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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Comparison of the chemical composition of
mineralized and unmineralized (barren)
samples of the Morn"son Formation in
the Ambrosia Lake uranium area,
New Mexico
By
Charles S. Spirakis, Charles T. Pierson, and Harry C. Granger
Open-File Report 81-508
1981
Abstract
Existing multielement spectrographic and chemical analyses of samples
from the Morrison Formation were used to determine the chemical
characteristics of primary and secondary uranium ore, barren sandstones, and
mineralized and unmineralized mudstones. The analyses were for 696 sandstone
samples and 32 mudstone samples from mines in the Ambrosia Lake area of New
Mexico, 100 other sandstone samples from the Ambrosia Lake area, and 321
sandstone samples from elsewhere in the San Juan basin. Statistical treatment
of the data indicates that organic carbon, beryllium, vanadium, uranium,
molybdenum, selenium, lead, manganese, yttrium, copper, iron, barium,
strontium, aluminum, magnesium, potassium and possibly sodium, sulfur,
arsenic, and mercury are concentrated in the primary ore; aluminum, uranium,
vanadium, selenium, manganese, calcium, strontium, sodium(?), copper, iron,
carbonate carbon, and barium are enriched in the secondary ore; and organic
carbon, uranium, vanadium, beryllium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and
lead were added to the mineralized mudstones.
Introduction
The major goal of this study is to summarize the chemical characteristics
of the uranium deposits in the Ambrosia Lake area of New Mexico. It is hoped
that this information may be useful for placing some restrictions on the
source(s) of the elements in these deposits, on the nature of the solutions
that transported these elements, and on the geochemistry of the precipitation
mechanism(s). These data might also be helpful in identifying dispersion
haloes of various elements around the deposits and in characterizing the
chemistry of the alteration associated with these deposits. Similar studies
are being conducted in other uranium districts. Both the similarities and
differences of the chemical characteristics of the districts are likely to add
to our understanding of the genesis of sedimentary uranium deposits.
The Ambrosia Lake area is a major uranium producing district in the
southern part of the San Juan basin (figure 1). In the district, the Upper
Jurassic Morrison Formation is known to contain two types of uranium deposits
(Granger, 1968). One is primary ore, which is also referred to as trend or
prefault ore. The other type of deposit is termed redistributed, secondary,
postfault, or stack ore. Unstructured organic matter (usually referred to as
humate or humic material) is intimately associated and coextensive with the
primary ore and is widely believed to be critical to the genesis of these
deposits. The secondary ore is thought to have been derived from the primary
ore and probably is genetically similar to roll-type deposits in many ways.
Nature of the data
Rather than collecting new data, we used data that already existed for
the study. Most of the data for the approximately 700 samples used in this
study were taken from Granger (1966). The other major source of data was the
computerized chemical data bank of the U.S. Geological Survey, referred to as
RASS (Rock Analysis Storage System). All of the analyses were made by
personnel of the analytical laboratories of the Geological Survey. Interested
readers may obtain a copy of the original data for the cost of retrieval from
the computer files.
37° JTAHCOLORADO
Figure 1.-Location of the Ambrosia Lake district, northwestern New Mexico. From Santos (1970).
The elements considered in this study are shown on figure 2. A variety
of analytical techniques, including spectroscopy, fluorimetry, radiometry,
gasometry, and wet chemical methods, were used to obtain the chemical data.
Not all of the elements were determined for every sample. Quantitative
chemical data for uranium were produced by wet chemical methods, fluorimetry,
and neutron activation analysis. Other elements for which quantitative
results were available are organic carbon, carbonate carbon, total carbon,
selenium, arsenic, sulfur, equivalent uranium, and total iron as Fe203. Most
of the remaining data are from 3-step or 6-step semiquantitative emission
spectrographic analysis. These data are presented as midpoints (.15, .3, and
.7 for 3-step and .15, .2, .3, .5, .7, and 1.0 for 6-step) of geometric
brackets whose boundaries are 0.12, 0.26, 0.56, and 1.2 for 3-step and 0.12,
0.18, 0.26, 0.38, 0.56, 0.83, and 1.2 for 6-step. Thus there are either three
or six brackets for every order of magnitude; the boundaries and midpoints for
higher or lower values are the same as these except for the position of the
decimal. In 3-step data, about 60% of the results will be in the correct
bracket. The precision of a reported value in 6-step data is approximately
plus-or-minus one bracket at the 68-percent confidence level and plus-or-minus
two brackets at the 95-percent confidence level.
Large sets of spectrographic analytical data, such as this one,
inevitably include results from samples that contain too little of certain
elements to permit accurate determinations of their abundances. Data for such
samples in these results were presented in two categories. One category was
for samples with such a low concentration of some element that no evidence for
the presence of the element was found (N for "not detected" in the data); the
FIGU
RE 2.
ELEMENTS ST
UDIE
D
ADEQUATELY EX
AMIN
ED
& \,\ Na K 7V
o, ?l
\ V
(.0 t^
V
^Mg
.060
^%
Ca
, oos
"5^
-
Sr
A fr
X
Ba
V./:
Sc
S f
P/^
Y \/o p
r-v-
La
>C Zr
Hf
^ Nb
Ta
^ Mo
\ W
uu l
LW
i
L-u/
in
ii_n
V7i\
MU
o
r^rn
U
L. ^
dete
ctio
n lim
its
belo
w
elem
ent
sym
bols
Mn
Re
^ p
r:
V|
Ru
lOO
P
TM
Os
Nd
Co
Rh Ir
Ni
Pd Pt
Ou
/Ag
Au
Sm
Eu
Zn 100
f'l'N
Cd
^
J;
\ \
\ \
\
, ^ ft
t»'in
'
Tl7
^)R
Gv /"*^
vMIN
x\n
l) v\ Si/
Ge - / &&̂ /
/7
/oo
IT&
\
|C
\l! m^^
_rn
_V
\^^^ ̂
ij*
Te
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Trh
Yb
Lt
of P
'TOO ITA>
t t>
t>O
100
f r*-
»,o
too
^--Multiple
detection
limits,
see
comm
ents
in
Table
1.
--Li
mite
d da
ta
other category was for samples in which the element was present but at too low
a concentration to permit an accurate determination (L for "less than the
limit of determination" in the data).
In order to avoid adding zeros to the data set, a value of one-half of
the determination limit was arbitrarily substituted for samples in the first
category (N) and three-quarters of the detection limit was substituted for
samples in the second category (L). The only exception to this method for
estimating the concentration of an element was for organic carbon. For
samples in which the concentration of organic carbon was below the limit of
analytical sensitivity, its concentration was estimated on the basis of the
color of the sample.
