COMPARISON Of SEVERAL FREENESS TESTERS ON RAM STOCE

COMPARISON Of SEVERAL FREENESSTESTERS ON RAM STOCE

February 1948

14 w49

(No. 14119

STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFORESTSERVICE

Sr-TRODUCTS LABORATORYLL M adison 5, Wisconsin

In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin

UNrrED,

FORE

COMPARISON OF SEVERAL FREENESS TESTERS ON BOARD STOCK=

By C. E. HRUBESKY, Chemist

Introduction

In the summer of 1946, a questionnaire sent out by the Raw Materials TestingSubcommittee of the Structural Fibrous Materials Committee of the TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and'Ftper Industry indicated that 13 companies thatwere interested in insulation board stocks were using a total of 16 methodsof freeness testing. With this' number of different tests it was apparentthat freeness results fram thelraiious mills could not be correlated.

As an initial step to standardize control methods used by the structural-board industry the Raw Materials Testing Subcommittee believed it advisableto compare the results of tests obtained on the freeness testers in currentuse, with the object of either adopting one of these as a standard procedureor developing a test that might incorporate features of several of thepresent testers.

The purpose of this paper is to describe some results obtained at theForest Products Laboratory with several of the most commonly used testerson different pulps under various conditions of temperature and quantitiesof pulp used.

Raw Materials

The stocks used in this study consisted of a free, a normal, and a slowstock submitted at the request of the chairman of the Raw Materials TestingCommittee by each of the following seven manufacturers of insulating board:Bird & Son, Inc., Phillipsdale, R. I.; Celotex Corp., Marrero, La.;Fir-Tex Insulating Board Co., St. Helens, Oreg.; Flintkote Co., Meridian,Miss.; Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co., International Falls, Minn.;U. S. Gypsum Co., Lisbon Falls, Me.; and Wood Conversion Co., Cloquet, Minn.

The stocks, which were received in a moist condition, varied from 21 to 60percent oven-dry stock and were all in a high freeness range.

1-Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Technical Association of the Pulp &

Paper Industry, Hotel Commodore, New York City, Feb. 23 -26, 19L18.

Report No. 81719 -1-

The stock from each company was identified by a code letter from "A" through"Gs" which differed in sequence from the company names in the preceding list.Each stock was broken up by hand, thoroughly mixed, and stored in asphalt-laminated paper bags in a room maintained at a temperature of 39° F. and arelative humidity of 90 percent.

Equipment

The testers used in this study and their basic characteristics are given intable 1.

The Schopper-Riegler (regular) tester is normally used with 2 grams of oven-dry pulp in a volume of 1,000 milliliters. The bottom orifice through whichthe "slow" water flows has a diameter of 0.08 inch; the side orifice throughwhich the "fast" water flows, a diameter of about 0.5 inch. The freeness ofa pulp is measured by the volume of water that flows through the side orifice.

The Schopper-Riegler (oversize) tester, as used, was a modified tester withthe diameter of the bottom free-drain , orifice enlarged to 0.295 inch and thecylinder enlarged to hold a 5,000-milliliter suspension of pulp. This testeris normally used with 25 grams-oven-dry equivalent of pulp in a volume of5,000 milliliters. This instrument was obtained on a loan for this workthrough the courtesy of the Masonite Corp., Laurel, Miss. Because the Lab-oratory desired to return the tester as soon as possible, tests were madeand the instrument returned before it was discovered that several subsequentcheck tests would be desirable.

The Canadian Standard tester is normally used with 3 grams oven-dryequivalent of pap in a volume of 1,000 milliliters. The bottom orificehas a diameter of 0.12 inch and the top orifice a diameter of about 0.50inch. With this tester, as with the Schopper-Riegler tester, the freenessof a pulp is measured by the volume of water that flows through the sideorifice.

In the Oliver tester, the freeness of pulp is measured by the ' time, inseconds, required for the water to pass through the pulp under a vacuum.In this study the pulp was suspended in a volume of 13.2 liters and sub-jected to a vacuum of approximately 15 inches of mercury to produce a free-water value of 30 seconds at 60° F.

