Shree Swaminarayan Institue of Management,Chhaya Main Road,Chhaya- Porbandar.

Institute Code: 810

GCSR SUMMARY FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-13

Group : 1

Established under the Royal Charter issued by His Majesty the King on 21 February, 2010, Bhutan Media Foundation (BMF) is entrusted with the responsible-capable of playing an important role in the social, economic and political growth of the nation. While media in Bhutan is grappling with political so -media are relatively young in Bhutan, is faced with challenges to function sustainably. Moreover, Bhutanese media have very a crucial role to play in creating conditions to pursue Bhutan‘s developmental goal of Support and strengthening media industry will only come through if there are information adequate to gauge the needs and challenges of the industry. Theses the current situation of media and to generate any future planning by related agencies for media development. The purpose of the study is to provide an information base against which to monitor and assess media support activities‘ progress and effectiveness during implementation and after the activity is completed. It is thus intended to help related agencies that render support towards media development set measureable targets based on the data generated by this media baseline study. The study involved a series of consultations with various media stakeholders, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), surveys and desk research. The following are the key findings of the study and recommendations for way forward: 1. Lack of professionalism

Professionalism is the biggest issues of all. There‘s serious dearth of media professionals in the industry. The turnover rate for media people switching jobs and organizations is high. Lack of adequate trainings and skills not only for journalists but also for other media professionals have created challenges with professionalism. 2. Lack of public trust

Public‘s trust in media has drastically declined over the years. Media coverage is seen as inaccurate and lacks in-depth analysis. Media consumers also think that some media are carrying partisan views and get-ting politicized. 3. Lack of adequate technology and infrastructure

Most media organizations are not equipped with adequate technology and infrastructure to function to their full potential. Integrating media technologies to innovate and create alternative platforms for gathering, processing and distribution of media contents is challenging. Media

organizations still lack technical know-how to understand the full potential of using evolving media technologies to improve their productivity. 4. Lack of enabling environment for media development

Media regulation is inadequate. The regulatory authority is grappling with evolving media scenario of media convergence. While the Media Act 2006 is being amended, regulatory authority are still struggling to develop regulations for all forms of media in the country. 5. Mushrooming of media houses

The study found that media industry in Bhutan is in a ―shaky and unstable situation‖. The government‘s media license liberalization policy has invited so many media organizations into the market which are vying for the same share of revenue from the government advertising. New entrants are basically enticed by the lucrative advertising revenues than are motivated by responsibility to inform and educate the people. 6. Urban centric coverage

The study also found that media coverage is mostly urban centric and lacks inclusion of views of all sections of the society. Although media like radio has wider reach and audience, yet the contents it delivered didn‘t necessarily reflect the overall views of the society. Most the media contents reflected the issues and views of urban areas. In line with the above findings the study proposes the following recommendations: Strengthen and promote journalism profession as a career choice and preferred job in the job market. Support the media organizations in professional management of human resources and to retain the experienced and trained media professionals. Provide trainings to media people in journal-ism and other media related professions as in circulation, marketing, graphics and designs, vernacular journalism, media management, new media, etc. Facilitate media literacy projects in order to build critical ability in people to criticize and appreciate media contents and how they function in a democratic society. Encourage citizen journalism by supporting bloggers and online publishers. Support mainstream news media organizations to embrace the new media technology to gather and distribute their contents. Facilitate the ICT infrastructure sharing with media organizations, statutory agencies and ICT service providers to develop integrated media technology. Consolidate the regulatory practice of self-regulation and co-regulation working in partnership with regulatory authority and media organizations. Support media organizations to explore alter-native means of earning to improve their sustainability and pursue true journalism. Encourage by providing incentives to media organizations to expand their coverage on rural issues to balance their contents. Render support to encourage sending correspondents to far flung areas of the country by providing incentives and facilities

Group :2

Travel and tourism grows due to strong increase in arrivals in 2012

Arrivals into Bhutan showed strong growth in 2012. Indian tourists remained the key international arrivals, thanks to the number of schedule and charter flights, as well as a good land transportation service, which is frequently used by Indian tourists visiting the country. Non-Indian arrivals in 2012 were driven by Asian countries like Japan and China whilst European tourists from the UK, Germany and France are also significant.