Data handling and results
On the basis of field relationships (described by Granger, 1966) and
uranium contents, the 696 analyses of sandstone samples listed in Granger
(1966) were divided into the following four groups: (1) 413 analyses of
primary ore (P), including adjacent sandstones with more than 100 ppm uranium;
(2) 101 analyses of secondary ore (S), including adjacent sandstones with
more than 100 ppm uranium; (3) 63 analyses of barren oxidized rock samples
collected near ore (BO); and (4) 119 analyses of barren reduced rock samples
collected near ore (8R). Mudstones were separated into a mineralized group
(MM with 15 samples) and an unmineralized group (MU with 17 samples). For
classification purposes, samples with more than 100 ppm uranium were
considered mineralized; those with less than 100 ppm uranium were considered
barren. All of these samples came from mines. In order to determine the
chemical changes associated with the ore-forming processes, it was necessary
to compare these groups to a group of samples not in close proximity to
mineralized rocks. An appropriate group of analyses for such a comparison was
obtained by searching the USGS computer files (RASS) for analyses of Morrison
sandstones from the Ambrosia Lake area with less than 100 ppm uranium. The
search produced a group (SSJB) of 100 analyses, many of which were for samples
from outcrops remote from ore. This group contained 8 or fewer analyses each
for, organic, carbonate, and total carbon, selenium, iron as Fe203, and
sulfur too few for valid statistical comparisons. A more useful data set
(SJB of 321 samples) for these elements was obtained by searching the computer
files for analyses of unmineralized Morrison samples from the entire San Juan
basin.
Unfortunately many of the samples in both groups from nonmineralized
areas were from outcrops that were subject to weathering. Consequently, an
apparent enrichment of some element in the ore samples relative to the
unmineralized groups (SJB or SSJB) could be due to leaching of the outcrops
instead of enrichment related to ore forming processes. In order to avoid
misinterpretations caused by this leaching, we double-checked all conclusions
based on comparisons of ore samples to barren samples removed from ore in this
manner: the mean concentrations of each element in subsets of high grade ore
(P with U greater than 1000 ppm and S with U greater than 1000 ppm) and in a
subset of ore defined by field relationships as part of the dark-grey tabular
ore body were compared to the mean concentrations in subsets of barren rock
adjacent to ore with uranium contents of less than 50 ppm (BR with U less than
50 ppm, and BO with U less than 50 ppm). Results for specific elements are
included in the comments on Table 1. For some elements, it was also
informative to compare the means of our groups to the means for sandstones
compiled by Turekian and Wedepohl (1961).
Summary statistics shown in Table 1 were calculated by computer using the
USGS STATPAC programs. The minimum and maximum values and the geometric
deviations provide information on the spread of the data, and the number of N
and L values reveals how many values had to be estimated in order to arrive at
the geometric means for each element in each group. According to Fisher
(1950), the logarithms of geochemical data approach a normal distribution more
closely than do the untransformed values in ppm or percent; consequently,
geometric means (which are based on the logarithms of the data) are a better
measure of the central tendency of the data than are arithmetic means. These
geometric means were used to identify differences in the concentrations of the
elements among groups.
Tests for statistical significance of differences between the above
mentioned sample groups for a given element were made with a programmable
hand-held calculator utilizing a "t" test described by Natrella (1963, p. 3-
36). Summary statistics used in the test are the means and variances of the
logarithmic values and the number of samples in each group. A standard table
giving percentiles of the t distribution was used to determine whether the
observed differences were significant at the 95 percent confidence level. It
is this significance that is referred to in the comments in Table 1 and in the
observations. The samples were not collected in anticipation of statistical
treatment; consequently, they were not collected in a truely random manner and
are not ideally suited for statistical tests.
The number of samples analyzed for mercury was too small for a valid
statistical comparison. If, however, the mercury data are plotted across the
deposits (figure 3), a concentration of mercury in the primary ores is
suggested.
Observations
Organic carbon, beryllium, uranium, vanadium, molybdenum, selenium, lead,
manganese, magnesium, iron, barium, yttrium, copper, and possibly, sulfur,
arsenic, and mercury were enriched in the primary ore deposits and adjacent
sandstones containing more than 100 ppm uranium (figure 4). Calcium,
strontium, sodium, and inorganic carbon have significantly greater mean
concentrations in the primary ore than in the barren rocks distant from ore
but this difference may be the result of leaching of these elements from
outcrop samples in the unmineralized groups. The high concentrations of
strontium and to a lesser extent sodium in high-grade ore samples and in ore
defined by field relationships suggest that the distribution of strontium and
probably sodium is at least in part due to addition of these elements to the
primary ore. Similar reasoning indicates that potassium and aluminum were
also added to the primary ore. Calcium, strontium, and inorganic carbon have
a greater abundance in the secondary ore (S) than in the primary ore (P) or in
the barren reduced rock near ore (BR). This difference indicates that these
elements were added to the secondary ore. Other elements that were added to
the secondary ore deposits include aluminum, uranium, vanadium, selenium,
manganese, iron, barium, copper, and possibly sodium (figure 5). The apparent
lack of molybdenum in the secondary deposits might be a reflection of a zonal
segregation of molybdenum down the hydrologic gradient from the secondary ore
.].
Morc
-nry
»:n
iicr»
n t m
1,1
OM
M
com
pn P
O<!
l.o
iirn
nlu
in
conc'-n I,
rn I,
i 01
1:1
nn
'i ore
cl
(%|>
nn
i1.n
1n
the
Ain
bro
n i
n,
hn
ko
d
iMtr
ict.
Q.
n.
CT>
re
o
o
oC
O
r^-"
O
r-
CM
O
O
O
t
O oo
o
o
o
Prim
ary
o
re
2 fe
et
llg
U
Prim
ary
ore
. 2
feet
Prim
ary
ore
,_ Jr
. .fo
ot
Sec
onda
ry
ore
, a
feet
-...,
10
Figu
re h.
Elements ad
equately examined in th
e pr
imar
y ore
(?)
and
thos
e en
rich
ed o
r de
plet
ed in
th
e pr
imar
y ore
relative to b
arre
n ro
cks
distant
from ore
in the
Ambr
osia
La.ke
area
(S
SJB)
.
Limited
data
suggest
that me
rcur
y, sulfur,
and
arse
nic
are
also
en
rich
ed in th
e primary
ore.
11
Figure 5«
Elem
ents
adequately ex
amin
ed in tr
ie se
cond
ary
ore
(S)
and
thos
e enriched or de
plet
ed in the
seco
ndar
y or
e
relative to barren ro
cks
dist
ant
from
or
e in th
e
Ambrosia Lake area (S
SJB)
.
12
deposits. Although this secondary segregation has either not been observed or
not recognized around these specific deposits, it is known to occur in other
roll-type deposits (Harshman, 1974). The results of our statistical tests
indicate that calcium, barium, strontium, vanadium, carbonate carbon, and
aluminum are significantly more concentrated in the secondary ore deposits
than in the primary ore deposits. The data also indicate a statistically
significant depletion of chromium, zirconium, and gallium in sandstones in and
around the ore deposits compared to unmineralized rock distant from the ore.
The concentrations of organic carbon, uranium, beryllium, vanadium,
molybdenum, selenium, lead, and manganese are greater in the mineralized
mudstones (MM) than in the nonmineralized mudstones (MU). A depletion of
chromium and zirconium in the mineralized mudstones (MM) relative to the
unmineralized mudstones (MU) is suggested by the data but is not statistically
significant. An apparent enrichment of gallium in the mineralized mudstones
relative to unmineralized mudstones also was not statistically valid.
