Comprehensive Analysis of Different Particle Sizes of ...ijair.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/... · vermicompost. The increased ... difference between biofertilizer

Copyright © 2014 IJAIR, All right reserved

Comprehensive Analysis of Different Particle Sizes of

Somasundari, G. M. Tech. Student, Dept. of Biotech. and Genetic Engg.,

Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirapalli

Rajakumar, S. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology,

Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli

Abstract – This paper aims to analyse

particle sizes of organic manure (cyanopith mixed with

jiwamrita) during the composting process

status of organic manure was enriched

jiwamrita. The HPLC analysis revealed the

peaks and hence, the presence of lignin derived compounds

on the final day.

Keywords – Cyanopith, HPLC, Jiwamrita

Manure.

I. INTRODUCTION

Organic manure is the manure prepared from the animal

and plant wastes after properly decomposing the

material [1]. Cyanobacteria are one of the major

components of nitrogen fixing biomass in paddy fields and

provide a potential source of nitrogen fixation.

important characteristic of nitrogen fixation,

have a unique potential to enhance productivity in a

variety of agricultural and ecological situations

Normally, the coirpith is dumped as agricultural waste

and accumulates as a waste products as heaps of cour

and fine dust [3].Reference[4] reported that the coirpith as

an excellent and inexpensive carrier for cyano

fertilizers. Cyanopith is an organic fertilizer

biodegradation of coirpith using fresh water

cyanobacterium, Oscillatoriaannae [5]

jiwamrita increased the activity of

solubilisation and uptake of nutrients were enhanced

Hence, the present study aims to convert the partially

degraded coirpith by cyanobacterium into three different

particle sizes of organic manure. These have been enriched

with jiwamrita for further degradation process.

physicochemical parameters were analysed and the

presence of compounds were observed

technique.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Organic manure was prepared by three different particle

sizes [7] (a- 1-2cm; b- 0.1-1mm; c-

cyanopith fertilizer [5] mixed with jiwamrita and

incubated for composting process under shadow for 30

days. The physicochemical parameters such as pH

(Potential metric method), EC [8], phosphorus,


480

International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research

Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN (Online) 2319


Organic Manure

M. Tech. Student, Dept. of Biotech. and Genetic Engg.,

Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirapalli-24

Jenny, S.Research Scholar, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology,


Professor, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology,

Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli-24

Malliga, P.Professor, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology,


Email: [email protected],

Mobile: 09487549118; Fax:

analyse three different

particle sizes of organic manure (cyanopith mixed with

jiwamrita) during the composting process. The nutrient

by the addition of

the more number of

peaks and hence, the presence of lignin derived compounds

Jiwamrita, Organic

NTRODUCTION

Organic manure is the manure prepared from the animal

ly decomposing the raw

Cyanobacteria are one of the major

components of nitrogen fixing biomass in paddy fields and

a potential source of nitrogen fixation. Due to the

important characteristic of nitrogen fixation, cyanobacteria

to enhance productivity in a

variety of agricultural and ecological situations[2].

the coirpith is dumped as agricultural waste

waste products as heaps of course

reported that the coirpith as

n excellent and inexpensive carrier for cyano bacterial

yanopith is an organic fertilizer produced by

coirpith using fresh water

[5]. Application of

y of microbes thereby

ation and uptake of nutrients were enhanced[6].

to convert the partially

into three different

hese have been enriched

for further degradation process. The

physicochemical parameters were analysed and the

were observed by HPLC

ETHODS

Organic manure was prepared by three different particle

- 0.01-0.1mm) of

mixed with jiwamrita and

for composting process under shadow for 30

physicochemical parameters such as pH

phosphorus, chloride,

nitrate, nitrite and ammonia [9

[10], nitrogen and potassium [1

HPLC Analysis The HPLC analysis (waters model no.2690,USA) of

three different particle sizes of organic manure was carried

out with C18 column(symmetry,4.6x250nm) using

methanol as a solvent with flow rate of

mins. retention time with 270

wavelengths[12].

Statistical analysis

All treatments were performed randomly

The data were subjected to one way analysis of

(ANOVA) with SPSS version 16.0 by using Duncan’s test

at p<0.05 level of significance.