Local operators dominate travel and tourism

Travel and tourism in Bhutan is still occupied by local companies as they are more familiar with the country than foreign companies. Bhutan government has been trying to encourage foreign investment in Bhutan, focusing on attracting foreign investors to open high-end or luxury-style businesses, such as 5-star hotels. The key player in the transportation is the national airline such as Druk Air.

Online sales show good growth but remain small

Online services have been introduced in various categories, such as car rental, hotels, travel retail and air transportation. Online sales showed healthy growth rates in every category in 2012 in current value terms, but continued to account for small shares of overall sales. The government and Tourism Council of Bhutan have attempted to promote online services in order to boost their popularity as the internet is seen as a key way of encouraging international tourists to actually visit Bhutan.

Paro remains the only international airport, whereas Druk Air opens new routes

Paro is the only international airport in Bhutan and it remains to be the key entrance especially for non-regional tourists meaning those who do not enter Bhutan from India, Bangladesh and Maldives. Buddha Air ceased operations in 2011 due to heavy losses, making Druk Air as the remaining schedule airline. Druk Air introduced new routes from Singapore and Mumbai in September 2012 in order to attract more Asian and European visitors to Bhutan. These new routes are the extension of Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Thailand routes that Druk Air operated before.

Bhutan is expected to welcome more arrivals and grow its travel and tourism industry in a sustainable way

The Tourism Council of Bhutan and the government aim to continue to make all non-regional tourists pay a minimum daily charge of US$250 or US$200 per day depending on time period of year for their visits over the forecast period. This is likely to result in only better-off tourists who can afford to pay the charges visiting Bhutan. The country is keen to welcome more international tourists in the future, but it wants to develop a travel and tourism industry that will protect both the environment and the country’s natural resources. Air transportation will continue to be dominated by Druk Air. Car rental will continue to be run by local operators, and local and traditional hotels will continue to be promoted.

This country assistance program evaluation (CAPE) report presents an evaluation of the

Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance to Bhutan during 2001–2009. The CAPE updates

the 2005 evaluation of ADB assistance to Bhutan and assesses to what extent the 2005 CAPE

lessons and recommendations were reflected in ADB's subsequent country strategy and

programs.

ADB assistance. Since 2001, ADB has approved 12 new Asian Development Fund loans or

grants (in the total amount of $195 million), and one ordinary capital resources loan ($51

million), and nine project preparatory technical assistance (TA) projects ($6.7 million) for

nine investment projects and policy programs, 27 advisory TA projects ($10.8 million), and

three Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction TA grants ($3.5 million). Assistance was provided

for the energy sector (rural electrification, hydropower generation, and sector restructuring),

transport (highways construction and resurfacing, construction of rural feeder roads, limited

capacity development for road planning, safety, and asset management), finance and private

sector development (support for finance sector reforms and the creation of an enabling

environment for micro and small and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs], micro SME credit

lines, expansion of vocational training, and support for labor market and accounting reforms),

urban development (investment support for water and nonwater related infrastructure in

Thimphu, Phuentsholing, and Dagana), fiscal and debt management, health sector reforms,

and international communications.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been extensively involved in the Indian transport

sector over the past 20 years: by the end of 2006, it had made 25 loans totaling $5.28 billion

to the sector, or about one third of ADB’s portfolio of public sector loans to the country.

ADB’s support has gone to and state highways, and rural roads; railways; ports; and inland

waterways. Roads and highways accounted for 75% of ADB’s loan investments in the

sector. ADB also provided 27 advisory technical assistance (TA) projects for sector

restructuring, institutional capacity building, system planning, tariff setting, and asset

revaluation; and 31 project preparatory TA grants for transport project formulation. ADB has

been the lead development partner in the Indian transport sector.