The Fir-Tex tester, unlike the other testers, measures freeness in terms ofthe weight of pulp necessary to reduce the flow of water from 0.75 gallonper minute to 0.10 gallon per minute when it is pulled through the pulp padunder a vacuum produced by a 20-foot water leg.

From a drawing of this tester supplied by the Fir-Tex Insulating Board Co.,a tester was assembled at the Forest Products Laboratory. A sketch of theinstrument is shown in figure 1.

Report No. R1719 -2-

Experimental

Weighed samples of the pulps were disintegrated in water of the desiredtemperature by means of the standard disintegrator described in TAPPImethod T-205m. Tests were run in duplicate. When the results differedby a considerable value, additional tests were run in duplicate and theaverage of all tests was used as the result reported.

The results of the tests are shown in tables 2 to 16.

When the consistency of the free, normal, or slow stock "A" was greater than3 percent, the mixture could not be adequately mixed to run a test. Accord-ingly, these stocks were not run on the Schopper-Riegler (regular) testerwith 2 grams of oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area. The samedifficulty was encountered with the free and normal stock "B".

The tendency of stocks "E" and "F" to froth and float in dilute suspensioncaused the stock to cling to the sides of the tester and to the conicalrelease valve, so that results obtained with the modified Schopper-Rieglertester were high and erratic. Another difficulty experienced with thesefree stocks on the modified Schopper-Riegler tester was the tendency ofwater to squirt from the air-vent tube when the conical valve was opened.Loss of water from this tube was kept at a minimum by temporarily holdinga hand over the vent tube.

In using the Fir-Tex tester, water of the desired temperature was run intothe container holding the cup sufficiently fast to maintain a head 1 inchbelow the top of the container. By means of the outlet valve, the flow wasregulated to 0.75 gallon per minute, as indicated on the flow meter. Stockwas slowly added by hand to the container until the water flow dropped to0.10 gallon per minute. The outlet valve was then closed, and the cupimmediately removed and drained. The stock was taken from the screen,dried at 221° F. (105° C.), and weighed.

When the cup was removed, excess stock in the container settled in the drainpipe and plugged beneath the float in the flow meter. To eliminate thisplugging, it was found advisable to stopper the drain line immediately onremoval of the cup and to flush or dip the excess stock from the container.

Discussion of Results

Effect of Weight of Stock on Freeness Valves

As shown in figures 2 to 8, inclusive, an increase in the weight of stockfrom 0.2 to 2.0 grams per square inch of screen area had a marked effect inreducing the apparent freeness values of all the stocks, except when deter-mined by the Oliver tester.

Report No. R1719 -3-

The Schopper-Riegler (regular) and the Canadian Standard testers gave resultsthat followed the same general curves; but, in most instances (stocks "A,""C," "D," "F," and "G") values with the Canadian Standard tester deviated toa greater extent from the Schopper-Riegler values as the freeness of thestock decreased. Vdth stocks "B" and "E," this deviation was equal to orgreater than that with the free stock.

Values with the Schopper-Riegler (oversize) tester showed a more rapid dropin freeness than the Schopper-Riegler (regular) and Canadian Standardtesters with increasing weight of stock until approximately 1 gram persquare inch of screen area was used. With more than this quantity ofstock used, the slopes of all the curves tended to become approximatelyequal. There was, however, no constancy in the spread between the curveswith different stocks.

Values with free stock determined by the Oliver tester showed little or noincrease in time for drainage as the weight of stock increased from 0.2 to2.0 grams per square inch of screen area. Similarly, several of the normaland slow stocks showed no change, while other normal stocks showed a moderatechange and slow stocks showed a considerable decrease in drainage rate. Itis probable that under the conditions of test for Oliver freeness, stockquantities in excess of 2.0 grams per square inch of screen area would showgreater changes in drainage rate for small increases in stock used.