III. RESULTS AND

Estimation of pH The pH values in three different particle sizes of organic

manure were increased after 30 days of incubation when

compared to initial day estimation. However, F

showed that there is no significant variation among all the

particle sizes of organic manure on 30

Reference [13] stated that at

anaerobic decomposition process, the pH was

poultry manure with sorghum straw composting and

[14]reported increased pH

vermicompost. The increased

different wastes has also been

[15] and sewage sludge[16

vermicompost and pit compost was

and these evidences concordance with the present

investigation.

Estimation of EC Electrical conductivity (EC) can be related t

holding capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC),

porosity, texture and particle size. In this present study, 0

day results showed very low

organic manure and the elevated EC was observed on 30

day. Nevertheless, the maximum EC was noticed in the

minimum particle sizes of organic manure (Fig.

Degradation of manure by the microbes present in

jiwamrita released nutrients to the surrounding

environment. This could be attributed to increase

different particle sizes of organic manure when compared

Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) :

Received : 25/08/2014 | Accepted on : 04/09


, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473


Jenny, S. Research Scholar, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology,


Malliga, P. Professor, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology,


Email: [email protected], Tel:+914312418591;

ile: 09487549118; Fax: +91431- 2407084

9], calcium and magnesium

[11]were estimated.

(waters model no.2690,USA) of

three different particle sizes of organic manure was carried

column(symmetry,4.6x250nm) using

methanol as a solvent with flow rate of 1ml/min at 10

retention time with 270-310 detection

performed randomly in triplicates.

The data were subjected to one way analysis of variance

ANOVA) with SPSS version 16.0 by using Duncan’s test

ESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The pH values in three different particle sizes of organic

after 30 days of incubation when

estimation. However, Fig. 1

showed that there is no significant variation among all the

particle sizes of organic manure on 30th

day.

at the end of aerobic and

decomposition process, the pH was increased in

e with sorghum straw composting and

level in cattle dung

increased pH of vermicompost from

also been reported like sheep manure

6]. Theincreased pH of

vermicompost and pit compost was also reported by [17]

se evidences concordance with the present

Electrical conductivity (EC) can be related to the water

holding capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC),

porosity, texture and particle size. In this present study, 0th

very low EC in all particle sizes of

organic manure and the elevated EC was observed on 30th

day. Nevertheless, the maximum EC was noticed in the

le sizes of organic manure (Fig. 2).

Degradation of manure by the microbes present in

jiwamrita released nutrients to the surrounding

environment. This could be attributed to increased EC in

different particle sizes of organic manure when compared

Manuscript Processing Details (dd/mm/yyyy) :

9/2014 | Published : 16/09/2014


to initial day. Furthermore, the minimum particle size

among all the three the EC was significantly increased and

it is indicated that it was equally proportional to t

minimum particle size. This could be as a result of

minimum particle sizes favoring microbial

Results revealed that electrical conductivity of planting

media substituted with vermicompost increased

control [18]. The chicken manure has a h

conductivity, organic matter and available plant nutrients

when compared to rice husk got very low

conductivity and was also low in organic matter and other

nutrients [19]. Increased EC in cattle manure

vermicompost was reported by [20].The increased EC

during the period of the composting and vermicomposting

processes is in agreement with that of earlier workers

[22] which was probably due to the degradation of organic

matter releasing minerals such as exchangeable Ca, Mg, K

and P in the available forms, that is, in the form of cations

in the vermicompost and compost [22], [2

Estimation of NPK The Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (

contents in three different particle sizes of organic manure

were increased after 30 days of incubation. Among the

three particle sizes, the minimum size

showed rich (six fold) in NPK than the other two parti

sizes. It could be due to the N2 fixing bacteria present in

jiwamrita which easily degraded the minimum particle

size when compared to other sizes.

