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CommonBuildingCodeMisinterpretations
Presentedby:
Ron Melucci, P.E.Technical Manager, FP Division Engineering Planning and Management, Inc.rbm@epm‐inc.comwww.epm‐inc.com508‐875‐2121
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Engineering Planning and Management, Inc. is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
CopyrightMaterials
This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws.
Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© Engineering Planning and Management (EPM) 2012
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WhoisEPM? Engineering consulting and strategic technology firm specializing in fire protection
Incorporated 1980 HQ Framingham MA 24 FP engineering staff
PresentationContent
Primarily 8th MSBC (based on IBC 2009) Code Sections that are:
– Misinterpreted– Confusing– Overlooked
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403.6.1Fireserviceaccesselevators
Two (2) fire service access elevators are now required in high‐rise buildings greater than 120 ft. in height (403.6.1)
Intended for rescue, staging, etc.
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FireServiceAccessElevatorMSBC 403.6.1 requirements ‐in compliance with IBC 3007 Direct access from stair Elevator lobby minimum
150 s.f. s/e power and 1‐hour FRR
for all el. & lobby circuits
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MixedOccupancyBuildingsCode compliance approaches: Accessory Occupancy
– Incidental Accessory Occupancy (next slide)
Non‐Separated Mixed Occupancy Separated Mixed Occupancy Special Provisions (MSBC 509) Separate Buildings Upgrade Construction Type
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IncidentalAccessory‐ Example Multifamily building (R‐2), 4 stories, Type (2B) construction with laundry
room (F‐1) in Basement Allowable height for R‐2 is 5 stories, F‐1 is only 3 stories Options to comply with building height requirements:
– Call accessory area if < 10%, still need smoke partitions and sprinklers per Table 508.2.5 (2012 edition clarifies this)
– If > 10%, also need rated slab separation (separated mixed occupancy) to address height limitation
R‐2
R‐2
R‐2
R‐2 F‐1
Exteriorwallopeningprotection
Section 705.8.6 states that openings can be unprotected in the wall above the roof of a lower adjacent building if the lower roof is rated 1‐hr.
What is misleading about this?
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Exteriorwallopeningprotection Only considers fire spread from lower roof, not from exterior
wall. Table 705.8 requirements still apply.
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FireWallPenetrationsIBC Interpretation No. 31‐07 2006 Edition 705.2 Structural stability Penetrations are required to be designed for compliance with the provisions of Section 705.2 for structural stability.
I.e. must be designed and installed so as to not damage wall if either side collapses.
Some NFPA Standards (NFPA 91) prohibit through penetrations of fire walls
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707.5.1SupportingConstruction Fire barriers must be supported
by construction with equivalent FRR.
Caution – fire barriers on upper floors in non‐rated buildings:
Shafts Atrium or sprinkler zone separation Incidental accessory rooms Other rooms requiring FRR
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707.5.1SupportingConstruction IBC Interpretation No. 06‐06 2003 Edition Issued: 05‐31‐06“Only the building elements within the load path of that portion of the building construction where the shaft enclosure is located are subject to the provisions of Section 706.4 with regard to supporting construction.”
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SprinklerSystems
Pop quiz, hot shot:
If you are creating a 400 sf addition to your 7,200 sf building, are you required to retrofit sprinklers?
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SprinklerSystems MGL 26G ‐ required in all new
buildings > 7,500 sq. ft. with sufficient water flow and pressure. [903.2 Note] also see building code
Addition greater than 7,500 sq.ft. MGL 26G same requirement regardless of fire walls
Retrofit triggered by “major” alterations (nature, extent, cost) – more guidelines on 10/04/09 memorandum by MA ASAB
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NFPA13vs 13Rsystems In adddition to height
restriction, NFPA 13R systems limited to < 12,000 ft2 in MA
Many tradeoffs for “fully sprinklered buildings” apply to NFPA 13 systems but not NFPA 13R systems. Key code verbage “in accordance with 903.3.1.1 (or 903.3.1.2)”.
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Sprinklertrade‐offs(903.3.1.1)
Atrium use 404.2 Underground Buildings
405.3 Control area FRR 414.2.4 Building area increase 506.3 Protected Openings Table
705.8 Elevator lobbies 708.14.1 Shaft enclosure exceptions
708.2
FRR of dwelling/sleeping unit sep 709.3
Draftstopping 717.3, 717.4 Delayed Egress 1008.1.9.7 Common POT 1014.3 Dead ends 1018.4
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SmokeControlSystems Third Party Review is required for all smoke control system designs.
Smoke Control Special Inspections are required to be performed by a registered FPE
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SmokeControlSystemsMSBC 909.12.13 ‐ The following boundaries must coincide: Atrium separation/ smoke zone
Fire alarm zones Sprinkler system zones
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FirePumpRoom Fire pump rooms require 2‐hour fire‐resistant separation [913]
Need FD direct access to exterior or through a fire rated passageway.
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EmergencyResponderRadioCoverage
Emergency responder radio coverage now required in all buildings [915.1] unless otherwise approved by FD.
Issue: difficult to predict radio performance before building construction is complete.