13
References cited
Adams, S. S., Curtis, H. S., Hafen, P. L., and Salek-Nejad, H., 1978;
Interpretation of postdepositional processes related to the formation and
destruction of the Jackpile Paguate uranium deposit, northwest New
Mexico: Economic Geology, v. 73, p. 1635-1654.
Fisher, R. A., 1950, Statistical methods for research workers: New York,
Hafner Publishing Co., 354 p.
Granger, H. C., 1966, Analytical data on samples collected at Ambrosia Lake,
New Mexico--1958 through 1962: U.S. Geol. Survey Open-file report, 485 p.
Granger, H. C., 1968, Localization and control of uranium deposits in the
southern San Juan basin mineral belt, New Mexico - An hypothesis: U.S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. 60-70.
Harshman, E. N., 1974, Distribution of elements in some roll-type uranium
deposits, J_n_ Formation of uranium deposits: International Atomic Energy
Agency, Vienna, p. 169-183.
Natrella, M. G., 1963, Experimental statistics: U.S. National Bureau of
Standards Handbook 91.
Santos, E. S., 1970, Stratigraphy of the Morrison Formation and structure of
the Ambrosia Lake district, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1272-E,
30 p.
Turekian, K. K., and Wedepohl, K. H., 1961, Distribution of elements in some
major units in the earth's crust: Geol. Soc. America, Bull., 1961, v. 72,
p. 175-192.
14
TABLE
1. S
tati
stic
al su
mmar
y of
th
e analytical da
ta
P, pr
imar
y ore; S,
secondary
ore;
BR,
barren re
duce
d rock collected
near ore; BO,
barr
en ox
idiz
ed ro
ck collected
near
ore; SSJB,
nonm
iner
aliz
ed sa
mple
s from A
mbrosia
Lake
ar
ea (southern
San
Juan
ba
sin)
; SJB, no
nmineralized sa
mple
s fr
om e
ntire
San
Juan ba
sin;
ML), unmineralized
muds
tone
s; MM,
mine
rali
zed
mudstone
s.
N an
d L
refe
r, re
spec
tive
ly,
to
samp
les
in wh
ich
a gi
ven
elem
ent
was
not
detected or
was
be
low
the
limit
of de
term
inat
ion.
Uranium
cont
ent
is expressed
in pa
rts
per
mill
ion;
un
its
for
othe
r elements are
as indicated
on th
e in
divi
dual
pages.
15
Al %
Dete
rmin
atio
n li
mit
.001%
Sandstone
P Group
U >1
00
# of an
alys
es for
this el
emen
t 326
Minimum
valu
e .30
Maximu
m va
lue
15
Geometric
mean
3.55
Geomet
ric
devi
atio
n 1.86
# of N'
s 0
# of L'
s 0
S BR
U
>100
U <100
99
82
1.5
.30
7.0
7.0
4.20
3.24
1.54
2.07
0 0
0 0
BO
SSJB
SJB
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <100
62
100
1.5
1.0
7.0
15
2.98
3.
60
1.63
1.93
0 o
--
0 0
Muds
tone
s
MU
U <100 10 3.
0
15 6.38
1.59
0 0
MM
U >100 13 1. 15 5. 2. 0 0
5 11 12
Comments
Thes
e data
in
dica
te gr
eate
r al
umin
um content
in samples
from the
seco
ndar
y or
e than in
th
e other
grou
ps of
sa
ndst
ones
. Th
e re
ason
for
this di
fference is no
t known.
In the
subset of pr
imary
ore
defi
ned
by field
relationships,
the
geometric
mean of th
e aluminum conc
entr
atio
n is 4.54%.
This indicates
that
al
umin
um wa
s al
so added
to th
e pr
imar
y ore.
16
As ppm
Determination
Limit
1 ppm
Group
# of
an
alys
es for
this
el
emen
t
Minimum
valu
e
Maxi
mum
valu
e
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviation
# of
N's
# of L'
s
PU
>100 18 8.
330. 38. 2.81
0 0
Sand
ston
e
S BR
BO
SSJB
SJB
U >1
00
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <100
U <100
10 9~"
u.
"
370. 25.
s __
7.69
o o
Mudstones
MU
MMU
<100
U >100
_-
__
__ -- -- __ __ __
Comments
Only
a
few
samp
les
from
th
e pr
imar
y ore
and
a few
samples
from
re
duce
d rock
near th
e or
e were analyzed fo
rarse
nic.
Ou
r limited
data su
gges
t th
at co
mpar
ed to the
aver
age
arsenic
cont
ent
of sandstones of
1 pp
m (Turekian
and
Wedepohl,
1961)
the
prim
ary
ore
and
reduced
rock
near t
he ore
are
enri
ched
in
ar
seni
c.
17
Ba ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Limit
2 ppm
Sandstone
Muds
tone
s
Group
P U
>100
S BR
U
>100
U <100
BO
U <1
00SS
JB
U <1
00SJ
B U
<100
U <100
U MOO
# of an
alys
es for
this element
Mini
mum
value
Maximu
m value
Geom
etric
mean
Geometric
deviat
ion
# of N's
# of L'
s
329
300
15,0
00 669 1.
51
0 0
99 300
15,000 826 1.
83
0 0
82 300
7,00
0
649 1.
50
0 0
62 300
700
578 1.
43
0 0
100
100
500
560 2.
01
0 0
10 150
1,500
386 2.
11
0 0
13 150
700
394 1.
66
0 0
Comments
The
data
indi
cate
th
at barium is en
rich
ed in the
seco
ndar
y ore
rela
tive
to th
e primary
ore
and
also
that th
e se
condary
ore, pr
imar
y ore, and
barren
reduced
rock
adjacent to the
ore
are
enri
ched in ba
rium
compared to unmineralized
rock
di
stan
t fr
om ore
and
barr
en ox
idized rock near or
e.
It is possible that oxid
izing
conditions removed
barium fr
om
grou
ps SSJB an
d BO
; ho
weve
r, the
concentration
of ba
rium
in the
subset of
the
barr
en reduced
rock containing ur
aniu
m in
am
ount
s less than
50 pp
m is 55
6 ppm, which
is similar
to the
means
of SSJB an
d BO
an
d is
significantly
less
than th
e me
an barium co
ncentration
of th
e pr
imar
y ore.
Rock
s in the
subset were no
t ox
idiz
ed or
le
ache
d; therefore
the
fact that
bari
um c
once
ntration in
th
e primary
ore
is hi
gher
than
in the
subset suggests th
at barium w
as added
to th
e primary
ore.
The
high concentration
of barium
in the
high
-gra
de ore
(702 ppm
in a
subset
of P
with
ur
aniu
m gr
eate
r than 1000
ppm)
also in
dica
tes
that barium w
as adde
d to
the
prim
ary
ore.
