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8/8/2019 Computer and Its Usage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-and-its-usage 1/20
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Applications of computer
In real life
Submitted by:-
Gursimran kaur
MBA 1 (B)100571
8/8/2019 Computer and Its Usage
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INTRODUCTION
Application software, also known as an application, o
an app, is co ¡ p¢ £
e
sof £ ware designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related
specif ic tasks. It helps to solve pro ¤ lems in the real world.
Examples include enterprise sof tware, accounting sof tware, off ice
suites, graphics sof tware, and media players.
Application sof tware is contrasted with system sof tware and middleware,
which manage and integrate a computer's capabilities, but typically do not
directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benef it the user. A simple,
if imperfect, analogy in the world of hardware would be the relationship of an
electric light bulb (an application) to an electric power generation plant (a
system). The power plant merely generates electricity, not itself of any real use
until harnessed to an application like the electric light that performs a service
that benef its the user.
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Com ¥ uters have a large number of a ¥ ¥ lications in variety of f ields ¦ Com ¥ uters
have great a ¥ ¥ lications in the f ield of Information Technology, Physics, Medical
sciences, Artif icial intelligence, Robotics, Information Systems, Economics,
Statistics, Financial Management, Nuclear Physics, Businesses, and
Human Resource Management etc. Com ¥ uters are § idely used by the
businesses and organizations for eff ective management of information and
resources in almost all de ¥ artments. Marketing and advertising agencies rely
on com ¥ uter databases of customers and various other too ls to track the
needs of the customers. Human Resource Management Information Systems
hel ¥ organizations to kee ¥ record about the em ¥ loyees. Com ¥ uters are used in
net § orks § hich hel ¥ individuals in the organizations to communicate § ith
each other by sharing f iles and im ¥ ortant documents.
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What is computer application?
In com ̈ uter science, an a¨ ̈
lication is a com ̈ uter ̈ rogram designed to hel ̈
̈ eople perform an activity. An application thus diff ers f rom an operating
system ( © hich runs a computer), a utility ( © hich performs maintenanc e or
general-purpose chores), and a programming language ( © ith © hich computer
programs are created).
Depending on the activity for © hich it © as designed, an applicat ion can
manipulate text, numbers, graphics, or a combination of these elements.
Some application packages off er considerable computing power by focusing on
a single task, such as word processing; others, called int
g
t
d soft
, off er
somewhat less power but include several applications.
Us
-
itt
n soft
tailors systems to meet the user's specif ic needs. User-
written sof tware includes spreadsheet templates, word processor macros,
scientif ic simulations, and graphics and animation scripts. Even email f ilters are
a kind of user sof tware. Users create this sof tware themselves and of ten
overlook how important it is.
In some types of embedded systems, the application sof tware and the
operating system sof tware may be indistinguishable to the user, as in the case
of sof tware used to control a VCR, DVD player or microwave oven.
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Various types of application SoftwareThere are many types of application sof tware:
1. An appli ation suit consists of multiple applications bundled together.
They usually have related f unctions, f eatures and user interf aces, and may
be able to interact with each other, e.g. open each other's f iles. Business
applications of ten come in suites, e.g. Microsof t Off ice, OpenOff ice.org,
and iWork, which bundle together a word processor, a spreadsheet, etc.;
but suites exist for other purposes, e.g. graphics or music.
2. Ent p is soft are addresses the needs of organization processes and
data f low, of ten in a large distributed environment. (Examples include
f inancial systems, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, and
supply-chain management sof tware). Note that Departmental Sof tware is a
sub-type of Enterprise Sof tware with a focus on smaller organizations or
groups within a large organization. (Examples include Travel Expense
Management and IT Helpdesk).Enterprise inf rastructure sof tware provides
common capabilities needed to support enterprise sof tware systems.
3. Information orker soft are addresses the needs of individuals
to create and manage information, of ten for individual projects within a
department, in contrast to enterprise management. Examples include time
management, resource management, documentation tools, analytical, and
collaborative. Word processors, spreadsheets, email and blog clients,
personal information system, and individual media editors may aid in
multiple information worker tasks.
4. Content access soft are is sof tware used primarily to access content
without editing, but may include sof tware that allows for content editing.
Such sof tware addresses the needs of individuals and groups
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to consume digital entertainment and published digital content. (Examples
include Media Players, Web Browsers, Help browsers, and Games)
5. Educational soft are is related to content access sof tware, but has the
content and/or f eatures adapted for use in by educators or students. For
example, it may deliver evaluations (tests), track progress through material,
or include collaborative capabilities .
6. Simulation soft
are are computer sof tware for simulation of physical or
abstract systems for either research, training or entertainment purposes.
7. Media development soft
are addresses the needs of individuals who
generate print and electronic media for others to consume, most of ten in acommercial or educational setting. This includes Graphic Art sof tware,
Desktop Publishing sof tware, Multimedia Development sof tware, HTML
editors, Digital Animation editors, Digital Audio and Video composition, and
many others.
