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Computational Design + Fabrication Jonathan Bachrach EECS UC Berkeley January 16, 2018

Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

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Page 1: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Computational Design + Fabrication

Jonathan Bachrach

EECS UC Berkeley

January 16, 2018

Page 2: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Today 1

introductionthing compilerdemoscourse info

Page 3: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Traditional Architectural Design 2

Page 4: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Parametric Design 3

parametersconstraints

Page 5: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Traditional Robot Design 4

Page 6: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Trouble with Traditional 3D Design 5

manually intensivehard to keep in syncdifficult to learnbrittle – hard to parameterizedisconnected from fabrication

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Traditional Fabrication 6

Page 8: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Traditional Fabrication / Manufacturing 7

is manually intensiveis difficult/dangerous/slow to toolshas a distribution bottleneck

Page 9: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

What is Computational Design + Fabrication? 8

Page 10: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

What is Computational Design + Fabrication? 9

make hardware more like software?automating design + fabricationnew computer based fabrication machinesusing software techniques

Page 11: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Why is it so important? 10

1/4 economy based on manufacturing of physical goodsmany people do repetitive / dull jobstremendous latent creativity

Page 12: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Industrial Revolutions 11

set of technogies that vastly amplify productivity of peoplefewer people in society needed for bare essentials:

food, clothing, sheltermore time spent on

ideas, invention, learning, politics, the arts, and creativity

Page 13: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Previous Industrial Revolutions 12

1 1700s – textiles – invention of invention2 1850s – steel + transportation + assembly line

Page 14: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Third Revolution 13

hardware as softwarejust in time manufacturing

The Economist

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Fourth Revolution 14

smart factory

Christoph Roser at www.allaboutlean.com

Page 16: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Rise of the Artisan 15

affordable JIT manufacturingrise of the artisanincreases entrepreneurshipmass customization

Page 17: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

HW as SW + Information 16

designs as information – file formatsnetwork effect – sharingremix culture – rip, mod, fabmanufacture local or global

Page 18: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Design + Fabrication Loop 17

designcompilationevaluationfabrication

design compile

eval fab

Page 19: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

3D Printing 18

additive manufacturing many diffent kinds

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The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19

1 complexity is free2 variety is free3 no assembly required4 zero lead time5 unlimited design space6 zero skill manufacturing7 compact, portable manufacturing8 less waste by-product9 infinite shades of materials

10 precise physical replication

** Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing, by Hod Lipson, Melba Kurman

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What are 3DP challenges? 20

3d designlimited materials, scalemulti-materialbig datasimulation + evaluationinadmissible inputs

Page 22: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Practical CNC Machines 21

cutterslaservinylwater jet

mills3 axis5 axis

miscellaneouswire bender

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What are CNC challenges? 22

softwareclunkyambiguous inputsometimes manualnot WYSIWYGno nesting

assemblystill manual

Page 24: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Traditional Design for Manufacturing 23

design twicelabor intensive

Page 25: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

New Design for Manufacturing 24

design onceall design manufacturableall problems shown up front in design

human out of the loop

Page 26: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Declarative Design 25

what not howgoals + constraintsoptimization

Computational Design of Mechanical Characters – Disney Research

Page 27: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Constructive Solid Geometry 26

primitives + operations + transformations

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CSG + Programming Language 27

abstraction -> reusereplication etc

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Generators 28

thing functionsparameters sweep spacewhat are parameters?

=>

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Example Shape Generator 29

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Shape Grammars 30

Page 32: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Example L-system Uses 31

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Emergence 32

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Pattern Formation 33

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Thing Languages 34

specificationtransformationexample skeleton + skinning

Page 36: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Software Compilers 35

human-readable source into machine-executable object codeintermediate representation + passesfront-end, optimizer, back-end

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Compiler Basics 36

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Thing Compilers 37

high-level conceptual design text inputfabrication machine code outputtowards an architecture compiler

Page 39: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Slicer 38

3d mesh into slicesslotslabelslayoutinstructions

Page 40: Computational Design + Fabrication › ~jrb › cs194-028 › sp... · The ten principles of 3D printing ** 19 1 complexity is free 2 variety is free 3 no assembly required 4 zero

Compiler Toolkits 39

modularize compiler into librarycompiler is set of passescan write new passesexplosion in languages and backends

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Design Space Exploration 40

combination of DSE + compilersoptimization techniquevisualization

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Future Design 41

healinggrowingprogrammable shapes

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Future Fabrication 42

robotic constructionfeedback loop with materials

ETH University + Gramazio Kohler Research

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References 43

Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing, by Hod Lipson, MelbaKurmanMakers: The New Industrial Revolution, by Chris AndersonMakers, by Cory DoctorowThe Third Industrial Revolution, The Economist