These results correlated with the following

investigations. The organic fertilizers and soil enhancers

were used for their organic matter contribution and

nutrients, mainly total P [24], [25] and nitrogen

in soils are associated with organic matter. T

composting of poultry manure blended with straw would

enable to enhance the N, P and carbon

manure and thus improving its quality [1

total P content of poultry saw dust manure was observed

by [27] up to 7 weeks and [28] shows a similar result and

has reported an increase in total ‘P’ content due to aerobic

decomposition than anaerobic decomposition. The

manure had increased NPK level than cocoa pod ash [29].

The nitrogen and phosphorus contents

poultry droppings than the municipal waste and cow dung

whereas, the potassium level was increased in cow dung

than the other organic manures [30].

Estimation of biochemical parametersThe biochemical parameters showed significant effects

on three different particle sizes of organic manure on 30

day.Fig.4 indicated that the minimum particle

organic manure (0.01-0.1mm) has increased

and ammonia contents than the other two particle size

Presence of microbial load in jiwamrita

degraded the minimum particle size when compared to

other sizes.

Pig manure compost with maximum

can be considered as mature compost [31],[32]

to[33], increased ammonia nitrogen results in composting

and maturation process were achieved (125 days) and t

nitrate content of compost I (75% poultry manure and 25%

exhausted olive cake) increased than the compost II (25%


481



to initial day. Furthermore, the minimum particle size

EC was significantly increased and

proportional to the

particle size. This could be as a result of the

favoring microbial degradation.

Results revealed that electrical conductivity of planting

media substituted with vermicompost increased EC over

hicken manure has a high electrical

and available plant nutrients

ice husk got very low electrical

nic matter and other

EC in cattle manure

The increased EC

during the period of the composting and vermicomposting

with that of earlier workers [21],

which was probably due to the degradation of organic

such as exchangeable Ca, Mg, K

and P in the available forms, that is, in the form of cations

], [23].

Phosphorous and Potassium (Fig. 3)

contents in three different particle sizes of organic manure

were increased after 30 days of incubation. Among the

three particle sizes, the minimum size (0.01-0.1mm)

in NPK than the other two particle

fixing bacteria present in

raded the minimum particle

These results correlated with the following

rtilizers and soil enhancers

used for their organic matter contribution and

nitrogen [26]found

associated with organic matter. The

composting of poultry manure blended with straw would

enable to enhance the N, P and carbon status of the

[13]. Increase in the

total P content of poultry saw dust manure was observed

] shows a similar result and

reported an increase in total ‘P’ content due to aerobic

n than anaerobic decomposition. The poultry

ed NPK level than cocoa pod ash [29].

contents were increased in

poultry droppings than the municipal waste and cow dung

increased in cow dung

Estimation of biochemical parameters The biochemical parameters showed significant effects

of organic manure on 30th

that the minimum particle size of

eased nitrate, nitrite

and ammonia contents than the other two particle sizes.

a could have easily

the minimum particle size when compared to

maximum ammonia content

[31],[32].According

nitrogen results in composting

were achieved (125 days) and the

75% poultry manure and 25%

than the compost II (25%

Poultry manure and 75% exhausted

based substrate showed increas

compost and vermicompost

nitrogen level was increased in vermicompost

peat based substrate and compost

Fig.5 showed the calcium, magnesium and chloride

contents in filtrate from three different particle sizes of

organic manure. Among these,

of organic manure showed elevated level of calcium and

magnesium content than the other two particle sizes.

Supporting evidences supported

magnesium were increased in T4 treatments (coirpith +

Pleurotus sajor caju + cow urine)

treatments [35]. The calcium content were increased

poultry dropping incubated for 42 days

organic residues (Chromoleana odorata

purpureum, maize stoves,soybean straw and cow dung )

whereas,the magnesium content was increased in

Pennisetum purpureum than the other organic residues

[36].

HPLC analysis HPLC methods were used for the extraction and

separation of lignin derived compounds present in

of three different particle sizes of organic manure with 10

mins. retention time. The result revealed that the more

number of peaks were observed in th

three particle sizes (Fig.6). During incubation, the

microbial activity was increased with the addition of

jiwamrita thereby the lignin compounds

degraded.