Bari
um is no
t enri
ched in
th
e mineralized
mudstones
compared to
the
unmi
nera
lize
d mu
dsto
nes.
Compared to
Tu
reki
an an
d Wedepohl's (196
1) averages,
the
sandstones ar
e high
in ba
rium
and
the
mudstones
are
low.
18
Be ppm
Determination
Limit
1 ppm
Sandstone
P S
BR
BO
SSJB
SJ
B Gr
oup
U MOO
U MOO
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <100
U <1
00
# of analyses fo
r this el
emen
t 32
6 99
81
62
100
Mini
mum
value
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
Maxi
mum
valu
e 15
3.
0 30
3.0
3.0
Geometric
Mean
1.
08
.54
.63
.53
.65
Geometric
deviation
2.30
1.35
1.86
1.35
1.
66
# of
N'
s 16
1 95
60
60
77
# of L'
s 1
0 1
0 0
Mudstones
MU
MM
U <1
00
U MOO
10
13
.5
1.5
3.0
7.0
1.64
3.78
2.33
1.91
3 0
0 0
Comm
ents
In ma
ny of ou
r sa
mple
s, th
e co
ncen
trat
ion
of beryllium
was
too
low
to be de
tect
ed (N); therefore
the
means
are
only
approximate.
The
data do
, however, suggest
that beryllium
is en
rich
ed in the
prim
ary
ore
rela
tive
to
the
sand
ston
es an
d in th
e mineralized
mudstones
comp
ared
to
th
e unmineralized
mudstones.
The
enri
chme
nt in pr
imar
y or
e co
uld
in pa
rt be
due
to the
higher clay co
nten
t of pr
imar
y ore; however, the
enrichment in
the
mineralized
mudstones
suggests that
beryllium
was
added
in th
e mi
nera
lizi
ng process.
19
Total
C %
Determination
Limit
- see
comm
ents
Sandstone
Mudstones
Group
# of
an
alys
es for
this element
Mini
mum
value
Maxi
mum
value
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviat
ion
# of
N's
# of
L'
s
P U
>100
334
.03
7.5 .69
3.05
0 13
S U
>100 41
.02
2.7 .36
3.00
0 1
BR
U <100 46 .0
3
3.0 .32
3.34
0 11
BO
U <1
00 21
.03
1.6 .20
3.68
0 2
SSJB
SJB
U <1
00
U <100 73
.005
3.9 .14
5.29
0 2
MU
MM
U <100
U >1
00
12
12
.02
.03
.87
21.6
.090
.27
2.80
7.54
0 0
0 1
Comm
ents
The
groups of sa
mple
s analyzed fo
r total
carb
on,
carbonate
carb
on,
and
orga
nic
carb
on do
not
cont
ain
all
of th
e sa
me samples.
Cons
eque
ntly
th
e mean of
the
tota
l ca
rbon
do
es not
equa
l the
mean
of carbonate
carbon pl
us th
e mean of
or
gani
c ca
rbon
. An additional pr
oble
m is th
at th
e determination
limi
ts fo
r carbon sp
ecie
s ch
ange
d du
ring
th
e period in
whic
h th
e sa
mple
s we
re analyzed.
Some
of th
e samples
included in
th
is study
were
analyzed wi
th a
determination
limit
for
carb
on sp
ecie
s 0.3%;
late
r th
e limit
had
decreased
to .01%.
Thus
the
means
in th
e ta
ble
are
only
approximations.
Desp
ite
thes
e sh
ortc
omin
gs,
the
means
are
beli
eved
to
represent
a valid
pattern
for
the
dist
ribu
tion
of ca
rbon
sp
ecie
s among
the
groups of sa
mple
s.
20
Orga
nic
C %
Detection
Limi
t -
see
comm
ents
fo
r To
tal
carbon
Sandstone
Mudstones
P Gr
oup
U >100
# of
analyses fo
r th
is el
emen
t 30
3
Mini
mum
value
.01
Maximum
value
7.5
Geometric
mean
.32
Geometric
deviation
3.79
# of
N's
9
# of L'
s 46
S BR
BO
SSJB
SJ
B Mil
MM
U >1
00
U <100
U <100
U <100
U <100
U <1
00
U >1
00
37
34
15
87
5 7
.01
.01
.01
.005
.01
.02
.40
.80
.50
1.99
.1
21.6
.048
.063
.068
--
.065
.048
.33
2.91
3.
30
3.00
3.40
2.56
8.69
00 5 0
0 0
22
27
6
8 1
2
Comm
ents
It is
well known
that
or
gani
c carbon is enriched in
the
prim
ary
ore
but
not
in th
e secondary
ore;
ou
r da
ta co
nfir
m th
is fi
ndin
g.
The
data
also sh
ow t
hat
organic
carb
on is enriched in
the
mineralized
muds
tone
s.
21
Carbonate
C %
Detection
Limi
t -
see
comments in To
tal
Carb
on
San
dsto
ne
Mud
ston
es
P G
roup
U
>100
# o
f a
na
lyse
s fo
r th
is
elem
ent
352
Min
imum
va
lue
.0
05
Max
imum
va
lue
3
.47
Ge
om
etr
ic
mea
n .1
7
Geom
etr
ic
devia
tion
5.4
8
# o
f N
's
4
# o
f L
's
45
S BR
BO
SS
JB
SJB
MU
MM
U M
OO
U
<100
U
<100
U
<100
U
<100
U
<100
U
>100
64
76
40
88
13
13
.02
.0
1 .0
05
.00
5
.03
.0
05
7.7
3
3.5
2
4.8
0
3.9
2
1.2
6
10
.52
.40
.2
1 .1
1 --
.0
35
.086
.060
2.9
2
4.8
6
6.2
8
11
.04
3.4
7
10
.73
00
1 0
0 '
1
04
2
49
0 1
Com
men
ts
Carbonate
carbon is
co
ncen
trat
ed in the
secondary
ore
depo
sits
re
lati
ve t
o all
of th
e ot
her
grou
ps.
The
low
mean
co
ncen
trat
ion
of carbonate
carbon in
SJ
B is pr
obab
ly du
e, at
le
ast
in part,
to leaching of
calcite fr
om o
utcrops.
The
strong po
siti
ve co
rrel
atio
n of
carbonate
carb
on wi
th ca
lciu
m suggests that mo
st of t
he mi
nera
l ca
rbon
in
an
d ar
ound
th
e deposits is
in
the
form o
f calcite.
The
mine
rali
zing
pr
oces
s di
d no
t ad
d carbonate
to t
he m
ineralized mu
dsto
nes.
22
Ca %
Determination
Limit
.005%
Sand
ston
eMu
dsto
nes
Group
# of
analyses for
this
el
emen
t
Minimum
value
Maxi
mum
value
Geom
etric
mean
Geom
etric
deviation
# of
N's
# of
L's
P U
>100
326
.07
15 1.19
2.96
0 0
S U
>100 99
.15
15 1.93
2.35
0 0
BR
U <1
00 82
.15
15 1.01
3.08
0 0
BO
U <100 62
.07
15
.92
2.93
0 0
SSJB
SJB
U <100
U <100
100
.007
15
.40
5.28
0 0
MU
U <100 10
.3 3.0 .79
2.19
0 0
MM
U >1
00 13
.3
15
.68
2.89
0 0
Comm
ents
Calcium
is en
rich
ed in
th
e secondary
ore
relative to the
prim
ary
ore
and
to th
e ot
her
sandstone
groups.
