COMPILATION OF COMMODITY AND ENERGY BALANCES

NOOR AIZAH A.KARIMHead, Energy Information

Energy Commission Of Malaysiaaizah@st.gov.my

International Workshop On Energy Statistics

Beijing, China24-26 September 2012

• Introduction• Commodity Balance• Energy Balance• Energy Flows• Energy Balance Model• Component Data Balance Requirement• Statistical Difference• Energy Balance Process• Energy Balance Parameters• Example of Balances• Conclusion

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OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS

• The most frequently used and referred energy database for Malaysia is the National Energy Balance (NEB) which is published annually.

• It was design to illustrate comprehensive statistical report on national energy supply and demand balance.

• Fundamental input of the NEB is based on various data supplied by diverse range of data providers inclusive of relevant government agencies, power utilities, independent power producers (IPPs), private oil and gas companies as well as the cement iron and steel manufacturers.

INTRODUCTION

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COMMODITY BALANCE

• ..... a balance for each energy commodity that uses the units usually associated with that commodity.

• Energy commodity can be either primary or secondary.

• It shows the flow of the commodity from its sources of supply through to its final use.

ENERGY BALANCE• Presents the commodity balances in a

common unit and places alongside one another in a manner that show the dependence of the supply of one commodity on another.

• some of the commodities are by product of others.

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Energy Flows

Primary Commodity

Secondary Commodity

Final Use

Extraction from reserve Imports Exports

Imports Exports

ENERGY BALANCE MODEL

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ENERGY BALANCE MODEL

• The overall energy balance is based on the simple accounting of the country’s total energy input and the total output using a common unit for the various forms of energy. For our country, the forms of energy are termed as energy products . Examples include, crude oil, natural gas, diesel, gasoline, LPG, LNG, electricity etc.

• All energy products are converted into the common unit of Kilo Tonne of Oil Equivalent, ktoe, for the accounting of the energy balance

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ENERGY BALANCE MODEL

INPUT SIDE OUTPUT SIDE

The data collected for the energy-input side of the balance equation comprises: 1.Beginning Stock 2.Supply-Local Purchase 3.Supply-Primary Production 4.Supply-Foreign Imports

The data collected for the energy-output of the balance equation comprises: 1.Ending Stock 2.Own Consumption / Own Use 3.Conversion Process 4.Sales (5 distributor channels) 5.Losses (5 loss categories)

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COMPONENT DATA BALANCE REQUIREMENTS

• To achieve a completely balance situation for every component in our model, each energy data contributor will be required to submit their set of energy data in the manner conforming to the input-output balance model described above.

• Individual energy product imbalances will have to be captured as Losses under any of the 5 categories (flaring, operational, storage, transport, others)

• It is important that this low level balance is achieved in the original units of measure (e.g. in kiloliters, metric tons or kilo barrels) as some discrepancies is expected when all the original units are converted into KTOE for all the energy products. 10

STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE• The basic sequence adhered to in the overall balance is:-

Production + Imports - Exports +/- Stock change = Apparent inland deliveries (or consumption)

• “Apparent inland deliveries” deduced from supply statistics hardly ever match the actual sales data. It is necessary, therefore, to include two “statistical discrepancies” – the first to account for the difference in apparent inland delivery of

primary supply mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining actual stock change data and difference in data compilation at source, and

– the second to account for the difference in secondary supply as the result of the transformation processes of one form of energy to another.

• the statistical discrepancies also act as a balancing tool to minimize possible errors.

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ENERGY BALANCE PROCESSES

Raw Data Files

Input forms – F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and C1

System Compilation Data Conversion Data Organization

Processing Data and Generating Report

Validating Data Balanced Check

Energy

Balance System

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ENERGY BALANCE PARAMETERS

No. Categories Form No. Forms Description

1. Energy Supply, Production and Generation

F1Stock of Energy Products (Opening Stock & Closing Stock)

F2Energy Intake Into Plant / Process / Operations

F3Energy Own Consumption and Conversions / Operation

F4Sales of Energy Products by Distribution Channels

F5 Losses of Energy Products2. Energy

Consumption Sectors

C1 Final Energy Consumption Sectors

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ENERGY BALANCE PARAMETERS

No Product Name Product Description No Product Name Product Description No Product Name Product Description

1 ATF (Aviation Turbine Fuel) 38 Electricity Electricity 75 Light Detergent Feedstock 2 Aviation Gas (AVGas) 39 Fuel Oil Bunker 76 Liquid Lubricants