The task of evaluating the performance of this portfolio faced several methodological and

practical challenges. Only 12 of ADB’s transport sector projects in India have been

completed; 11 others are ongoing. Future changes in implementation efficiency, policy, and

unforeseen events will affect the final ratings of the ongoing projects. This sector assistance

program evaluation assesses ADB’s interventions in roads and railways. Ports (from which

ADB withdrew after 1997) and inland waterways (to which ADB took a hesitant approach

before its exit in 2006) are analyzed only briefly in an appendix. Projects and subsectors are

rated on the basis of validated project completion reports, project performance evaluation

reports, discussions with officials of ADB and the Government, field visits, and interviews

with stakeholders. This report is based on facts drawn from close consultations with the

Government officials and ADB staff.

Demand for Transport Infrastructure Poor infrastructure, particularly in the transport sector,

is widely recognized as a major constraint on sustained, rapid economic growth in India. The

Government is making a massive effort to expand and improve the transport network to meet

the high demand, but the billions of dollars needed exceed its funding capacity. Private

investment must, therefore, complement public funding. Appropriate governance systems

need to be put in place to build an enabling framework for the private sector. While recent

experience shows that the private sector has responded to some projects under the National

Highways Development Program (NHDP), the private sector has been less interested in

projects in which there are concerns about financial viability or where it lacks experience in

implementing public-private partnerships.

The VISION 2030 Transportation Committee, led by community volunteer Richard Riley,

recently completed an Executive Summary of Transportation "Big Ideas" and

Recommendations for Hall County. This plan will support the need for two important actions

that are to take place in the community.

1) The Transportation Referendum vote for highway improvements and continued local

support to transit projects. The VISION 2030 Transportation Committee supports the passage

of the vote, which will be held on July 31, 2012.

2) The Gainesville-Hall Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is planning to assist the

City of Gainesville by conduction a comprehensive transportation study. The study will be a

8-10 month process and will kick off in August 2012.

Group :3

There is a wide difference between theoretically knowledge and practical knowledge about handling and managing a business. Only theoretical knowledge can‘t help in managing activities through practical study, knowledge and learning person can only become more eligible and successful. So to fulfil this purpose GTU has introduced the global Country Study Report. GCSR (Global Country Study Report) was introduced with a vision to enable the students to enrich their management knowledge with global perspectives in competitive scenarios. The GTU Allot the different Country For the purpose of GCSR. Our Institute‘s country for GCSR is Bhutan. The main purpose of this report is to find out the current and future business and democratic opportunities of selected country towards the India/Gujarat. In this report we have do detail analysis and the detail survey of on the selected sector/industry of the country which is allotted. Our GCSR country is Bhutan. The main object of this report is to find the current and the future opportunities between Bhutan and India/Gujarat in the sector of mineral industry. The Bhutan has many resources of mineral industry the Bhutan is Bhutan, which is a South Asian country located in the Himalayas between China and India, produced cement, coal, dolomite, ferrosilicon, gypsum, and limestone and exported cement, ferrosilicon, and gypsum. India was Bhutan‘s leading trade partner followed by Bangladesh. The mineral resources of Bhutan include beryl, coal, copper, dolomite, graphite, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, marble, mica, precious stones, pyrite, quartzite, silver, slate, talc, tin, tungsten, and zinc. Bhutan's mineral-resources information was sparse, largely because much of the country is extremely mountainous and lacks roads. Systematic exploration and geologic mapping in Bhutan by the Division of Geology and Mines of the Ministry of Trade and Industry, assisted by the Geological Survey of India, were still at an early stage. The Himalayas are known, however, to include thick sequences of carbonate rocks, and mineral reserves of dolomite, limestone, and quartzite are considered to be quite large. According to an estimate by the United Nations (1991), reserves of dolomite and limestone were about 13.4 billion metric tons and 121.2 million metric tons, respectively. Following are the some data of minerals in Bhutan As well as in India.