The
low
mean c
ontent of c
alcium in
the SS
JB group
is pr
obab
ly re
late
d to le
achi
ng o
f ca
lcit
e fr
om o
utcrops.
The
calcium
cont
ent
of t
he primary
ore
is not
sign
ific
antl
y different
from t
hat
of th
e ba
rren
reduced
rock
ne
ar ore, an
d th
e calcium
cont
ent
of t
he hi
gh-g
rade
primary
ore
is si
mila
r to t
hat
of the
entire primary
ore
group
(P).
Thus ca
lciu
m pr
obab
ly wa
s no
t added
to th
e pr
imar
y ore.
The
data
also indicate th
at ca
lciu
m was
not
adde
d to th
e mi
nera
lize
d mu
dsto
nes.
23
Cr ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Limit
1 ppm
Sand
ston
e
P Gr
oup
U >100
# of analyses for
this
el
emen
t 326
Minimu
m value
.5
Maximu
m value
300
Geometric
mean
5.21
Geometric
devi
atio
n 1.99
# of N's
1
# of L'
s 0
S U
>100 99 1.
5
150 4.
95
1.91
0 0
BR
U <100 81 1.
5
70 4.91
2.00
0 0
BO
U <100 62 1.
5
30 5.08
1.74
0 0
SSJB
SJ
B U
<100
U
<100
100 1.
0
100 7.
77
2.79
0 0
Mudstones
MU
U <1
00 10 7.0
150 21.5 2.26
0 0
MM
U >1
00 13 3.0
30 14.6 1.99
0 0
Comments
Chromium is de
plet
ed in
an
d around the
ore
deposits.
The
data su
gges
t that chromium is al
so de
plet
ed in the
mine
rali
zed
muds
tone
s relative to th
eNunm
iner
aliz
ed mu
dsto
nes;
however, this depletion
is no
t statistically
significant
24
Cu ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Li
mit
1 ppm
Sandstone
Mudstones
Grou
p
# of
analyses fo
r this el
emen
t
Mini
mum
valu
e
Maximum
value
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviation
# of
N'
s
I of L'
s
P U
>100
326
.5
300 8.
46
2.34
1 0
S U
>100 99
.5
150 7.
60
2.44
1 0
BR
U <1
00 81 1.5
300 6.
39
2.48
0 0
BO
U <100 62 3.
0
300 7.
18
2.48
0 0
SSJB
SJ
B U
<100
U <1
00
100
.75
30 4.10
2.35
0 7
MU
U <100 10 15 30 19.8 1.43
0 0
MM
U MOO
13 7.0
70 20.8 1.78
0 0
Comments
Statistical
treatment
of th
e da
ta indicate a
slig
ht en
rich
ment
of copper in an
d ar
ound
th
e de
posi
ts co
mpared to
rocks
remo
ved
from o
re (SSJB).
If oxidation
and
leac
hing
of outcrop
samp
les
included in SSJB c
aused
the
mean copper
conc
entr
atio
n of
SS
JB t
o be lo
w relative t
o the
other
sandstone
groups,
then the
barr
en ox
idized rock ne
ar or
e (BO)
woul
d al
so be ex
pect
ed to
be lo
w in co
pper
, bu
t it is no
t.
Also
, th
e mean co
ncentration
of copper in
a
subs
et of
ba
rren
re
duce
d ro
ck ne
ar or
e containing less th
an 50 p
pm u
rani
um is
4.
69.
This number is
si
mila
r to
th
e me
an copper
conc
entr
atio
n of
SSJB a
nd si
gnif
ican
tly
less
than th
e means
of t
he or
e sa
mple
s.
Thus
copper d
oes
appe
ar t
o be enriched
in an
d ar
ound
th
e ores.
25
Fe %
Determination
Limit
.001%
Sandstone
Mudstones
Grou
p
# of
analyses for
this
el
emen
t
Minimum
valu
e
Maxi
mum
valu
e
Geom
etric
mean
Geometric
deviat
ion
# of
N's
# of
L's
P U
>100
326
.15
7.0 .96
2.08
0 0
S U
>100 99
.15
3.0 .82
1.95
0 0
BR
U <100 82
.15
7.0 .69
2.17
0 0
BO
U <100 62
.15
3.0 .66
1.99
0 0
SSJB
U
<100
100
.10
7.0 .77
2.50
0 0
SJB
U <100
319
.038
8.10 .66
2.66
0 4
MU
U <1
00 10 1.5
7.0
2.65
1.60
0 0
MM
U >1
00 13
.7 7.0
1.87
1.75
0 0
Comm
ents
Iron
is
enriched in th
e pr
imar
y ore
comp
ared
to the
other
sandstone
grou
ps,
and
iron
is enriched in
th
e secondary
ore
comp
ared
to t
he barren sandstones
near th
e ore; ho
weve
r th
e di
ffer
ence
betwee
n th
e ir
on co
nten
t of th
e secondary
ore
and
the
barr
en rock re
move
d fr
om o
re (S
SJB)
is
no
t statistically
significant.
A co
mpar
ison
of th
e me
an of
S
with
th
e me
an of SJB
(whi
ch includes sa
mple
s fr
om a
larger ge
ogra
phic
ar
ea then SSJB)
indicates
that
ir
on is
significantly
enri
ched
in
th
e secondary
ore.
The
mean
iron content
of hi
gh-g
rade
secondary
ore
(uranium g
reater th
an 10
00 ppm) is
.97, which
is significantly
larg
er th
an the
mean
of
SS
JB.
26
Fe20
3 (F
e) %
Determination
limit--. 1%
Sand
ston
e Mu
dsto
nes
P Group
U >1
00
# of analyses fo
r this
el
emen
t 37
Minimum
value
1.09
Maximu
m value
4.60
Geometric
mean
2.80
# of N's
0
# of L's
0
S BR
BO
SSJB
SJ
B MU
MM
U
>100
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <100
U >1
00
11
60
1.23
--
.09
10.70
--
8.02
2.19
--
--
.62
0 0
0 0
Comm
ents
Inspection
of
the
data
suggests
th
at the
samp
les
in P
and
BR analyzed for
Fe as
Fe
2OT
were selected on
th
e basis
of
a high eU
. Th
ey are
therefore
a bi
ased subset an
d do
no
t give as good a
represen
tati
on of th
e Fe
content
as do th
ose
sample
s for
Fe%.
Th
ey do
, however, suggest
an enrichment in ir
on in the
prim
ary
ore
and
barr
en re
duce
d rock near or
e co
mpared to SJB.
27
Ga
pprn
Determination
Limi
t 1.