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ATF & Av Gas

DPK (Dual Purpose Kerosene) 40 Fuel Oil 77 MTBE

4 Brown Coal Coke 41 Fuel Oil - Cogen 78 Naptha

5 Bituminuous Coal 42 Fuel Oil - Thermal - Steam 79 Oil Slops

6 Charcoal 43 Fuel Oil - Thermal - Utility sets 80 Other Lubes

7 Coal - Thermal - Steam 44 Fuel Oil (other than Residual) 81 Petroleum Solvent (Others)

8 Coke (Semi Coke) 45 Residual Fuel Oil 82 Platformate / Reformate

9 Fuel Wood 46

Fuel Oil

Fuel Oil (LSWR) 83 Petroleum Jelly

10 Graphite 47 Elect - Hydro - Major 84 Solid Lubricants

11 Gas Coke 48

Hydro Power

Elect - Hydro - Mini 85 Other Waxes

12 Lignite (Brown Coal) 49 Kerosene Regular Kerosene 86 Petroleum Waxes

13 Lignite Briquettes 50 Liqufied Natural Gas LNG Liquiefied Natural Gas 87

Waxy Raffinates

14 Other Coal 51 LPG LPG Liquiefied Petroleum Gas 88 Local Condensate

15 Peat 52 Mogas (Others) 89 Crude Residuum

16 Pattern Fuel Briquettes 53 Mogas (w Naptha L 92 RON) 90 Foreign Condensates

17 Petroleum Coke 54 Mogas (w Naptha UL 92 RON) 91 Residuee (FE)

18 Retort Carbon 55 Mogas (w Naptha UL 97 RON) 92

Others

Slops Reprocessed

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Coal & Coke

Semi Coke 56 Mogas (wout Naptha L 92 RON) 93 Private Licencee Fossil Elect - Private Licensee - Diesel

20 Elect - Cogen - Diesel 57 Mogas (wout Naptha UL 92 RON) 94 Elect - Private Licencee - Natgas

21 Elect - Cogen - Fuel Oil 58

Motor Petrol

Mogas (wout Naptha UL 97 RON) 95 Private Licencee Renewable Elect - Private Licencee - Biomass

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Co-Generation Fossil

Elect - Cogen - Natgas 59 Butane 96 Flared Gas

23 Elect - Cogen - Biomass 60 Ethane 97

Refinery Gas

Refinery Gas

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Co-Generation Renewable

Elect - Cogen - Palm Oil 61 Methane 98 Solar Elect - Solar

25 Local Crude Oil 62 Natural Gas Fuel 99 Elect - Thermal - Combined Cycle - Diesel

26 Other Foreign Crude Oil 63 Natural Gas 100 Elect - Thermal - Combined Cycle - Natgas

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Crude Oil

West Asian Crude Oil 64 NatGas - Thermal - Combined Cycle 101 Elect - Thermal - Geothermal

28 Diesel Oil Bunker 65 NatGas - Cogen 102 Elect - Thermal - Steam - Biomass

29 Diesel Oil 66 NatGas - Thermal - Open Cycle 103 Elect - Thermal - OpenCycle - Diesel

30 Diesel - Cogen 67 NatGas - Private Licencee 104 Elect - Thermal - OpenCycle - Natgas

31 Diesel - Thermal - Open Cycle 68 NatGas - Thermal - Steam 105 Elect - Thermal - Steam - Coal

32 Diesel - Private Licencee 69

Natural Gas

Propane 106 Elect - Thermal - Steam - Diesel

33 Diesel - Thermal - Steam 70 Bitumen / Asphalt / Mexphalte 107 Elect - Thermal - Steam - Fuel Oil

34 Diesel - Thermal - Utility Sets 71 Bitumen Mastics 108 Elect - Thermal - Steam - Natgas

35 Gas Oil 72 Heavy Detergent Feedstock 109

Thermal

Elect - Thermal - Utility Sets - Diesel

36 73 White/Industrial Spirit

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Diesel

High Speed Diesel Fuel 74

Non Energy

Lubes / Grease

110 Wind Turbine Elect - Wind Turbine 14

ENERGY BALANCE PARAMETERS1. Residential/Domestic

Retail - Residential Public Lighting

2. Commerical

Retail - Commercial Wholesale & Retail (Hotel / Complexes) Real Estate & Services Government & Military