The HPLC analysis of water extract of the decompos

rice straw at different treatments in

days) revealed the production of organic acids

acids, oxalic acid, maleic acid, and formic acid)

HPLC analyses used to monitor the

substances during the incubation

lignocellulolytic microorganisms[3

confirmed the presence of fungicide

commercial compost (barks+ pruning residues+ urban and

industrial sludges) and traces of some metabolites

IV. CONCLUSION

The present study deals about three different particle

sizes of organic manure (cyanopith and jiwamrita)

incubated for 30 days. During incubation, the nutrient

status was enriched and the compounds were analysed and

separated by HPLC. Results showed increa

status on 30th

day in three different particle sizes of

organic manure. Hence, the present study concluded that

the minimum particle size (0.01

manure has released more nutrien

other particle sizes.

REFERENCES

[1] Anonymous. 2012. What is the difference between biofertilizer

and organic matter? http:// wiki,nswers.com/Q/what the

difference between biofertilizer and organic fertilizer#slide 1.



nure and 75% exhausted olive cake).The peat

showed increased nitrate level than the

and vermicompost whereas the ammonial

as increased in vermicompost than the

and compost [34].

Fig.5 showed the calcium, magnesium and chloride

contents in filtrate from three different particle sizes of

these, the minimum particle size

manure showed elevated level of calcium and

magnesium content than the other two particle sizes.

supported that the calcium and

were increased in T4 treatments (coirpith +

urine)when compared to other

he calcium content were increased in

poultry dropping incubated for 42 days than the other

Chromoleana odorata, Pennisetum

maize stoves,soybean straw and cow dung )

whereas,the magnesium content was increased in

than the other organic residues

HPLC methods were used for the extraction and

separation of lignin derived compounds present in filtrate

zes of organic manure with 10

result revealed that the more

number of peaks were observed in the finest among all the

(Fig.6). During incubation, the

microbial activity was increased with the addition of

jiwamrita thereby the lignin compounds could be

he HPLC analysis of water extract of the decomposed

ifferent treatments in various intervals (15

revealed the production of organic acids (citric

acids, oxalic acid, maleic acid, and formic acid) [11].

HPLC analyses used to monitor the presence of humic

substances during the incubation (95 days)of compost with

cellulolytic microorganisms[37]. The HPLC analysis

confirmed the presence of fungicide residues in

commercial compost (barks+ pruning residues+ urban and

and traces of some metabolites [38].

ONCLUSION

The present study deals about three different particle

sizes of organic manure (cyanopith and jiwamrita)

incubated for 30 days. During incubation, the nutrient

enriched and the compounds were analysed and

separated by HPLC. Results showed increased nutrient

day in three different particle sizes of

organic manure. Hence, the present study concluded that

minimum particle size (0.01-0.1mm) of organic

nutrients as compared to that of

EFERENCES

Anonymous. 2012. What is the difference between biofertilizer

and organic matter? http:// wiki,nswers.com/Q/what the

difference between biofertilizer and organic fertilizer#slide 1.


[2] D. Sahu, I. Priyadarshani, and B. Rath,

potential biofertilizer,”CIB Tech. J. of Microbiol.

3),2012,pp. 20-26.

[3] P. K. Ghosh, U. S. Sarma, A. D.

Radhakrishnan, and P. Ghosh, “A novel method for accelerating

composting of coir pith”,Energy fuels,vol.

[4] P. Malliga, and V. Viswajith, Biodegradation of Lignin: A

search for valuable Products. In: Biotechnological Applications

in Environmental Management (eds.) R.K.Trivedy and Sadhana

Sharma. BS Publications, Hyderabad, India.

[5] P. Malliga, A. D. Ravindranath, and U. S.

Preparation and Application of Coir Pith Based Cyanobacterial

Biofertilizer (Cyanopith and Cyanospray) for field. Priya

publication. 2012, pp. 19 -20.

[6] G. S. Manjunatha, S. N. Upperi, B. T. Pujari,

and V. B. Kuligod, “Effect of farm yard manure treated with

jeevamrutha on yield attributes, yield and economics of

sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”,Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.

22(1),2009, pp. 198-199.

[7] S. Jenny and P. Malliga, “Influence of organic manure on growth

and yield attributes on Solanum lycopersicum

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science &

Engineering, vol.2(8),2014, pp. 1-6.