5 ppm
pGroup
U MOO
# of analyses fo
r this el
emen
t 32
5
Mini
mum
value
.75
Maxi
mum
valu
e 30
Geometric
mean
4.42
Geometric
deviation
2.20
# of N'
s 4
# of
L'
s 79
Sandstone
S BR
BO
U >1
00
U <1
00
U <100
98
81
62
.75
.75
.75
20
15
15
3.76
3.83
3.
84
2.55
2.
34
2.13
10
3 1
41
33
17
SSJB
SJB
U <100
U <1
00
100 3.
0
30 9.9
1.68
2 5
Mudstones
MU
MM
U <100
U MOO
10
13
.75
.75
30
70
9.46
18.4
9
3.92
4.66
2 1
0 0
Comm
ents
According
to these
data,
gallium
is de
plet
ed in sa
ndst
ones
in an
d ar
ound
th
e or
e deposits co
mpar
ed to sa
ndst
ones
di
stan
t fr
om t
he or
e (S
SJB)
. Th
e data su
gges
t an en
rich
ment
of
ga
lliu
m in m
ineralized m
udstones re
lati
ve to
unrnineralized m
udstones bu
t this appa
rent enrichment is no
t st
atis
tica
lly
sign
ific
ant.
28
K°l
_
__
fo
Dete
rmin
atio
n Li
mit
0.7%
Sandstone
Grou
p
# of analyses fo
r this
el
emen
t
Minimu
m value
Maxi
mum
value
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviation
# of N'
s
# of L'
s
P U
>100
324
.35
7.0
2.41
1.42
1 0
S U MOO
99
.35
5.0
2.44
1.53
1 0
BR
U <1
00 82 1.5
3.0
2.33
1.40
0 0
BO
U <1
00 62
.70
7.0
2.26
1.48
0 0
SSJB
SJB
U <1
00
U <1
00
100
TC
\s \J
5.0
2.41
2.59
5 0
Mudstones
MU
U <100 10 1.
5
3.0
2.80
1.25
0 0
MM
U >1
00 13
.35
7.0
2.71
1.93
1 0
Comm
ents
No st
atis
tica
lly
significant
differences
in the
conc
entr
atio
n of
potassium
among
the
above
groups were
identified.
The
concentration
of potassium, however, wa
s significantly
high
er in
the
su
bset
of pr
imar
y or
e de
fine
d as
part of t
he dark-grey
ore
layer
by fi
eld
rela
tion
ship
s.
This
indicates
an enrich
ment
of
potassium
in the
prim
ary
ore.
29
Mg %
De
term
inat
ion
Limit
.000
5%
San
dsto
ne
Mud
ston
es
P G
roup
U
>100
# of
analy
ses
for
this
e
lem
en
t 32
6
Min
imum
va
lue
.0
7
Max
imum
va
lue
1
.5
Ge
om
etr
ic
mea
n .2
1
Geom
etr
ic
devia
tion
1.8
9
# of
N's
0
# o
f L
's
0
S BR
BO
SS
JB
SJB
MU
MM
U M
OO
U
<100
U
<100
U
<100
U
<100
U
<100
U
>100
99
82
62
100
320
10
13
.07
.0
7
.07
.0
3
.02
.7
.7
.70
1
.5
.70
1
.5
2.0
3
.0
3.0
.16
.1
7 .1
5
.22
.1
7
1.4
1
.05
1.56
1
.84
1
.75
2.5
2
2.6
2
1.52
1
.63
00
0
00
0
0
00
0 0
10
0 0
Com
men
ts
From
th
e pr
esen
ce of
ch
lori
te an
d cl
ay m
inerals
in th
e primary
ore,
on
e woul
d an
tici
pate
an
en
rich
ment
in
magnesium
in th
e pr
imar
y ore.
Such
an enrichment in
the
primary
ore
relative to
secondary
ore, ba
rren
ro
ck ne
ar or
e, an
d to
barren
sa
mple
s fr
om th
e entire Sa
n Ju
an Ba
sin
(SJB)
was
borne
out
by statistical
tests.
The
data
, ho
weve
r, su
gges
t th
at
the
magnesium
concentration
of ba
rren
sa
mple
s di
stan
t fr
om or
e in th
e Am
bros
ia Lake area (S
SJB)
is even hi
gher
than th
at
of th
e pr
imar
y ore.
30
Mn ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Li
mit
1 pp
m
Sandstone
Group
# of an
alys
es for
this el
emen
ts
Mini
mum
value
Maximu
m value
Geometric
mean
Geometric
devi
ation
# of N'
s
# of L's
PU
>100
326 30
3,000
264 2.
41
0 0
SU
>100 99 50
1,50
0
226 2.
00
0 0
BRU
<100 82 30
3,000
170 2.
41
0 0
BOU
<100 62 70
3,000
163 2.
00
0 0
SSJB
SO
BU
<100
U <1
00
100
.05
5,000
174 4.
92
0 2
Muds
tone
s
MUU
<100 10 70 300
109 1.
85
0 0
MMU
>100 13
150
1,500
356 2.
15
0 0
Comm
ents
The
data in
dica
te th
at ma
ngan
ese
has
been
added
to the
primary
ore, the
seco
ndar
y or
e, an
d to th
e mineralized
mudstones.
31
Mo ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Limit
3 ppm
Sand
ston
e
Group
# of an
alys
es fo
r this
el
emen
t
Minimu
m va
lue
Maximu
m value
Geom
etric
mean
Geometric
deviat
ion
# of N's
# of L'
s
P U
>100
326
.3
15,0
00 21.81
9.84
123 1
S U
>100 99 2.
5
700 3.
63
2.51
83 0
BR
U <1
00 81 2.5
7,00
0 36.02
13.6
0
23 2
BO
U <1
00 62 2.5
3,00
0 3.10
2.80
58 0
SSJB
SJB
U <100
U <100
100 3.
0
15 5.10
1.23
86 5
Mudstones
MU
U <100 10 2.
5
30 7.23
2.81
4 0
MM
U >1
00 13 2.5
7,00
0
570 8.
10
1 0
Comments
Alth
ough
molybdenum w
as no
t dete
cted in many of
the
samples, the
dete
rmin
ation
limi
t is
so lo
w co
mpar
ed to th
e ma
ximu
m co
ncen
trat
ions
in th
e sa
mple
s th
at th
e 'l
ess
than
' values are
thou
ght
to have ha
d li
ttle
influence
on th
e means
reported in
th
e ta
ble.
Consequently the
mean
s are
cons
ider
ed reliable,
and
they
in
dica
te that molybdenum is st
rong
ly
concen
trat
ed in
th
e primary
ore, in
th
e re
duce
d rock ne
ar or
e, and
in the
minerali
zed
muds
tone
s.
32
Na %
Dete
rmin
atio
n
Lim
it
.05%
San
dsto
ne
P S
BR
BO
SSJB
SJ
B G
roup
U
MO
O
U >1
00
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <1
00
# o
f an
alys
es
for
this
el
emen
t 32
6 99
82
62
10
0
Min
imum
va
lue
.15
.15
.70
.3
0
.05
Max
imum
va
lue
7.0
3.0
3
.0
1.5
1.5
Geo
met
ric
mea
n 1.