3. Agriculture

Agriculture & Livestock

4. Non Engery

Non Energy Use

5. Industrial

Retail - Industry Forestry & Logging Fishing Mining & Quarry Construction Refining Ceramic Food, Beverage & Tobacco Glass & Glass Products Rubber, Plastic & Non Metalic Wood & Furniture Textile Apparel & Leather Power Generation Brick Cement Iron, Steel & Metal Pulp, Paper Products & Printing Chemical & Petrochemical Other Oil Companies General Manufacturing (Others)

6. Transportation

Retail - Transportation Road Rail Air Inland Water

7. Utility

Utility Generation - TNB Utility Generation - SESCO Utility Generation - SEB Utility Generation - Others

8. Bunker

International Shipping

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ELECTRICITY PARAMETERS

No Fuels input to power plant Technology of power plant

1 Diesel Cogen Cogeneration

2 Diesel - Thermal – Open Cycle Thermal Open Cycle

3 Diesel – Private Licencee Private Licencee

4 Diesel – Thermal - Steam Thermal Steam

5 Diesel - Thermal – Utility sets Thermal Utility Sets

6 Diesel – Thermal – Combined Cycle Thermal Combined Cycle

7 Fuel Oil Cogen Cogeneration

8 Fuel Oil - Thermal - Steam Thermal steam

9 Fuel Oil – Thermal – utility Sets Thermal Utility Sets

10 Coal – Thermal - Steam Thermal Steam

11 Natural Gas - Cogen Cogeneration

12 Natural Gas - Thermal – Open Cycle Thermal Open Cycle

13 Natural Gas – Private Licencee Private Licencee

14 Natural Gas – Thermal - Steam Thermal Steam

15 Natural Gas - Thermal – Utility sets Thermal Utility Sets

16 Natural Gas - Thermal – Combined Cycle Thermal Combined Cycle

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ELECTRICITY PARAMETERS

No Output/End products Technology Fuels/Input

1 Electricity – Thermal – Combined Cycle - Diesel

Thermal Combined Cycle

Diesel – Thermal – Combined Cycle

2 Electricity – Thermal – Combined Cycle – Natural Gas

Thermal Combined Cycle

Natural Gas – Thermal – Combined Cycle

3 Electricity – Thermal – Open Cycle – Diesel

Thermal Open Cycle Diesel – Thermal – Open Cycle

4 Electricity – Thermal – Open Cycle – Natural Gas

Thermal Open Cycle Natural Gas – Thermal – Open Cycle

5 Electricity – Thermal – Steam - Coal Thermal Steam Coal – Thermal – Steam

6 Electricity – Thermal – Steam - Diesel Thermal Steam Diesel – Thermal – Steam

7 Electricity – Thermal – Steam – Fuel Oil

Thermal Steam Fuel Oil – Thermal – Steam

8 Electricity – Thermal – Steam – Natural Gas

Thermal Steam Natural Gas – Thermal – Steam

9 Electricity – Thermal – Utility Sets - Diesel

Thermal Utility Sets Diesel – Thermal – Utility Sets

10 Electricity – Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Wind

11 Electricity – Solar Solar Solar

12 Electricity – Cogen – Diesel Cogeneration Diesel- Cogen

13 Electricity – Cogen – Fuel Oil Cogeneration Fuel Oil - Cogen

14 Electricity – Cogen – Natural Gas Cogeneration Natural Gas - Cogen

15 Electricity – Cogen – Biomass Cogeneration Biomass - Cogen

16 Electricity – Cogen – Palm Oil Cogeneration Palm Oil - Cogen

17 Electricity – Private Licencee – Diesel Private Licencee Diesel – Private Licencee

18 Electricity – Private Licencee – Natgas Private Licencee Natural gas – Private Licencee

19 Electricity – Private Licencee – Biomass

Private Licencee Biomass – Private Licencee

20 Electricity – Hydro – Major Hydro Power Hydro

21 Electricity – Hydro – Mini Hydro Power Hydro 17

EXAMPLE: OIL AND GAS

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EXAMPLE: MARKETING COMPANY

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EXAMPLE: ELECTRICITY

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CONCLUSION• Malaysia Energy Information Hub(MEIH)

http://meih.st.gov.my - a portal developed by the Energy Commission, aim to expedite data collection process & reduce human error.

• It is a centralised system for two main users :

i) data providers for data submission activity and;

ii) the public for accessing the national energy related data.

• The hub contained not only the time series of energy supply and demand balance but also the information on performance and statistics of electricity supply and piped gas supply industries.

 

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@www.st.gov.my