Commodity Review Of Bhutan Metals Ferroalloys: In 2010 and for the past several years, BFAL produced about 21,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of ferrosilicon, about 4,200 t/yr of silica fume, and about 2,400 t/yr of magnesium ferrosilicon. BFAL had been the first established industrial venture in Bhutan. It utilized hydroelectric power and local minerals to produce various ferroalloys and supplied the markets in China, India, Japan, Singapore, and the United States. Industrial Minerals Sand and Gravel, Construction, and Stone, Dimension and Crushed: Bhutan‘s Natural Resources Development Co. Ltd. (NRDCL) operated and marketed the output of the country‘s sand and stone quarries. The NRDCL located transportation facilities to control the cost of transporting sand and stone. Through the NRDCL, the Government regulated the prices of sand and stone. 14 Dolomite : Jigme Mining leased the Chunaikhola dolomite mine for 15 years beginning on May 15, 2005, and was eligible to extend the lease for another 15 years based on the DGM‘s Mining Act, Rules & Regulations. Jigme Mining extracted dolomite, and its subsidiary Jigme Industries Pvt. Ltd. manufactured dolomite products. Jigme Industries increased its annual production capacity for dolomite products to 2 million metric tons (Mt) in 2010.

Mineral Fuels and Other Sources of Energy In 2010, owing to increased production costs and increased demand, the country‘s CPI for fuels and lubricants increased by 5.69%, on average, compared with that of 2009, and the CPI for electricity, gas, and other fuels increased by 3.72%, on average, compared with that of 2009. These increases reflected a rapid increase in the consumptions of fuels. Bhutan has abundant hydroelectric power resources, which are used to keep electricity prices relatively low. Commodity Review Of India. Metals Bauxite and Alumina : India was self-sufficient in bauxite with resources estimated to be 3,300 Mt in 841 known deposits. The country‘s resources ranked seventh in the world and most (55%) of them were located in the State of Orissa. Copper: Refined copper production in India came from copper ore mined from domestic mines by HCL and copper concentrate imported by Hindalco Industries Ltd. and Sterlite Industries Ltd. (a unit of Vedanta Resources). Domestic copper ore was low grade and the manufacture of refined copper from it was characterized by high energy consumption owing to the small scale of the operations and minimal use of automation. In addition to the three primary copper producers, Jagadia Copper Ltd. also produced about 50,000 t/yr of refined copper. As a result, India was a net exporter of refined copper. Iron and Steel: National Mineral Development Corp. Ltd. (NMDC) transported 56,000 metric tons per day (t/d) of iron ore and produced 9 Mt/yr from the State for domestic steelmakers. The State of Karnataka banned the export of its iron ore to China in July 2010. The ban was to control illegal miners who had been selling iron ore without paying taxes. 16 The State of Goa ceased exports of iron ore during the monsoon season; later, however, Goa and the States of Jharkhand and Orissa decided to ramp up supplies to China. Goa, Karnataka, and Orissa were the major contributors to India‘s iron ore exports of 120 Mt/yr, of which 75% was procured by China. Manganese: Manganese Ore India Ltd. completed a 500,000-t/yr manganese ore beneficiation plant at its mine in Balaghat in the State of Madhya Pradesh. The company had mined on average 1 Mt/yr of manganese ore during the past 3 years, of which 60% to 65% was supplied to manganese alloy producers. Titanium: Trimex Group of the United Arab Emirates started commercial production of its Srikurmam mineral sands project in the Srikakulam District in the State of Andhra Pradesh with 60,000 t/yr of garnet, 200,000 t/yr of ilmenite, 50,000 t/yr of sillimanite, and 6,000 t/yr each of rutile and zircon. The entire output was for the export market. Cement: India‘s cement consumption continued to increase at a rate of 10% per year. The country added 50 Mt/yr of cement capacity in 2010 to reach a total of 300 Mt/yr. Capacity utilization was 75%, which was down from the 87% utilization rate in 2009. 17 Diamond : India was the world‘s leader in the export of cut and polished diamond, with annual exports valued at $28 billion. The Government launched a diamond exchange (the Bharat Diamond Bourse) in Mumbai, which would be the largest diamond hub in the world. The exchange had 900 trade members and 1,400 provisional members. The country‘s diamond industry could grow by 10% to 15% per year in the next 5 years. The United States was the leading diamond

customer, accounting for 40% of the market; India accounted for 7% of the market and China accounted for 4%. Coal : India‘s coal shortage was expected to be 104 Mt in 2011. Output growth was hampered by difficulties in land acquisition, social and environmental hurdles, and low investments. Expansion of mines and the search for assets overseas would keep coal availability up. Imports of coal were increasing at a fast pace and accounted for 10% of domestic coal consumption. In 2010, power generation used 388 Mt of coal from local production of 572 Mt and imports of 84 Mt. CIL was expected to produce 486 Mt in 2011.