Effect of Temperature on Freeness Values

The effect of temperatures between 60 0 and 100° F. on freeness values areshown in figures 9 to 15. In these curves the values are shown for theweights of stock ordinarily used with the Schopper-Riegler (regular), theSchopper-Riegler (oversize), and the Oliver testers. The y/eight of stockordinarily used with the Canadian Standard tester is 3 grams, which isequivalent to 0:25 gram per square inch of screen area rather than the 0.13gram per square inch of screen area plotted. It was believed advisable,however, to use the values obtained from the tests instead of interpolatedvalues from curves 2 to 8 to show the effect of temperature.

The change in freeness at different temperatures varied with the stock andwith the instrument used.

With the Schopper-Riegler (regular) and the Canadian Standard testers, thefree, normal, and slow stock from any one source exhibited about the samerelative change in freeness over the temperature range of 60° to 100° F.Stocks from different sources, however, showe0 'ca.-fay,f.ons in 6he amount offreeness change with temperature that also differou witn the two testers.

The Schopper-Riegler (regular) tester showed a minimum change of 0 to 15milliliters in freeness for stock "F" to a maximum increase of 30 to 35

milliliters freeness for stock "B" with the increase in temperature.

The Canadian Standard tester showed a minimum change of 10 to 20 millilitersfor stock "C" to a maximum increase of 20 to 70 milliliters for stock "B."

Report No. R1719 -ii-

On most stocks the Schopper-Riegler (oversize) tester showed a greater changeof freeness at different temperatures than either the Schopper-Riegler(regular) or Canadian Standard testers. This tester also indicated a greaterdifference in freeness values for the fast, normal, and slow stocks of anyindividual source, except for stock "D," and showed a more variable effectof temperature on the freeness of all stocks. For example, with a tempera-ture increase from 60° to 100° F., the freeness values of the free stocksincreased from a minimum of 20 milliliters for stock "D" to a maximum of 150milliliters for stock "G." Normal stocks increased from no change for stock"C" to a maximum of 100 milliliters for stock "E" and slow stocks increasedfrom a minimum of 5 milliliters for stock "A" to a maximum of 60 millilitersfor stock "G."

Results with the Oliver tester on free stocks showed practically no changewith a temperature increase from 60° to 100° F. The maximum change was adecrease of 3 seconds with stock "D." Normal stocks showed a slightlygreater change to a maximum decrease of 4 seconds on stocks "A" and "C," andslow stocks showed slightly greater, but still insignificant, changes to amaximum decrease of 20 seconds for stock "B."

The effect of temperature on freeness values determined by the Fir-Tex testeris shown in figure 16. In these tests only two temperatures, 60° and 108° F.,were used since running water was required and these temperatures were mosteasily maintained. The effect of temperature differed with the differentstocks, but in general was more pronounced with the free stocks. Thistester, like the Schopper-Riegler (oversize) tester, indicated greaterdifferences between the fast, normal, and slow stocks of an individualcompany than the other three testers used. The principal disadvantage ofthe Fir-Tex tester is the necessity for drying and weighing the stock padcaught in the cup. This objection is partially offset by the fact that asample does not have to be weighed or measured previous to the determination.

Spread in Freeness Values

The spread in freeness values obtained with the different instruments isshown in figure 17. Since the spread under all conditions of test wasgreater with the oversize Schopper-Riegler tester than with the othertesters used, the values obtained with this tester were taken as astandard to compare the spread in values obtained with the other instru-ments. The values shown were obtained under optimum conditions to givethe greatest spread for each instrument.

With the oversize tester, figure 17 shows the stocks arranged in order ofdecreasing freeness. The same arrangement of stocks used in the graphs forthe other testers further shows the wide variations in the order of valuesobtained with the different instruments.

Report No. R1719

-5-

Conclusions

On the basis of the tests made, it appears that no exact correlation existsbetween the freeness values obtained by the different instruments used.

Results obtained by the Schopper-Riegler (regular) and Canadian Standardtesters were in close agreement for most stocks, but showed wide discrep-ancies with other stocks (slow stocks "B" and "G"). These testers indicateddifferences between a free, normal, and slow stock to a certain degree,but the differences are not so great as would be desirable.

