Computational Design + Fabrication

Jonathan Bachrach

EECS UC Berkeley

August 27, 2015

Today 1

introductionthing compilerdemoscourse info

Traditional Architectural Design 2

Parametric Design 3

parametersconstraints

Traditional Robot Design 4

Trouble with Traditional 3D Design 5

manually intensivehard to keep in syncdifficult to learnbrittle – hard to parameterizedisconnected from fabrication

Traditional Fabrication 6

Traditional Fabrication / Manufacturing 7

is manually intensiveis difficult/dangerous/slow to toolshas a distribution bottleneck

What is Computational Design + Fabrication? 8

What is Computational Design + Fabrication? 9

make hardware more like software?automating design + fabricationnew computer based fabrication machinesusing software techniques

Why is it so important? 10

1/4 economy based on manufacturing of physical goodsmany people do repetitive / dull jobstremendous latent creativity

Industrial Revolutions 11

set of technogies that vastly amplify productivity of peoplefewer people in society needed for bare essentials:

food, clothing, sheltermore time spent on

ideas, invention, learning, politics, the arts, and creativity

Previous Industrial Revolutions 12

1 1700s – textiles – invention of invention2 1850s – steel + transportation + assembly line

Third Revolution 13

hardware as softwarejust in time manufacturing

The Economist

Rise of the Artisan 14

affordable JIT manufacturingrise of the artisanincreases entrepreneurshipmass customization

HW as SW + Information 15

designs as information – file formatsnetwork effect – sharingremix culture – rip, mod, fabmanufacture local or global

Design + Fabrication Loop 16

designcompilationevaluationfabrication

design compile

eval fab

3D Printing 17

additive manufacturing many diffent kinds

The ten principles of 3D printing ** 18

1 complexity is free2 variety is free3 no assembly required4 zero lead time5 unlimited design space6 zero skill manufacturing7 compact, portable manufacturing8 less waste by-product9 infinite shades of materials

10 precise physical replication

** Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing, by Hod Lipson, Melba Kurman

What are 3DP challenges? 19

3d designlimited materials, scalemulti-materialbig datasimulation + evaluationinadmissible inputs

Practical CNC Machines 20

cutterslaservinylwater jet

mills3 axis5 axis

miscellaneouswire bender

What are CNC challenges? 21

softwareclunkyambiguous inputsometimes manualnot WYSIWYGno nesting

assemblystill manual

Traditional Design for Manufacturing 22

design twicelabor intensive

New Design for Manufacturing 23

design onceall design manufacturableall problems shown up front in design

human out of the loop

Declarative Design 24

what not howgoals + constraintsoptimization

Computational Design of Mechanical Characters – Disney Research

Constructive Solid Geometry 25

primitives + operations + transformations

CSG + Programming Language 26

abstraction -> reusereplication etc

Generators 27

thing functionsparameters sweep spacewhat are parameters?

=>

Example Shape Generator 28

Shape Grammars 29

Example L-system Uses 30

Emergence 31

Pattern Formation 32

Thing Languages 33

specificationtransformationexample skeleton + skinning

Software Compilers 34

human-readable source into machine-executable object codeintermediate representation + passesfront-end, optimizer, back-end

Compiler Basics 35

Thing Compilers 36

high-level conceptual design text inputfabrication machine code outputtowards an architecture compiler

Slicer 37

3d mesh into slicesslotslabelslayoutinstructions

Compiler Toolkits 38

modularize compiler into librarycompiler is set of passescan write new passesexplosion in languages and backends

Design Space Exploration 39

combination of DSE + compilersoptimization techniquevisualization

Future Design 40

healinggrowingprogrammable shapes

Future Fabrication 41

robotic constructionfeedback loop with materials

ETH University + Gramazio Kohler Research

References 42

Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing, by Hod Lipson, MelbaKurmanMakers: The New Industrial Revolution, by Chris AndersonMakers, by Cory DoctorowThe Third Industrial Revolution, The Economist