15
1.19
1.
22
.99
.63
Geo
met
ric
de
via
tio
n
1.57
1.
68
1.50
1.
54
2.11
# of
N's
0
00
0 o
~
# of
L's
0
00
0
o
Mud
ston
es
MU
MM
U <1
00
U >1
00
10
13
.3
.025
1.5
1.5
.64
.76
1.59
3.3
0
0 1
0 0
Com
men
ts
Thes
e da
ta in
dica
te t
hat
sodium is
st
rong
ly co
ncen
trat
ed in
and
around the
ore
depo
sits
re
lati
ve t
o un
mine
rali
zed
rock fr
om o
re (SSJB) bu
t that so
dium
was
no
t added
to t
he m
ineralized mudstones.
This
en
rich
ment
in sodium m
ight
be
rela
ted
to t
he formation
of al
bite
ove
rgro
wths
described
by A
dams and
others (1978).
It co
uld
also
be
a re
flec
tion
of
le
achi
ng o
f sodium f
rom
outc
rops
in SS
JB a
nd from t
he ba
rren
ox
idiz
ed rock near ore.
Pb ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Limit
10 pp
m
Sand
ston
e
Group
# of analyses for
this
el
emen
t
Minimum
valu
e
Maximu
m value
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviat
ion
# of N'
s
# of L'
s
P U MOO
323 5.
0
1,500 45.34
2.62
8 5
S U MOO
99 5.0
70 12.02
1.85
14 27
BR
U <1
00 82 5.0
150 12.9
6
2.03
18 5
BO
U <100 62 5.
0
70 16.31
2.36
14 2
SSJB
SJ
B U
<100
U
<100
100 5.
0
70 13.4
0
1.63
5 6
Mudstones
MU
U <1
00 10 5.0
70 12.44
2.79
4 0
MM
U MOO
13 15 700 77.1
8
2.72
0 0
Comm
ents
Lead
is gr
eatly
enriched in
th
e pr
imar
y ore
depo
sits
and
in the
mineralized
muds
tone
s, bu
t it
is
not
enri
ched
in
the
secondary
ore
depo
sits
. Most of the
enri
ched
Pb is probably radiogenic lead de
rive
d from uranium
in th
e primary
ore
and
mine
rali
zed
mudstone.
(Alt
houg
h little confidence can
be at
tach
ed to the
results, if
10 pp
m Pb is allowed
for
common
lead an
d th
e re
main
der
trea
ted
as radiogenic Pb
, the
Pb/U
ratio
of the
geometric
means
sugg
ests
an ap
prox
imat
e age
of 12
0 m.
y. fo
r pr
imar
y or
e and
10 m.y. for
seco
ndar
y ore.).
34
s %
Determination
Limit
.01%
Sandstone
P S
BR
BO
Group
U >1
00
U >1
00
U <100
U <100
# of
analyses fo
r th
is el
emen
t 14
--
3
Mini
mum
value
.11
--
.4
Maximum
valu
e 3.
05
.63
Geometric
mean
.55
--
.49
Geometric
deviation
3.17
--
1.26
# of
N'
s 0
0
# of L'
s 0
__o
Mudstones
SSJB
SOB
MU
MM
U <1
00
U <100
U <1
00
U MOO
37 .0
075
.89
.0088
2.22
o 35
Comm
ents
The
numb
er of
samples
are
too
few
to be
conclusive,
but
the
data
suggest
enri
chme
nt in
su
lfur
in th
e pr
imar
y or
e an
d in th
e adjacent re
duce
d ro
cks.
The
resu
lts
incl
ude
both su
lfid
e and
sulf
ate
sulf
ur,
but
the
sulf
ate
S wa
s mi
nor
in
the
few
samp
les
test
ed.
35
Se pp
m De
term
inat
ion
Limi
t 1
ppm
pGr
oup
U >1
00
# of
analyses fo
r this
el
emen
t '
374
Mini
mum
value
.38
Maximum
value
11,0
00
Geometric
mean
59.65
Geometric
deviation
4.86
# of
N'
s 0
# of L'
s 4
Sandstone
S BR
BO
SSJB
SJB
U >1
00
U <100
U <1
00
U <1
00
U <1
00
94
105
62
29
.50
.38
.38
--
.50
2,100
1,900
1,50
0 --
39
5
15.4
2 41.36
22.20
--
7.65
7.32
7.83
7.11
--
7.07
00
0
o
04
2
1
Mudstones
MUU
<100 15 1.
0
38 6.70
2.77
0 0
MMU
>100 15 3.
0
3,50
0 79.8
8
10.0
6
0 0
Comments
The
data
indicate increased
conc
entr
atio
ns of selenium in an
d ar
ound
the
ore
deposits compared to
un
mine
rali
zed
rock di
stan
t fr
om o
re an
d in
the
mineralized
mudstones
comp
ared
to un
mine
rali
zed
muds
tone
s.
The
lack of
se
leni
um in th
e secondary
ore
rela
tive
to
the
primary
ore
prob
ably
results
beca
use
selenium is se
greg
ated
in
to a
narr
ow b
and
in the
secondary
ore
inst
ead
of being
dist
ribu
ted
thro
ugho
ut the
ore. 36
Sr ppm
Determination
Limi
t 2 pp
m
Sand
ston
eMu
dsto
nes
Grou
pP
U >1
00S
U >100
BR
U <100
BO
U <100
SSJB
U <100
SJB
U <1
00MU
U <100
MM
U >1
00
of analyses for
this
el
emen
t
Mini
mum
value
Maxi
mum
valu
e
Geom
etric
mean
Geom
etric
deviation
# of
N's
# of
L'
s
326 70 700
177 1.
68
0 0
99 100
3,000
196 1.
55
0 0
82 70 700
164 1.
61
0 0
62 30 700
146 1.
65
0 0
100 5.
0
500 94 2.
33
0 0
10 150
700
361 1.
66
0 0
13 70 300
229 1.
59
0 0
Comm
ents
Like
calcium, strontium
is concentrated in and
arou
nd th
e or
e de
posi
ts co
mpared to
un
mine
rali
zed
rock di
stan
t fr
om
ore
(SSJB) and
is most co
ncen
trat
ed in
the
secondary
ore.
Th
e si
mila
rity
of the
calcium
distribution to t
he strontium
dist
ribu
tion
and
the
high
co
rrel
atio
n of strontium
with bo
th ca
lciu
m an
d carbonate
carbon ar
e evidence that th
e di
stri
buti
on of strontium
is in
flue
nced
by
the
substitution of strontium
for
calc
ium
in ca
lcit
e.
Calc
ite
prob
ably
was
le
ache
d fr
om o
utcr
op sa
mple
s in SS
JB.
Therefore
the
high
concentration
of strontium
in P co
mpar
ed to
SS
JB do
es no
t ne
cess
aril
y in
dica
te that strontium
was
added
to t
he pr
imar
y or
e.