The Oliver tester indicated wide differences in the freeness of free, normal,and slow stocks "A," "B," and "C," and only slight differences in theother free, normal, and slow stocks.

Since the Schopper-Riegler (oversize) tester showed greater differences be-tween free, normal, and slow stock and larger variations with temperaturechanges, it appears to be the most critical of the testers used for differ-entiating freeness values of board stocks. The difficulty experienced withthis instrument in losing water through the air-vent pipe when using freestock, could undoubtedly be overcome, but the tendency for the 5,000-milli-liter container to hold some stocks to its wall might require some modifica-tion in the shape of the container.

The Fir-Tex tester gave freeness values that differentiated between a free,normal, and slow stock to a slightly lesser degree than the Schopper-Riegler(oversize) tester, but it appeared to have merit as a means for determiningthe drainage rate of a board stock. In order to make it applicable for con-trol tests, a rapid means of drying and weighing the pad of stock would haveto be developed.

In this work, no attempt was made to correlate freeness of a stock with itsrunning properties on a machine. With any individual furnish on a singlemachine, a close relationship should exist between freeness determined byany method and running properties. ath different furnishes on one ordifferent machines, it is believed that a value based on drainage time orweight of pulp required for constant change in drainage rate might give acloser correlation than the values based on the divided-funnel type ofinstruments.

Report No. 81719 -6-

Table 1.--Basic characteristics of five commonly used freeness testers

Tester : Screen : Screen :Volume of :Free water value:Vacuum: area : mesh :suspension: :

: Sq. in.: : Nil. Ml. :Sec.: In.hg.

Schopper-Riegler: : • ::

(regular) • 16.1 : 60 x 80 • 1,000 • 960 : • 0

Schopper-Riegler : : : : :

(oversize) • 16.1 : 80 x 80 : 5,000 : 3,100 • • 0

Canadian Standard: 13.2 : 625 holes : 1,000 : 865 • • 0: : 0.02-inch : : : :: : diameter : : : :: : per square: : : :: : inch : : : :

Oliver 70.9 • 42 x 42 : 13,249 • 30 : 15

Fir-Tex type ....: 11.0 : 32 x 32 • • • •

Rept. No. R1719

Freeness

: Canadian : Oliver : Fir-Tex

: Standard : :

:Mi. : Sec. : Gm.

805 : 30 : 27820 : 3o • 82o : 3o : 34

755 : 3o : 17

770 : 3o •: 775 : 30 : 25

: 830 : 30 : 36835 : 29 •835 : 29 : 48

760 : 31 : 16780 : 31 :.•, 790 : 31 : 19

805 : 30 : 57805 : 30810 : 30 : 78

830 : 29 : 60845 : 28 • 845 : 28 : 91

805 . 29 : 57810 : 29810 . 29 : 60

Schopper-Riegler(oversize)

1,6251,7251,650

2,2102,27o1,900

2,6402,3902,510

9101,0901,160

3,0803,1503,070

2,9453,1153,190

2,6902,7352,800

• •

Table 2.--Effect-of temperature on the freeness values of a free sto ck

(0.13 gram oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area except withFir-Tex tester)

Stock : Temperature :

: Schopper- :: Riegler :

: : (regular) :

F. : Ml. •.: : •

A : 60 : 925 :80 : 940 :

: 100 : 945 :•

B 60 : 850 :: 80 : 855 :: 100 : 885 :

C : 60 : 935 :: 80 : 940 :: 100 : 945 :

D : 60 : 885 :: 80 : 895 •: 100 : 890 :

E : 60 : 965 :

80 965 :

100 970 :

F : 60 : 925 :: 80 : 920 :

100 : 925 :

G 60 : 915 :

80 920 :

100 920

Rept. No. R1719

A 60

845

8o

85o100

86o

B 60

57080

590100

615

C 60

80580

815100

815

D

E

F

G

6o80

loo

608o

100

6o8o

loo

6080

100

63565o660

700720730

850860890

710715720

Table 3.,-Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a free stock

(0.5 gram oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area)

Stock : Temperature: Freeness

Schopper-Riegler(regular)

: Schopper-: Riegler: (oversize)

: Canadian: Standard

Oliver

° F. : Sec.