Group :4

Bhutan is a small landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas bordered by China in the North and India on the other 3 sides. Bhutan has a total land area of 38,394 square kilometers and measures approximately 150 kilometers North to South and 300 kilometers East to West. The landscape is characterized by rugged terrain and steep mountain valleys ranging from 150 meters in the sub-tropical valleys in the southern foothills, through temperate zone to heights exceeding 7000 meters in the alpine regions of the mountains. This is the national flag of Bhutan. Bhutan has over 72% of its land under forest cover, including 26% of its area designated as protected areas thereby maintaining its rich biodiversity. The national parks and the wildlife sanctuaries are home to some of the rarest and most significant animals in the world. Bhutan has one of the richest biodiversity in the world with about 3,281 plant species per 10,000 square kilometers and has been declared as one of the 10 global biodiversity ‗hot spots‘. It has been identified as one of the 221 global endemic bird areas. The country‘s forests of temperate and sub-tropical species are home to many rare species of flora and fauna. An estimated 770 species of birds and over 5species.

Research in the field now known as food technology has been conducted for decades. Nicolas Appert‘s development in 1810 of thecanning process was a decisive event. The process wasn‘t called canning then and Appert did not really know the principle on which his process worked, but canning has had a major impact on food preservation techniques.

Louis Pasteur's research on the spoilage of wine and his description of how to avoid spoilage in 1864 was an early attempt to put food technology on a scientific basis. Besides research into wine spoilage, Pasteur did research on the production of alcohol, vinegar, wines and beer, and the souring of milk. He developed pasteurization—the process of heating milk and milk products to destroy food spoilage and disease-producing organisms. In his research into food technology, Pasteur became the pioneer into bacteriology and of modern preventive medicine.

The development of infrastructure is being accorded priority to create productive capacity both in the economy and the people. Emphasis is laid on improving and expanding the national road network, feeder roads, farm roads, telecommunication network, construction of irrigation channels and bridges, urban development and housing, expansion of power

transmission lines and grid, and increasing rural electricity coverage. In the social sector, focus will be on consolidation and improvement of the quality of services. As 69 percent of the population is engaged in the agricultural sector, agricultural exports may seem to be an option to generate foreign currency revenue while at the same time working to enhance rural revenue and improve the standard of living. The Bhutanese government in recent years has been encouraging production of cash crops such as apples, oranges, potatoes and cardamom, aimed at neighbouring markets such as India and Bangladesh. An important issue in its international economic relations has been the negotiation of lower tariffs on Bhutanese products, mainly fruit, by the Bangladeshi government, ensuring a substantial increase in earnings for the fruit (apples and oranges) sector.

These objectives are: Balanced and Equitable Development, to ensure that the benefits of economic growth are widely and equitably shared among different groups and regions. Particular emphasis is accorded to controlled urbanisation through better basic infrastructure and livelihood opportunities for local communities in rural areas, with special attention given to the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Promotion and Preservation of Culture and Heritage, in order to emphasise that Bhutan has both a diversified and at the same time unique cultural heritage, which must be protected while accepting that culture is a dynamic concept, constantly changing and therefore constantly challenged by external dynamics. Good Governance, with a view to strengthening the process of decentralisation and developing the human resources needed for managing an increasingly complex development process. The government also seeks to increase accountability and transparency with the involvement and active participation of a broad spectrum of the population in decision-making. Environmentally Sustainable Development, to ensure that Bhutan develops in a way.

Food has emerged as a political topic par excellence. It is increasingly involved in controversies at a transnational level, in relation to issues of access, dominance, trade and control in a shared global environment. At the same time, innovations in biotechnology and animal domestication have brought ethics to the forefront of food debates. Thus, we live in an era when the ethics and the politics of food must come together.