[8] G.E. Rayment, and F.R. Higginson,Australian Laboratory

Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods, Melbourne,

Inkata Press. Australian Soil and Land Su

3,1992.

[9] APHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water

and Wastewater, 20th edn. Washington, D.C.

[10] AOAC, 2000. Official method of analysis. 17

chemistry, Washington, DCPP.

[11] R. G. Jackson, L. Eng-Kiat, Y. Li, K. Mariusz,

David,Ashford, and D. J. Bowles,

Biochemical characterization of an Arabidopsis

Acid Glucosyl transferase”,J. Biol. Chem

4350-4356.

[12] A.Kumari, K. K Kapoor, B. S. Kundu, and

“Identification of organic acids produced during rice straw

decomposition and their role i

solubilisation”,Plant soil environ., vol. 54(2),2008, pp.

[13] M. M. Amnuallah, “Nutrient release pattern d

poultry manure”,Res. J. Agric. and Biol. Sci

306-308.

[14] J.Rakesh, and P. V. Adarsh, “Effect of vermicompost on growth,

yield and Quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum

L.)”,African J. of Basic & Appl. Sci., vol. 2(3

123.

[15] F. Gutiérrez-Miceli, J. Santiago-Boraz, J. A. M.

Nafat, M. Abdul-Archila, M. A. O. Llaven

and L. Dendooven, “Vermicompost as a soil supplement to

improve growth, yield and fruit quality of t

esculentum)”,Bioresoure Technology, vol. 98,2007, pp.

2786.

[16] G. Masciandaro, B. Ceccanti, V. Roachi, and

parameters of dehydrogenase in the assessment of the response

of soil to vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers

Fertility of Soils, vol. 32, 2000, pp. 479-483.

[17] K. Amir, and I. Fouzia, “Chemical nutrient analysis of different

composts (vermicompost and pit compost) and their effect on

growth of a vegetative cropPisum sativum

Res., vol. 1(1), 2011, pp. 116-130.

[18] K. A. Klock, “Growth of salt sensitive bedding p

amended with composted urban wastes”,

utilization, vol. 5, 1997, pp. 55-59.

[19] S. Panchaban, M. Ta-oun, and S. Sanunmuang,

organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of ruzi

grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) grown on saline sandy s

northeast, Thailand”,In: Management of tropical sandy soils for

sustainable agriculture, FAO- Bangkok. Thailand,

386.

[20] G. Peyvast, J. A. Olfati, S. Madeni, and A. Forghani, “

vermicompost on the growth and yield of

oleracea L.)”,J. of food, Agriculture and Environment

2008, pp. 110-113.

[21] Kaviraj and S. Sharma, “Municipal solid waste management

through vermicomposting employing exotic a


482



Rath, “Cyanobacteria-as

CIB Tech. J. of Microbiol., vol. 1(2-

A. D. Ravindranath, S.

A novel method for accelerating

vol. 21,2007, pp. 822-827.

Viswajith, Biodegradation of Lignin: A

: Biotechnological Applications

in Environmental Management (eds.) R.K.Trivedy and Sadhana

ublications, Hyderabad, India.2005, pp. 232-239.

U. S. Sarma, Hand book of

Preparation and Application of Coir Pith Based Cyanobacterial

Biofertilizer (Cyanopith and Cyanospray) for field. Priya

Pujari, N. A. Yeledahalli,

Effect of farm yard manure treated with

jeevamrutha on yield attributes, yield and economics of

Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. vol.

nny and P. Malliga, “Influence of organic manure on growth

Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plants”,

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science &

Higginson,Australian Laboratory

Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods, Melbourne,

Inkata Press. Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbooks, vol.

. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water

n, D.C.

AOAC, 2000. Official method of analysis. 17th Ed. Agricultural

Mariusz, S. Göran, A. J. H.

“Identification and

Arabidopsis indole-3-acetic

J. Biol. Chem., vol. 276(6),2001, pp.

Kundu, and R. K. Mehta,

Identification of organic acids produced during rice straw

role in rock phosphate

vol. 54(2),2008, pp. 72–77.