The
high
co
ncentration
of strontium
in hi
gh-g
rade
prim
ary
ore
samples, ho
weve
r suggests th
at st
roni
um w
as added
to th
e pr
imar
y ore.
Ther
e is
al
so a
sign
ific
ant
difference between
the
strontium
conc
entr
atio
ns of S
and
BR,
which
indicates
that
strontium
was
adde
d to t
he secondary
ore.
37
Ti %
Determination
Limi
t .0002%
Sandstone
P S
BR
BO
SSJB
SJB
Group
U MOO
U >1
00
U <100
U <100
U <100
U <100
# of an
alys
es for
this
el
emen
t 326
99
82
62
100
Mini
mum
value
.02
.02
.03
.03
.02
Maxi
mum
value
1.5
.7
.3
.7
1.0
Geometric
mean
.098
.089
.092
.108
.099
Geom
etric
deviat
ion
1.95
3.70
2.
03
1.85
2.15
# of N's
0 00
0 0
# of L'
s 0
0 0
0 0
Muds
tone
s
MU
MM
U <1
00
U MOO
10
13
.15
.07
.30
.7
.23
.24
1.43
1.75
0 0
0 0
Comments
These
data indicate that there
is no st
atis
tica
lly
significant
variation
in th
e co
ncen
trat
ion
of titanium am
ong
the
vari
ous
groups of sandstone
samples, bu
t mudstones
appe
ar to be
much
richer in Ti
th
an sa
ndst
ones
.
38
U ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Li
mit
10 ppm
Sandstone
Group
# of analyses fo
r ti
me el
emen
t
Mini
mum
value
Maxi
mum
valu
e
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviation
i of N'
s
i of L'
s
P U
>100
407
100
152,
000
1,817 4.
87
0 1
S U
>100
101
100
48,6
00
1,25
3 3.33
0 0
BR
U <100
118 1.
0
100 34.9
2
2.33
2 1
BO
U <100 63 6.
0
90 23.70
2.04
2 0
SSJB
SJB
U <1
00
U <1
00
27 1.1
90 17.98
3.17
0 .
3
Muds
tone
s
MU
U <1
00 17 4.0
100 17.0
9
2.61
0 2
MM
U >100 15
*60
10,670 606.6
4.47
0 0
Comm
ents
*0ne sa
mple
that contained
only 60 ppm
uran
ium
was
included among
the
mineralized
mudstones
on th
e basis
of a
very
high va
nadi
um c
ontent.
39
eU pp
m De
term
inat
ion
Limi
t 10 ppm
Sandstone
Group
# of analyses fo
r ti
me el
emen
t
Mini
mum
value
Maximum
valu
e
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviation
# of N'
s
# of L'
s
P U
>100
406 90
70,000
1,828 3.
55
0 0
S U
>100
101 70
37,1
00
1,103 2.
82
0 0
BR
U <1
00
118 10
1,90
0
111 2.
90
0 0
BO
U <1
00 63 7.5
1,10
0 71.5
5
2.59
0 2
SSJB
SJ
B U
<100
U
<100
88 7 R
/ . -j
340 19.48
2.17
0 5
Mudstones
MU
U <1
00 17 10 130 47.3
3
2.21
0 0
MM
U >100 15 60
48,7
00
1,414 5.
78
0 0
Comments
Muds
tone
tends
to be m
uch
more radioactive
than its
U content
would
sugg
est
40
V ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Li
mit
10 ppm
Sandstone
Group
# of analyses fo
r time el
emen
t
Mini
mum
value
Maxi
mum
valu
e
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviation
# of
N'
s
1 of
L'
s
P U MOO
326 30
15,000 634 2.
89
0 0
S U
>100 99 70
30,0
00
1,51
7 3.56
0 0
BR
U <100 82 30
3,000
243 2.
71
0 0
BO
U <1
00 62 30
3,000
249 2.
46
0 0
SSJB
SJB
U <100
U <100
100 7.
0
1,50
0 51.8
6
2.47
0 0
Muds
tone
s
MU
U <100 10 30 300 98.68
2.44
0 0
MM
U >1
00 13 70
7,000
1,166 3.
92
0 0
Comm
ents
Vana
dium
is en
rich
ed in
an
d ar
ound
th
e ore
depo
sits
an
d is
particularly concentrated in
th
e secondary
ore
depo
sits
,
41
Y ppm
Determination
Limit
10 pp
m
Sand
ston
e
Group
# of
analyses fo
r time element
Minimum
valu
e
Maxi
mum
value
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviat
ion
# of
N's
# of
L'
s
PU
>100
326 5.
0
300 16.26
2.65
76 14
SU
>100 99 5.
0
300 11.47
1.98
21 18
BRU
<100 82 5.
0
30 6.99
1.62
48 8
BOU
<100 62 5.
0
70 9.00
1.90
26 10
SSJB
SJ
BU
<100
U <100
100 5.
0
300 13.00
1.97
10 12
Mudstones
MUU
<100 10 15 70 33.16
1.57
0 0
MMU
>100 13 5.
0
70 14.4
5
2.58
5 0
Comments
Yttrium
appears
to be
depleted in the
rocks
adja
cent
to
the
ore
deposits.
The
mean
co
ncen
trat
ion
of y
ttri
um in th
e hi
gh-grade prim
ary
ore
(ura
nium
greate
r th
an 1000 ppm) is 20.48
ppm.
This sugges
ts that yt
triu
m wa
s ad
ded
to th
e pr
imary
ore.
42
Zr ppm
Dete
rmin
atio
n Limit
10 ppm
Sandstone
Group
# of
analyses fo
r ti
me el
emen
t
Minimu
m va
lue
Maxi
mum
value
Geometric
mean
Geometric
deviation
# of N'
s
# of L'
s
PU
>100
326 15
1,500 93.2
2
2.31
0 0
SU
>100 99 5.
0
700 83.14
2.31
2 0
BRU
<100 82 15 700 83.66
2.30
0 0
BOU
<100 62 30 700
114 2.
45
0 0
SSJB
SJ
BU
<100
U <100
100 15 700
112.
3
2.41
0 1
Mudstones
MUU
<100 10 150
300
160.8
1.25
0 0
MMU
>100 13 5.
0
300
107 2.
97
1 0
Comments
Zirconium
is de
plet
ed in
th
e or
e de
posi
ts an
d in re
duce
d ro
ck ad
jace
nt to
the
or
e re
lati
ve to
un
rnin
eral
ized
ro
ck
dist
ant
from
ore.
Such
a
depletion
might
be re
late
d to the
breakdown
of heavy
mine
rals
. Th
e data al
so su
gges
t a
depletion
of zirconium
in th
e mi
nera
lize
d mudstones
relative to t
he un
mine
rali
zed
muds
tone
s; ho
weve
r th
is ap
pare
nt
depletion
was
not
statistically
vali
d.
With sm
all
data
sets,
such as th
at fo
r the
muds
tone
s, a
larg
e difference in
geometric
means
is required fo
r a
stat
isti
call
y significant
difference.
43
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