Bhutan legal:- Rules and Regulations in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the concerned Ministry shall have the power to make the rules and regulations. Authoritative Text in the event of any difference, variation or inconsistency in terms of meaning, language or such other variations between the Dzongkha and English text, the text in Dzongkha shall prevail. Amendment The Food Safety and Quality Commission may review the Act from time to time and propose amendments thereto as and when necessary to the National Assembly of Bhutan for approval.

The Royal Government of Bhutan lists their country's population as 752,700 (2003). The CIA Factbook in 2003 estimated the population at 2,327,849.

One explanation for this discrepancy given inside Bhutan is that the higher CIA numbers ultimately trace back to an inflated population number the Bhutanese government supplied to the United Nations in the early 1970s in order to gain entry into that body (the UN reportedly had a cutoff population of one million at that time. According to this theory the CIA

population experts have retained this original inflated number year after year while adjusting it each year for normal population growth.

Bhutan is a small landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas bordered by China in the North and India on the other 3 sides. Bhutan has a total land area of 38,394 square kilometers and measures approximately 150 kilometers North to South and 300 kilometers East to West. The landscape is characterized by rugged terrain and steep mountain valleys ranging from 150 meters in the sub-tropical valleys in the southern foothills, through temperate zone to heights exceeding 7000 meters in the alpine regions of the mountains. This is the national flag of Bhutan.

Bhutan has over 72% of its land under forest cover, including 26% of its area designated as protected areas thereby maintaining its rich biodiversity. The national parks and the wildlife sanctuaries are home to some of the rarest and most significant animals in the world. Bhutan has one of the richest biodiversity in the world with about 3,281 plant species per 10,000 square kilometers and has been declared as one of the 10 global biodiversity ‗hot spots‘. It has been identified as one of the 221 global endemic bird areas. The country‘s forests of temperate and sub-tropical species are home to many rare species of flora and fauna. An estimated 770 species of birds and over 5species.

Research in the field now known as food technology has been conducted for decades. Nicolas Appert‘s development in 1810 of thecanning process was a decisive event. The process wasn‘t called canning then and Appert did not really know the principle on which his process worked, but canning has had a major impact on food preservation techniques.

Louis Pasteur's research on the spoilage of wine and his description of how to avoid spoilage in 1864 was an early attempt to put food technology on a scientific basis. Besides research into wine spoilage, Pasteur did research on the production of alcohol, vinegar, wines and beer, and the souring of milk. He developed pasteurization—the process of heating milk and milk products to destroy food spoilage and disease-producing organisms. In his research into food technology, Pasteur became the pioneer into bacteriology and of modern preventive medicine.

The development of infrastructure is being accorded priority to create productive capacity both in the economy and the people. Emphasis is laid on improving and expanding the national road network, feeder roads, farm roads, telecommunication network, construction of irrigation channels and bridges, urban development and housing, expansion of power transmission lines and grid, and increasing rural electricity coverage. In the social sector, focus will be on consolidation and improvement of the quality of services. As 69 percent of the population is engaged in the agricultural sector, agricultural exports may seem to be an option to generate foreign currency revenue while at the same time working to enhance rural revenue and improve the standard of living. The Bhutanese government in recent years has been encouraging production of cash crops such as apples, oranges, potatoes and cardamom, aimed at neighbouring markets such as India and Bangladesh. An important issue in its international economic relations has been the negotiation of lower tariffs on Bhutanese

products, mainly fruit, by the Bangladeshi government, ensuring a substantial increase in earnings for the fruit (apples and oranges) sector.

These objectives are: Balanced and Equitable Development, to ensure that the benefits of economic growth are widely and equitably shared among different groups and regions. Particular emphasis is accorded to controlled urbanisation through better basic infrastructure and livelihood opportunities for local communities in rural areas, with special attention given to the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Promotion and Preservation of Culture and Heritage, in order to emphasise that Bhutan has both a diversified and at the same time unique cultural heritage, which must be protected while accepting that culture is a dynamic concept, constantly changing and therefore constantly challenged by external dynamics. Good Governance, with a view to strengthening the process of decentralisation and developing the human resources needed for managing an increasingly complex development process. The government also seeks to increase accountability and transparency with the involvement and active participation of a broad spectrum of the population in decision-making. Environmentally Sustainable Development, to ensure that Bhutan develops in a way.