Nutrient release pattern during composting

Res. J. Agric. and Biol. Sci., vol. 3(4), 2007, pp.

Effect of vermicompost on growth,

(Lycopersicum esculentum

vol. 2(3-4),2010, pp. 117-

J. A. M. Molina, C. C

Llaven, R. Rincón-Rosales,

Vermicompost as a soil supplement to

improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum

, vol. 98,2007, pp. 2781-

Roachi, and C. Bauer, “Kinetic

parameters of dehydrogenase in the assessment of the response

of soil to vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers”,Biology and

483.

Chemical nutrient analysis of different

composts (vermicompost and pit compost) and their effect on the

Pisum sativum”,Asian J. plant Sci.

Growth of salt sensitive bedding plants in media

ed with composted urban wastes”, Composts science and

Sanunmuang, “Effect of

organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of ruzi

) grown on saline sandy soils of the

: Management of tropical sandy soils for

Bangkok. Thailand, 2007, pp. 383-

A. Forghani, “Effect of

mpost on the growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia

J. of food, Agriculture and Environment, vol. 6(1),

Municipal solid waste management

through vermicomposting employing exotic and local species of

earthworms”, Bioresource Technol

173.

[22] C. D. Jadia, and M. H. Fulekar,

waste: a bio- physicochemical process base

bioreactor”,African J. of Biotech.,

[23] C. Tognetti, F. Laos, M. J. Mazzarino, and

“Composting vs. vermicomposting: a co

quality”,Compost Science and Utilization

6–13.

[24] B. Fuente, N. Bolan, R. Naid

organic waste-soil systems”, Revista de la Ciencia del S

Nutrición Vegetal.,vol. 6(2), 2006, pp.

[25] V. B. Ortiz, and C. A. Ortiz, Edafologia,Universidad Autonoma

de chapingo, Departamento de Suelos, chapingo, Mexico,

pp. 148-150.

[26] J. Z. Castellanos, J. X.

Santelises,Manual de interpretación de análisis de suelos, aguas

agrícolas, plantas y ECP. 2ª ed. INIFAP, Chapingo, México,

2000.

[27] R. Nodar, M. Acea, and T. Carballas, “

population: Composition and evolution during storage”,

Bioresource Technol., vol.40, 1992, pp.

[28] H. Krickmann, and E. Witter, “

anaerobic farm animal dungs”,

1992, pp. 137-142.

[29] L. S. Ayeni,M. T. Adetunji, S. O.

Adeyemo, “Comparative and cumulative effect of cocoa pod

husk ash and poultry manure on soil and ma

and yield”,Am. - Eurasian J. Sustain

97.

[30] J. M. Wapa, Effect of mineral fertilizer and different sources of

organic manure combination on the growth and grain yield of

maize in Sudano-sahelian Savanna, Nigeria.

Inno.Res.,vol. 2(6),2014, pp.1096

[31] M.Mustin, Le compost: gestion de la matière org

F. (Ed.), Paris, 1987, pp. 117–242.

[32] G. F. Huang, M. Fang, Q. T. Wu,

W. C. Wong, “Co-composting of pig manure with

leaves”,Environ. Technol., vol. 22, 2001, pp.

[33] S. Hachicha, M.Chtourou,

“Compost of poultry manure and olive mill wast

alternative fertilizer”,Agron. Sustain. Dev

135-142.

[34] C. Lazcano, J. Arnold,A. Tato

“Compost and vermicompost as nursery pot components: effects

on tomato plant growth and morphology”,

vol. 7(4), 2009, pp. 944-951.

[35] R. Sureshkumar,and P. Ganesh, “

biocomposting techniques on physicochemical and

changes in coir pith”,Intl. J. of Recent Scientific res

2012, pp. 914-918.

[36] W. A. Moliando, “Determination of the nutrient status of the soil

after incubation with organic residues for different day in Benin

City, Nigeria”,World J. of Agric. Sci.,

736.