87076585o

9651,040

815

1,0801,0801,365

365420440

2,4202,7752,710

2,6852,8202,545

1,5101,3801,445

735 3o740 30745 • 30

500 30545 3o555 3o

720 327?0 31725 30

535 3256o 32575 32

620 3163o 3165o 31

770 31790 30815 3o

640 3165o 29655 29

Rept. No. R1719

Table 4.--Effect of temperature on the freeness values of . a free stock

(1.0 gram oven—dry stock per square inch of screen area)


: Schopper— : Schopper— : Canadian : Oliver: Riegler : Riegler : Standard :: (regular) : (oversize) : :

e F. : Mi. ha. Ill. : Sec.

60 : 665 540 560 : 3080 : 675 590 565 : 30

100 680 585 570 : 30

60 470 435 330 : 3080 475 410 : 365 : 30

100 510 415 395 : 3o

60 : 665 565 : 580 : 3380 680 565 • 585 : 32

100 : 685 710 : 605 : 33

60 470 200 : 390 : 3280 500 210 : 390 : 31

100 : 500 210 : 400 : 31: • :

60 : 520 2,010 : 440 :: 3280 : 545 2,125 : 455 • 32

loo 555 2,185 : 465 : 32

60 : 700 1,990 : 650 : 3280 : 710 2,125 : 655 : 31

100 : 730 2,405 : 660 : 31: .

•:

60 : 500 680 •. 465 : 3280 : 520 700 : 465 : 30

100 : 535 625 : 470 : 30: : :

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Rept. No. 81719

Table 5.-,Effect of temperature .on the freeness values of a free stock

.(1.5 grams oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area)


Schopper- : Schopper- : Canadian : OliverRiegler Riegler : Standard ::

: : (regular) : (oversize) : :

: ° F. La. Iva. : Ml. : Sec.

A • 60 485 345 : 390 : 30: 80 505 405 : 395 : 3o: loo 525 410 : 400 : 30: • : :

B : 60 370 275 : 235 : 3080 400 295 : 255 : 3o

: 100 405 350 : 285 : 30

C : 60 525 400 : 440 : 33: 80 550 • 400 : 460 : 32: 100 555 : 465 : 465 : 34

D : 60 355 120 : 265 : 33: 80 370 120 : 295 : 32: 100 390 140 : 305 : 32

E : 60 400 1,540 : 330 : 33: 80 425 1,560 : 340 : 34: 100 460 1,790 . 265 : 34

1,250 F : 60 (1) : (1) : 33: 80 (I) : (I) : 32: 100 (I) 1,355 . (I) : 32

G : 60 415 440 : 315 : 32: 80 430 580 : 325 : 32: 100 430 590 300 : 32: • :

1-Insufficient stock.

Rept. No. R1719

Table 6.--Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a free stock

(2.0 grams oven-Edry stock per square inch of screen area)


: : Schopper- : Schopper- : Canadian : Oliver: Riegler : Riegler : Standard

: : (regular) : (oversize)) :

: ° F. : Ml. : Ml. : Ml. : Sec.

A : 60 : (1) : 290 : 280 •. 30: 80 : (T.) : 370 : 280 : 30: 100 : (1) : 275 : 280 •. 30

B : 6o : (1) : 200 : 150 : 30: 80 : (17) : 245 : 170 : 30: 100 : (I) : 25o : 185 -. 30

c : 60 : 415 : 300 355 : 34: 80 : 435 : 32o 360 : 34

100 : 445 : 400 365 -. 34

D : 60 : 285 : 110 140 : 34: 80 : 290 : 115 160 : 33

:305 : 120 175 : 31100 :

E : 6o : (2) : 1,150 235 : 34•. 80 : (7) : 1,290 245 : 34: 100 : (7) : 1,570 265 : 34•

F 60 : (2) : 1,095 (2) : 3580 : (7) : 1,055 (7) : 34

100 : (7) : 1,055 (7) • 34

G 60 : 320 : 390 245 : 3480 : 325 : 440 240 : 34

100 : 315 : 450 240 : 34

1S- uspension too heavy to mix.