Food has emerged as a political topic par excellence. It is increasingly involved in controversies at a transnational level, in relation to issues of access, dominance, trade and control in a shared global environment. At the same time, innovations in biotechnology and animal domestication have brought ethics to the forefront of food debates. Thus, we live in an era when the ethics and the politics of food must come together.

Bhutan legal:- Rules and Regulations in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the concerned Ministry shall have the power to make the rules and regulations. Authoritative Text in the event of any difference, variation or inconsistency in terms of meaning, language or such other variations between the Dzongkha and English text, the text in Dzongkha shall prevail. Amendment The Food Safety and Quality Commission may review the Act from time to time and propose amendments thereto as and when necessary to the National Assembly of Bhutan for approval.

The Royal Government of Bhutan lists their country's population as 752,700 (2003). The CIA Factbook in 2003 estimated the population at 2,327,849.

One explanation for this discrepancy given inside Bhutan is that the higher CIA numbers ultimately trace back to an inflated population number the Bhutanese government supplied to the United Nations in the early 1970s in order to gain entry into that body (the UN reportedly had a cutoff population of one million at that time. According to this theory the CIA population experts have retained this original inflated number year after year while adjusting it each year for normal population growth.

Group :5coverage is seen as inaccurate and lacks in-depth analysis. Agrobased consumers also think that some agrobased are carrying partisan views and get-ting politicized. 3. Lack of adequate technology and infrastructure

Most agrobased organizations are not equipped with adequate technology and infrastructure to function to their full potential. Integrating agrobased technologies to innovate and create alternative platforms for gathering, processing and distribution of agrobased contents is challenging. Agrobased organizations still lack technical know-how to understand the full potential of using evolving agrobased technologies to improve their productivity. 4. Lack of enabling environment for agrobased development

Agrobased regulation is inadequate. The regulatory authority is grappling with evolving agrobased scenario of agrobased convergence. While the Agrobased Act 2006 is being amended, regulatory authority are still struggling to develop regulations for all forms of agrobased in the country. 5. Mushrooming of agrobased houses

The study found that agrobased industry in Bhutan is in a “shaky and unstable situation”. The government‟s agrobased license liberalization policy has invited so many agrobased organizations into the market which are vying for the same share of revenue from the government advertising. New entrants are basically enticed by the lucrative advertising revenues than are motivated by responsibility to inform and educate the people. 6. Urban centric coverage

The study also found that agrobased coverage is mostly urban centric and lacks inclusion of views of all sections of the society. Although agrobased like radio has wider reach and audience, yet the contents it delivered didn‟t necessarily reflect the overall views of the society. Most the agrobased contents reflected the issues and views of urban areas. In line with the above findings the study proposes the following recommendations: 9 Strengthen and promote journalism profession as a career choice and preferred job in the job market. Support the agrobased organizations in professional management of human resources and to retain the experienced and trained agrobased professionals. Provide trainings to agrobased people in journal-ism and other agrobased related professions as in circulation, marketing, graphics and designs, vernacular journalism, agrobased management, new agrobased, etc. Facilitate agrobased literacy projects in order to build critical ability in people to criticize and appreciate agrobased contents and how they function in a democratic society. Encourage citizen journalism by supporting bloggers and online publishers. Support mainstream news agrobased organizations to embrace the new agrobased technology to gather and distribute their contents. Facilitate the ICT infrastructure sharing with agrobased organizations, statutory agencies and ICT service providers to develop integrated agrobased technology. Consolidate the regulatory practice of self-regulation and co-regulation working in partnership with regulatory authority and agrobased organizations. Support agrobased organizations to explore alter-native means of earning to improve their sustainability and pursue true journalism. Encourage by providing incentives to agrobased organizations to expand their coverage on rural issues to balance their contents. Render support to encourage sending correspondents to far flung areas of the country by providing incentives and facilities

Group:6A treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by

independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned to Bhutan the areas annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty to allow Bhutan greater autonomy in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate policy decisions in this area with New Delhi Economic Overview Bhutan Bhutan's economy, small and less developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 40% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government''s desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. The import of equipment and fuel to build hydropower plants is leading to large trade and current account deficits, though new hydropower projects and electricity exports to India are creating employment and will probably sustain growth in the coming years. GDP has rebounded strongly since the global recession began in 2008.