[37] N. Requena, T. M. Baca, and

substances from unripe compost during incubation with

lignolytic or cellulolytic microorganisms and effects on the

lettuce growth promotion mediated by

chroococcum”,Biol.fertil. Soils,

[38] V. Adriano, F. Federica, G. Roberta and C. Adelaide,

“Occurrence of dicarboximidic fungicides and their metabolites

residues in commercial compost”,

7-12.



Bioresource Technol., vol. 90(2), 2003, pp.169–

Fulekar, “Vermicomposting of vegetable

physicochemical process based on hydro-operating

African J. of Biotech., vol.7, 2008, pp. 3723–3730.

Mazzarino, and M. T. Hernandez,

Composting vs. vermicomposting: a comparison of end product

Compost Science and Utilization, vol. 13 (1), 2005, pp.

Naidu, and M. Mora, “Phosphorus in

Revista de la Ciencia del Suelo y

Nutrición Vegetal.,vol. 6(2), 2006, pp. 64-83.

Edafologia,Universidad Autonoma

nto de Suelos, chapingo, Mexico, 1990,

J. X. Uvalle-Bueno, and A. A.

Santelises,Manual de interpretación de análisis de suelos, aguas

2ª ed. INIFAP, Chapingo, México,

T. Carballas, “Poultry slurry microbial

n and evolution during storage”,

, 1992, pp. 29-34.

E. Witter, “Composition of fresh aerobic and

anaerobic farm animal dungs”, Bioresource Technol., vol. 40,

S. O. Ojeniyi, B. S. Ewulo, andA. J.

Comparative and cumulative effect of cocoa pod

husk ash and poultry manure on soil and maize nutrient contents

Sustain. Agric., vol.1, 2008, pp. 92-

Effect of mineral fertilizer and different sources of

organic manure combination on the growth and grain yield of

sahelian Savanna, Nigeria. Intl. J. agri. And

1096-1100.

Le compost: gestion de la matière organique, Dubusc

242.

Wu, L. X. Zhou, X. D. Liao, and J.

composting of pig manure with

, vol. 22, 2001, pp.1203–1212.

, K.Madhioub, and E. Ammar,

Compost of poultry manure and olive mill wastes as an

Agron. Sustain. Dev., vol. 26, 2006, pp.

Tato,J. G. Zaller, and J. Dominguez,

Compost and vermicompost as nursery pot components: effects

to plant growth and morphology”, Span. J. of Agri. Res.,

P. Ganesh, “Effect of different

biocomposting techniques on physicochemical and biological

Intl. J. of Recent Scientific res., vol. 3(11),

Determination of the nutrient status of the soil

with organic residues for different day in Benin

World J. of Agric. Sci., vol. 4(6), 2008, pp. 731-

, andR. Azcon, “Evolution of humic

substances from unripe compost during incubation with

lignolytic or cellulolytic microorganisms and effects on the

lettuce growth promotion mediated by Azotobacter

Soils, vol. 24, 1997, pp. 59-65.

no, F. Federica, G. Roberta and C. Adelaide,

“Occurrence of dicarboximidic fungicides and their metabolites

residues in commercial compost”, Agronomie, vol. 24, 2004, pp.