8. Mobile applications run on hand-held devices such as mobile
phones, personal digital assistants, and enterprise digital assistants
9. Product engineering soft
are is used in developing hardware and sof tware
products. This includes computer aided design (CAD), computer aided
engineering (CAE), computer language editing and compiling tools,
Integrated Development Environments, and Applicat ion Programmer
Interf aces. DOS and UNIX are examples of command-driven interf aces.
10. A graphical user interf ace (GUI) is one in which you select command
choices f rom various menus, buttons and icons using a mouse. It is a user-
f riendly interf ace. The Windows and Mac OS are both graphical user
interf aces.
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Various applications of computer in real
life
It is a binding f act that are computers are very productive, eff icient and make
our personal and prof essional lives more rewarding. These 'magical' machines
can do just about anything imaginable; moreover they really excel in certain
areas. Below is the list of some of the principal applications of the computer
systems:
1. Businesses. Businessmen make bar graphs and pie charts f rom
tedious f igures to convey information with f ar more impact than
numbers alone can convey. Furthermore, computers help businesses to
predict their f uture sales, prof its, costs etc. making companies more
accurate in their accounts. Computers may also play a vital role in aiding
thousands of organizations to make judgmental and hard-provoking
decisions concerning f inancial problems and prospective trends.
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Business software
The small business market generally consists of home accounting
sof tware, and off ice suites such as Microsof t Off ice and OpenOff ice.org.
The medium size, or SME, has a broader range of sof tware applications,
ranging f rom accounting, groupware, customer relationship
management, human resources sof tware, outsourcing relationship
management, loan origination sof tware, shopping cart sof tware, f ield
service sof tware, and other productivity enhancing applications.
The last segment covers enterprise level sof tware applications, such as
those in the f ields of enterprise resource planning, enterprise contentmanagement (ECM), business process management and product. These
applications are extensive in scope, and of ten come with modules that
either add native f unctions, or incorporate the f unctionality of third -
party sof tware programs.
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Types of business software tools
Digital Dashboards - Also known as Business Intelligence Dashboards,
Enterprise Dashboards, or Executive Dashboards, these are visually-based
summaries of business data that show at-a-glance understanding of
business conditions through metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
A very popular BI tool that has arisen in the last f ew years.
Online Analytical Processing, commonly known
as OLAP (including HOLAP, ROLAP and MOLAP) - a capability of some
management, decision support, and executive information systems that
supports interactive examination of large amounts of data f rom many
perspectives.
Reporting sof tware generates aggregated views of data to keep the
management informed about the state of their business.
Data mining - extraction of consumer information f rom a database by
utilizing sof tware that can isolate and identif y previously unknown patterns
or trends in large amounts of data. There are a variety of data mining
techniques that reveal diff erent types of patterns. Some of the techniques
that belong here are Statistical methods (particularly Business statistics)
and Neural networks as very advanced means of analyzing data.
Business performance management (BPM)
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2. Buildings. Architects use computer animated graphics to experiment
with possible exteriors and to give clients a visual walk-through of their
proposed buildings. The computers provide architects a numerous
amount of f acilities to create diff erent buildings with greater accuracy,
better designing and editing tools, and work done at the f astest speed
possible. Finally, a new kind of artist has emerged, one who uses
computers to express his or her creativity.
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3. Education. Most good schools in the world have computers available
for use in the classroom. It has been proved that learning with
computers has been more successf ul and this is why numerous forms of new teaching methods have been introduced. This enhances the
knowledge of the student at a much f aster pace than the old traditional
methods. Likewise, colleges and various universities have extended the
use of computers as many educators prefer the 'learning by doing'
method - an approach uniquely suited to the computer.
Every student details need to be stored so a computer program could
help in this way. Multimedia, animations, graphics and charts could be
used to teach the students and many boring topics can be made
interesting using multimedia. Students could access internet for online
help and courses for more information.
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Education software
A learning management system (commonly abbreviated as LMS) is a sof tware
application for the administration, documentation, tracking, and reporting of
training programs, classroom and online events, e -learning programs, and
training content. LMS do the following:
centralize and automate administration
use self -service and self -guided services
assemble and deliver learning content rapidly
consolidate training initiatives on a scalable web-based platform
support portability and standards
Personalize content and enable knowledge reuse.
LMSs range f rom systems for managing training and educational records, to
sof tware for distributing courses over the Internet with f eatures for online
collaboration. Corporate training use LMSs to automate record-keeping and
employee registration. Student self -service (e.g., self -registration on instructor-
led training), training workf low (e.g., user notif ication, manager approval, wait-
list management), the provision of on-line learning (e.g., Computer-Based
Training, read & understand), on-line assessment, management of continuous
prof essional education (CPE), collaborative learning (e.g., application sharing,
discussion threads), and training resource management (e.g., instructors,
f acilities, equipment), are dimensions to Learning Management Systems. Some
LMSs are Web-based to f acilitate access to learning content andadministration. LMSs are used by regulated industries (e.g. f inancial services
and biopharma) for compliance training. It is also used by educational
institutions to enhance and support classroom teaching and off ering courses to
a larger population of learners across the globe. Some LMS providers include
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"performance management systems", which encompass employee appraisals,
competency management, skills-gap analysis, succession planning, and multi-
rater assessments (i.e., 360 degree reviews). Modern techniques now
employ Competency-based learning to discover learning gaps and guide
training material selection.
