorkstations
If peripheral device If peripheral device is connected to is connected to Network and is to Network and is to be used on be used on individual terminals individual terminals go to individual go to individual terminals and add terminals and add device. (might device. (might require installing require installing driver on individual driver on individual terminal).terminal).
Troubleshooting a Troubleshooting a Peripheral DevicePeripheral Device
1.1. Make sure the peripheral device is Make sure the peripheral device is plugged in/turned onplugged in/turned on
2.2. Can you use the peripheral device from Can you use the peripheral device from other programs (re. if stuff is not being other programs (re. if stuff is not being printed from Internet Explorer but is from printed from Internet Explorer but is from Notepad it might be the program settings)Notepad it might be the program settings)
3. Check ink/light bulb/battery. Do any of 3. Check ink/light bulb/battery. Do any of these need replacing? If one of these are these need replacing? If one of these are out sometimes a peripheral device will not out sometimes a peripheral device will not workwork
4. Can you print a test page (usually printers 4. Can you print a test page (usually printers have a button that can do test printers). if have a button that can do test printers). if it does print a test page it might be an idea it does print a test page it might be an idea to check connections again (push them all to check connections again (push them all in) or it might be a setup problem.in) or it might be a setup problem.
Troubleshooting Cont’dTroubleshooting Cont’dTroubleshooting System Troubleshooting System
Setup ProblemsSetup Problems5.5. On the computer you On the computer you
are sending output are sending output from Go to from Go to Control Control Panel | Printers and Panel | Printers and FaxesFaxes (or other (or other peripheral device you peripheral device you are having trouble are having trouble with); is the with); is the printer/device printer/device installed/added to your installed/added to your computer? If not you computer? If not you have to use the have to use the add a add a …… option option
6.6. Check on the Port Check on the Port options to make sure options to make sure that correct port is that correct port is selected selected
User SettingUser Setting
7.7. Is the user Is the user given given permission to permission to use the use the device? If not device? If not they should be they should be added by added by selecting the selecting the user sending user sending item to printer .item to printer .
The Last ResortsThe Last Resorts
8.8. Try peripheral device on another computer. Try peripheral device on another computer. Does it work. If so the driver for the device Does it work. If so the driver for the device might have been erased or needs to be might have been erased or needs to be reconfigured on the computer. Can you reconfigured on the computer. Can you just use the device from the computer that it just use the device from the computer that it the device works on or not?the device works on or not?
9.9. Email/call manufacturer. Some companies Email/call manufacturer. Some companies provide better service than others; some will provide better service than others; some will only speak to you if you have a warranty or only speak to you if you have a warranty or only answer via emailonly answer via email
10.10. If manufacturer is not helpful you might want If manufacturer is not helpful you might want to get assistance from 3rd party or just buy a to get assistance from 3rd party or just buy a new device (new printer $80-160 about new device (new printer $80-160 about equal to 2 hours of a service call $160)equal to 2 hours of a service call $160)
A True Story A True Story
1.1. Did the trouble shooting Did the trouble shooting procedure 3 times (step 7 procedure 3 times (step 7 through 9) each time with more through 9) each time with more and more colorful languageand more colorful language
2.2. Finally called unnamed printer Finally called unnamed printer company (starts with E and ends company (starts with E and ends with N)with N)
3.3. When I went to send something When I went to send something to the printer (to get the error to the printer (to get the error message for the printer message for the printer manufacturer); it finally worked.manufacturer); it finally worked.
3 Lessons I learned 3 Lessons I learned after this after this
experienceexperienceLesson 1: sometimes stuff happens Lesson 1: sometimes stuff happens without a logical explanation (it is not without a logical explanation (it is not your fault and out of your control)your fault and out of your control)
Lesson 2: Colorful language will not Lesson 2: Colorful language will not repair your computer but you will feel repair your computer but you will feel betterbetter
Lesson 3: “Computers are like Lesson 3: “Computers are like having a compact, silicon version of having a compact, silicon version of Gary Busey on your desk – you Gary Busey on your desk – you never know what is going to happen” never know what is going to happen” – Bill Maher– Bill Maher
Fun with Windows Fun with Windows (Formatting a Floppy (Formatting a Floppy
or Flash Storage)or Flash Storage)1.1. Insert disk or Insert disk or
stickstick
2.2. Go into My Go into My Computer and Computer and find the drive find the drive that is labeled that is labeled to the desired to the desired drivedrive
3.3. Right click on Right click on the drive | the drive | FormatFormat
4.4. Select quick Select quick formatformat
Note: CD/DVDs do Note: CD/DVDs do not require not require formattingformatting