Economic Overview IndiaIndia is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and have served to accelerate the country's growth, which averaged fewer than 7% per year since 1997. India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output, with less than one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services, business outsourcing services, and software workers. High international crude prices have exacerbate the government's fuel subsidy expenditures, contributing to a higher fiscal deficit and a worsening current account deficit. In late 2012, the Indian Government announced additional reforms and deficit reduction measures to reverse India's slowdown, including allowing higher levels of foreign participation in direct investment in the economy. The outlook for India's medium-term growth is positive due to a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy. India has many long-term challenges that it has yet to fully address, including poverty, corruption, violence and discrimination against women and girls, an inefficient power generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights, decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration.

History of the origin of cement An early version of cement made with lime, sand, and gravel was used in Mesopotamia in the third millennium B.C. and later in Egypt. It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a

combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture but concrete made from such mixtures was first used by the Ancient Macedonian sand three centuries later on a large scale by Roman engineers. Although any preservation of this knowledge in literary sources from the middle Ages is unknown, medieval masons and some military engineers maintained an active tradition of using hydraulic cement in structures such as canals, fortresses, harbors, and shipbuilding facilities. The technical knowledge of making hydraulic cement was later formalized by French and British engineers in the 18th century.

Group:7Tourism industry is the one of the highest commercial industries. People have always travelled to distant parts of the world to see monuments, arts and culture, taste new cuisine etc. Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment not for leisure, business and other purposes”. WTO classified tourism in various types i.e. Domestic Tourism, inbound Tourism, Outbound Tourism, Internal Tourism, National Tourism, International Tourism. Tourism has become a major and an integral part of economic, social and physical development. It comprises complete system of nature, the universe, the space and the galaxy which includes the man and his activities, wildlife, mountain and valleys, rivers and waters, forest and trees, social and cultural system, flora and fauna, weather and climate, sun and the sea. Bhutan is naturally attractive place in bordering country of India. There is many beautiful place in Bhutan, Which is attracting visitors to visit Bhutan. In Bhutan there are different types of visitors who visit with their different purpose. There is 7,50,000 population in Bhutan. Bhutan has breezy and calm atmosphere, so its attracting point of visitors. There is 1.035 billion visitors are arrive in Bhutan.Main attractions of Bhutan’s are natural scenes, valley, traditional atmosphere etc.

In 2012 there is growth rate is 64.62% increase than 2011. 80.33% tourists arrive in Bhutan for holidays and 11% for official purpose and 4.49% for business purpose. For increasing tourist Bhutan tourism industry provides different schemes for visitors, and they also provide comprehensive and satisfying trip. Indian tourism is the backbone of all correlated sector. It is a one of the profitable industries in India. Indian Government has invested abundantly in the past for infrastructure development. It has been partially successful with increase in foreign tourist arrivals over the last decade, courtesy “Incredible India Campaign”. Infrastructure in the hospitality sector is still a matter of concern amongst other factors like season-based tourism in some states. Tourism industry grant 2.5% part in GDP. It is the 3rd largest foreign exchange for the country. India ranks 42 in United Nations world tourism organization rankings for tourism arrivals in the country. There is 62,90,319 visitors arrival in India in 2010. From that income incur is Rs 64889 crores in 2010. For attracting visitors in India, it has the great monument of Taj Mahal, and also different place of religious, hill station, beaches, cities, natural scene etc are the main attraction place in India. Government of India also makes many policies for tourism industry and also takes many steps for improvement of tourism industry.

India is Bhutan's largest trading partner, absorbing over 90 percent of Bhutan’s exports consisting of fruit, electricity, timber, spices and gemstones. Imports, of which nearly 75 percent originate in India, consist primarily of petroleum products, machinery and vehicles. the earnings

in rupee terms recorded an increase of around 28%, i.e. from Rs. 50730 crores in 2008 to Rs. 64889 crores in 2010. In the contrary, the increase in dollar terms was comparatively less at about 20.8% during the same period.