2Insufficient stock.

Rept, No. 81719

Table 7.--Effect of temperature on the freeness values of.a normal stock

(0.13 gram oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area except with Fir-Tax tester)

Stock: Temperature : Freeness

: Schopper- Schopper- : Canadian : Oliver : Fir-Tex

A

C

D

E

F

G

0

: Riegler :: (regular) :

905920920 •

815 •

82584o

875880885 ••

855865890

93o935945

905910915

905: 910

910

Riegler Standard ::(oversize) :

Ml. Ml. :•

1,130 7901,265 8101,320 815

790 (1)755 (T)835 (T)

1,155 7951,490 8051,620 815

810 715970 765

1,005 780

2,260 7952,300 8002,390 805

3,095 7953,045 8103,100 820

•2,465 (1)2 ,345 (r-)2,510 (I)

Sec. Gm.

14(1)

14(1)13

13•

23

12(1)1L

18(1)23

51(1)5E

32 .•

(1)3.6

6080

100

6080

100

608o

loo

6o80

100

6o80

loo

6o8o

100

6o80

100

333231

3o3o29

373535

323231

353535

3o2929

302929


Rept. No. R1719

Table 8.-4ffect of-temperature on the freeness values of a normal stock


Stock : Temperature: Freeness: : : : Schopper- : Schopper- : Canadian : Oliver: : Riegler : Riegler : Standard :: ! (regular) : (oversize) :

: ° F. : Ml. : M. : Ml. Sec.

A : 60 ; 720 630 : 625 34: 80 : 730 : 655 : 645 33: 100 : 740 : 660 : 655 32

B : 60 : 510 : 490 : (1) 30: 80 : 515 : 510 : (I) 30: 100 : 570 : 560 : (T) 29

C : 60 : 605 : 420 : 595 37: 80 : 625 : 420 : 610 36: 100 : 635 : 420 : 615 36

D : 60 : 625 : 340 : 505 338o : 635 : 355 : 555 33

: 100 : 670 : 450 : 580 32: : 1

E : 60 : 675 : 930 : 530 3580 : 700 1,190 : 535 35

: 100 : 725 1,390 : 545 33

F : 60 : 740 : 2,195 : 625 30: 80 : 750 : 2,375 : 640 29

loo : 76o : 2,555 : 650 28

G : 60 : 700 1,090 : (1) 3180 : 700 : 1,230 . (I) 31

100 : 700 : 1,320 : (1) 30


Rept. No. R1719

Table 9.--Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a normal stock



: Schopper- : Schopper- : Canadian : Oliver: Riegler : Riegler : Standard :

: (regular) : (oversize) : :

: ° F. : Ll. Ml. Ml. : Sec.

A 60 : 590 325 460 : 3580 : 595 345 485 : 34

100 : 605 350 510 32

B 60 : 325 245 (1) 32

80 : 375 250 (I) 31

100 : 405 : 275 (I) •. 30

•

C 60 : 440 : 210 380 : 40

80 : 450 : 215 390 : 39

100 : 485 : 245 395 •. 36

D 60 : 430 : 195 : 370 : 34

80 : 440 : 205 : 3 8o .. 33

100 : 465 : 230 : 400 •• 33

E 60 : 425 : 400 : 345 •• 36

80 : 445 : 480 : 365 . 34

100 : 460 : 495 : 390 • 33

F 60 : 560 : 1,560 : 450 •. 32

: 80 : 580 : 1,520 : 460 : 31: 100 : 590 : 1,790 : 475 : 30

G : 60 : 500 : 485 : (1) : 32

80 505 : 410 : (T) : 32

: 100 : 505 : 540 : (T) : 31

1—Insufficient stock.