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EgressDimensions 8th MSBC: egress width factors for
new sprinklered buildings:– emergency voice/alarm system
provided 0.2” / occupant for stairs 0.15” / occupant for doors
– emergency voice/alarm system notprovided 0.3” / occupant for stairs 0.2” / occupant for doors
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OccupantLoadFactorsPop quiz, hot shot
True or False: The occupant load factor of a university classroom
OL<49 (Group B) is 100 sf/occ The occupant load factor of an office tenant meeting
room OL<49 (Group B) is 100 sf/occ The occupant load factor of a usable office building roof
terrace is 15 sf/occ
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OccupantLoadFactor Table 1004.1.1 Based on Floor Area
and Function of the Space
Not based on Occupancy Classification
How is the owner or tenant truly intending to use the space?
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GroupBOccupantLoadFactors
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OutdoorAreas MSBC 1004.8 ‐ OL is
assigned by the building official in accordance with the anticipated use.
What is the occupant load?
What is the intended use?
Outdoor area for service of building – 1 means of egress (roof).
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NumberofMeansofEgressDoors
Based on occupancy,occupant load and common path of travel
Two doors required where one of 3 conditions exist
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NumberofMeansofEgress
Is single egress from office tenant C acceptable?
If OL < 49? If red line
distance is less than 100 ft?
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Exitdischargecapacity
Pop quiz, hot shot
True or false:The exit discharge should always be sized to accommodate largest occupant load of any single floor served by the stair.
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Exitdischargecapacity
False:largest occupant load of any single floor OR from converging floors above and below, whichever is greater.
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Traveldistance
Minimum distance to reach any ONE exit Therefore must find the most remote point of occupiable floor space between the exits
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HorizontalExits Not the same as exit passageways! Horizontal exit subdivides a space into two(2) areas of refuge. Often used
to solve compliance challenges related to exit __ and exit __. An exit passageway is a horizontal extension of the stair shaft enclosure .
Often used to solve compliance challenges related to exit __ and exit __.
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UseGroupR#exits Two exits for R‐2 unit OL of 21 in fully‐sprinklered buildings.– Multifamily units ‐ 200 s.f/occ < 4,000 sf. – one exit.
– Caution: Dormitory OLF still 50 s.f/occ therefore need 2nd exit above 1,000 s.f.
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DelayedEgress MSBC 1008.1.9.7 Requires many control functions for unlocking
May only be used for one door in means of egress
May not be used in Use Groups A, E or H
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DelayedEgress
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AccessControlledEgressDoors MSBC 1008.1.4.4 Also requires many control
functions for unlocking Intended only for building or
tenant entrance doors in means of egress.
Auto unlocking features always required from tenant (building) side.
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StairenclosuresIBC
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Pop quiz, hot shot
What kind of door openings are allowed in a stair shaft or exit passageway enclosure? Offices Storage rooms Bathrooms Mechanical interstitial space Elevators Elevator lobbies
StairopeningexceptionsinNFPA101
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Stairpenetrations
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Pop quiz, hot shot
Are the following penetrations acceptable in a stair shaft or exit passageway enclosure? Sprinkler piping Fire alarm conduit Electric heater Structural steel Ductwork
StairenclosuresIBC
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1022.4 Penetrations. Penetrations into and openings through an exit enclosure are prohibited except for required exit doors equipment and ductwork necessary for independent ventilation or
pressurization sprinkler piping standpipes electrical raceway for fire department communication systems electrical raceway serving the exit enclosure and terminating at a
steel box not exceeding 16 square inches (0.010 m2)
StairPenetrationsNFPA101
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LaboratoryRequirements Hazardous exhaust systems,
IMC vs. NFPA 45 ‐ no fire dampers
Exhaust ducts may be manifolded in common shaft if hoods are in same fire area and not considered IMC hazardous exhaust system
IMCHazardousExhaustIMC SECTION 510.42009 EditionIMC Interpretation 14‐11Issued 4‐16‐12“There is no justification to permit manifolding from separate fire areas even when within a rated shaft. Ducts form different fire areas could act as a direct link between such areas allowing contaminants and/or fire to spread, especially considering that such ducts cannot have fire or smoke dampers.”
Laboratories‐ FireDampers NFPA 45 – fire dampers not allowed in lab hood exhaust
Options in lieu of fire dampers:– NFPA 45 sub‐duct exception (shaft only) continuous exhaust
– NFPA 91 approach (variance) – enclose duct in 2‐hour construction (wrap) on either side of barrier
– Route differently to avoid penetrating fire barrier
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Laboratories‐ Ventilation Codes do not clearly address
shutdown of laboratory make‐up air upon detection of smoke.
Could result in negative pressures and excessive door opening forces. Evaluate case‐by‐case.
Variance ‐makeup air is extension of exhaust system.
OtherLaboratoryrequirements
Lab equipment accessibility ‐employee vs. student (public?)
New MAAB requirements for employees
Occupant load (egress and plumbing fixtures)
Questions?
www.epm‐inc.com508‐532‐7151
Ron Melucci, P.E.,Technical Manager, FP Division
rbm@epm‐inc.com
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