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4. Retailing. Products f rom meats to magazines are packed with zebra-
striped bar codes that can be read by the computer scanners at
supermarket checkout stands to determine prices and help manage
inventory. Thus, a detailed receipt of the groceries can be made, which
is usef ul for both the customer and the retail store, especially for the
stock control system. This is ref erred as POS (Point of Sale) transaction
where a precise account of all the stocks available is recorded and
manipulated.
5. Energy. Energy companies use computers to locate oil, coal, natural
gas and uranium. With the use of these technological machines, these
companies can f igure out the site of a natural resource, its
concentration and other related f igures. Electric companies use
computers to monitor vast power networks. In addition, meter readers
use hand held computers to record how much energy is used each
month in homes and off ices.
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6. Law Enforcement. Recent innovation in computerized law
enforcement include national f ingerprint f iles, a national f ile on the
mode of operation of serial killers, and computer modeling of DNA,
which can be used to match traces f rom an alleged criminal's body,
such as blood at a crime scene. In addition, computers also contain
complete databases of all the names, pictures and information of such
people who choose to break the law.
7. Transportation. Computers are used in cars to monitor f luid levels,
temperatures and electrical systems. Computers are also used to help
run rapid transit systems, load containerships and track railroads cars
across the country. An important part is the air control traff ic systems,
where computers are used to control the f low of traff ic between
airplanes which needs a lot of precision and accuracy to be dealt with.
Traff ic light control: - In traff ic light control the computer is being
employed to drive the traff ic light. There are some programmed codes
like " turn off the red light" or "turn on the red light" to control the
traff ic light and to carry out the instructions that follows.
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8. Government. Among other tasks, the f ederal government uses
computers to forecast the weather, to manage parks and historical
sites, to process immigrants, to produce social security checks and to
collect taxes. The most important use of the computer system in this
f ield is perhaps the Army, the Air Force and the Navy. The computers
have to be very powerf ul and in order to be run they have to be very
accurate and precise. E.g. in the use of missiles and other likes, every
nanosecond counts, which may save trillions of lives on this planet. The
government also uses computers in various simulations like the spread
of inf luenza in a particular locality.
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9. Health and Medicine. Computers are helping immensely to monitor
thee extremely ill in the intensive care unit and provide cross-sectional
views of the body. This eliminates the need for hired nurses to watch
the patient twenty-four hours a day, which is greatly tiring and error
prone. Doctors use computers to assist them in diagnosing certain
diseases of the sort. This type of computer is called the Expert System,
which is basically a collection of accumulated expertise in a specif ic area
of f ield. Computers are now able to map, in exquisite detail, the
structure of the human cold virus - the f irst step towards the common
cold. Furthermore, computers are used greatly in managing patients,
doctors, wards and medicine records, as well as deal with making
appointments, scheduling surgeries and other likes.
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Types of medical software
y Monitors
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, use sof tware to interpret the
sensor information and display it in a meaningf ul way on a monitor.
y Medication pumps
These devices are programmed to pump a certain amount
of plasma, blood, saline solution, or other medication into a patient at a
certain rate. The sof tware provides the ability to control many aspects of
treatment procedures.
y Analysis
Many devices, such as CAT scanners, measure raw data that is essentially
meaningless to people. Sof tware reinterprets this data to create images
that doctors can read and understand.
y Expert Systems
A variety of expert systems help clinicians and practitioners in decision
making for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
y Therapy delivery
The sof tware in implantable pacemakers and def ibrillators provides f ault-
tolerant, real-time, mission-critical monitoring of cardiac rhythms and
associated therapy delivery.
y Medical and healthcare educational soft
are
Sof tware used as an educational or study tool for healthcare prof essionals.
y Medical informatics
Sof tware for the business and informational aspect of medicine,
e.g. EMR/EHR Sof tware.
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10. Money. When there was no computer, everywhere manual
system was followed which was a very complicated but now with the
coming of computer everything is in a very systematic way. Every bank
is now using a computerized system because it is very f ast and user
f riendly. ATM cards are used every where now which let us bank any
time we want. PC banking (Personal Computer banking) helps to view
our bank balance, request transf ers between accounts and pay bills
electronically etc«
Computers speed up record keeping and allow banks to off er same -day
services and even do-it yourself banking over the phone and internet.
Computers have helped f uel the cashless economy, enabling the
widespread use of credit cards, debit cards and instantaneous credit
checks by banks and retailers. There is also a level of greater security
when computers are involved in money transactions as there is a better
chance of detecting forged cheques and using credit/debit cards
illegally etc.
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There are so many applications of computers, that it is impractical to mention
all of them. This is the Computer Age and these machines are beginning to
aff ect out lives in many ways. Computers are now becoming f aster, more
reliable, eff ective and whole lot cheaper than they had been ever before.
Computers are all around us and avoiding them is virtually impossible. We
have been exposed in the world of computer hype, computer advertisements
and computer headlines. We interact with computers in our daily lives -
whether we are at the cinemas, the school, or the public library .