Fig.1. Determination of pH in filtrate from

on 30th

day

Fig.2. Effect on EC in filtrate from organic

day

Fig.3. Estimation of NPK contents in filtrate

manure on 30th

day

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2

pH

Different particle sizes of organic manure

0th day 30th day

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

1 2

EC

ds/

m


0th day 30th day

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 1 2 3

Nitrogen Phosphorus

g/1

00g


0th day 30th day


483



Fig.1. Determination of pH in filtrate from organic manure

Fig.2. Effect on EC in filtrate from organic manure on 30

th

Fig.3. Estimation of NPK contents in filtrate from organic

Fig.4. Estimation of biochemical contents in

organic manure on 30

Fig.5. Estimation of biochemical contents in filtrate from

organic manure on 30

1- 1-2cm; 2- 0.1-1mm; 3

3


3


1 2 3

Potassium


30th day

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

1 2 3 1

Nitrate Nitrite

μg

/g


0th day

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 1

Calcium Magnesium

mg/g


0th day



Fig.4. Estimation of biochemical contents in filtrate from

organic manure on 30th

day

biochemical contents in filtrate from

organic manure on 30th

day

1mm; 3- 0.01-0.1mm

2 3 1 2 3

Nitrite Ammonia


30th day

2 3 1 2 3

Magnesium Chloride


30th day


Fig.6. HPLC analysis for separation of compounds from

organic manure (filtrate) on 30

AUTHOR’S PROFILE

Somasundari GanesanIV M.Tech. (6yr Integrated) Biotechnology,

Department of Biotechnology and Genetic

Engineering, Bharathidasan University,

Tiruchirappalli – 620 024

S. Jenny Research Scholar, Dept. of Marine Biotechnology

Bharathidasan University, Trichy

E-mail: [email protected]

Mobile: 8870270507

Educational Qualification:

Ph.D. (Microbiology): Full Time (on

Degree Field University

M.Phil Microbiology Urumu dhanalakshmi College, Trichy

M.Sc Microbiology Srimathi Indira Gandhi College , Trichy

B.Sc Microbiology Srimathi Indira Gandhi College , Trichy

Dr. S. Rajakumar Assistant Professor, Department of Marine

Biotechnology, Bharathidasa University

Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamil Nadu, India

Email: [email protected]

Phone: 0452 – 6587762

Mobile: 91 9600342290

Academic Background ◈ Ph. D., Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore

641046, India (2006) ◈ M. Sc., Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore

641046, India (2001) ◈ B. Sc., Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai

Nadu, India (1997) ◈ Hr. Sec., S.B.K. H.S.S, Kallurani – 626105, Virudhunagar (Dt). Tamil

Nadu, India (1993) ◈ S.S.L.C., S.B.K. H.S.S, Kallurani – 626105. Virudhunagar (Dt). Tamil

Nadu, India (1991)

Area of Specialization: ◈ Marine Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Bioremediation,

and Coastal Zone Management

Dr. P. Malliga Qualification: M. Sc., M. Phil., Ph. D

Institution : Bharathidasan University

Date of Birth: 31-05-1962

Permanent Address: GF-F, Padmavathy

Bank Officers Colony, Lawsons Road, Contonment,

Tiruchirappalli - 620 001

Phone +91-431-2415891, 09443208345, 9487549118

Address for Communication: Associate Professor, Department of Marine

Biotechnology, National Facility for Marine Cyanoba

Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli - 620 024

Phone: +91-431-2407084 (Off )


484



Fig.6. HPLC analysis for separation of compounds from

organic manure (filtrate) on 30th

day

Somasundari Ganesan ntegrated) Biotechnology,

Department of Biotechnology and Genetic

Bharathidasan University,

S. Jenny Marine Biotechnology,

Bharathidasan University, Trichy- 9.

mail: [email protected]

Mobile: 8870270507

Ph.D. (Microbiology): Full Time (on-going)

Passing Year

Urumu dhanalakshmi College, Trichy 2009

Srimathi Indira Gandhi College , Trichy 2008

Srimathi Indira Gandhi College , Trichy 2006

Department of Marine

Bharathidasa University,

Tamil Nadu, India

Ph. D., Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore –

M. Sc., Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore -

e, Chennai – 600030, Tamil

626105, Virudhunagar (Dt). Tamil

626105. Virudhunagar (Dt). Tamil

Marine Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Bioremediation,

Qualification: M. Sc., M. Phil., Ph. D

: Bharathidasan University

F, Padmavathy Block, State

Bank Officers Colony, Lawsons Road, Contonment,

2415891, 09443208345, 9487549118

Address for Communication: Associate Professor, Department of Marine

Biotechnology, National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria (NFMC),

620 024

Email: [email protected]

Educational Qualification:

Degree University

M. Sc., Bharathidasan University

M. Phil., Bharathidasan University

Ph. D., Bharathidasan University

Area Specialization : Lignin Waste Degradation, Biofertilizers



Field Passing Year

Botany 1986

Botany 1988

Botany 1993

Lignin Waste Degradation, Biofertilizers

Documents

Comprehensive Analysis of Different Particle Sizes of ...ijair.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/... · vermicompost. The increased ... difference between biofertilizer