Rept. No. 81719

Table 10.4Effect . ofteM Qrature on the freeness values of a normal stock

(1.5 grams oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area)


: Schopper- : Schopper- : Canadian : OliverRiegler : Riegler : Standard :

: : (regular) : (oversize) :

: ° F. : Ml. : la. : Ml. : Sec.

A : 60 : 460 : 215

80 465 : 250: 100 : 480 : 255

B : 60 : 205 : 160

80 : 220 : 170: 100 : 290 : 175

C : 60 : 345 : 175; 80 : 350 : 185: 100 : 395 : 170

D : 60 : 355 : 80

80 : 360 : 95: 100 : 370 : 120

E 60 : 305 : 305

80 : 320 : 365

100 : : 345 : 400

F : 60 : 415 : 720: 80 : 420 : 730

100 : 435 : 735

G 60 : 380 : 330

80 : 395 : 370

100 : 390 : 405

: 345 36•. 380 35-. 390 : 33

: (1) : 37: (I) : 32: (I) : 32

: 235 : 42: 240 : 41: 290 : 38

: 225 : 35•. 255 : 34: 275 : 33

: 280 : 36-. 285 : 35: 295 : 33

. 305 : 314-. 310 : 33: 320 : 31

•. (1) : 34: (I) : 32•. (I) : 32


Rept. No. R1719

Table 11.--Effect of temperature on the freeness value of a normal stock



Schopper- • Schopper- : Canadian • OliverRiegler • Riegler : Standard •

: (regular) : (oversize)) : •

• ° F. Ml. : Ml. : Ml. : Sec.

A • 60 (1) : 160 : 255 : 3880 (T) : 170 : 270 : 37

100 (I) 180 : 290 : 34

B : 60 (1) : 125 : (2) : 3780 : (1) : 135 : (2) : 34

100 : (1) : 135 : (2) • 34

C : 60 : 255 : 110 : 180 : 4380 : 260 : 125 ; 215 42

: 100 : 275 : 130 : 230 : 39

D : 60 : 260 : 70 : 125 •. 3580 : 270 : 115 : 170 -- 35

100 : 270 : 120 : 175 .. 35

E : 60 : 215 : 245 : 215 : 3680 : 240 : 260 : 220 35

: 100 : 250 : 300 : 230 35

F • 60 : 235 : 515 : 180 3580 270 : 500 : 190 34

100 310 : 650 : 200 : 33

G : 60 300 : 280 : (2) : 3580 : 305 : 280 : (2) : 35

100 : 310 : 295 : (2) .. 35

1-Suspension too heavy to mix.2-Insufficient stock.

Rept. No. R1719

Table 12.--Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a slow stock

(0,13 gram oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area except withFir-Tex tester

Stock : Temperature : Freeness

: : Schopper— : Schopper— : Canadian : Oliver : Fir-Tex

: Riegler : Riegler : Standard : •

: (regular) : (oversize) : : •• :.-- : —: —:------- : —,—

!F. : Ml. Ml. : Mi. : Sec. : Gm.

: : : :A : 60 : 880 : 875 : 755 : 38 : 10

80 : 910 : 1,010 : 770 : 37 : (1): 100 : 910 : 1,000 : 785 : 35 : If

:B : 60 : 795 : 705: 605 :

: 80 : 825 : 740 650 : 311 : 3(1)

100 : 840 : 815 : 675 : 31 • 13

C 60 : 840 : 1,010 : 765 : 35 : 10

80 : 845 : 1,035 : 775 : 35 • (1)

100 : 850 : 1,060 : 780 : 35 : 21:

D 60 : 835 : 705 : 690 : 33 • 9

80 : 860 : 825 : 740 : 32 : (1)

100 : 880 : 960 : 745 : 32 • 13

E 60 : 855 : 1,700 : 745 • 35 15

80 : 870 : 1,820 : 755 :

100 : 885 : 1,960 : 770 :34 • (1)

34 • 20

F 60 : 890 : 2,805 790 •. 31 : 22

80 : 900 : 2,500 : 800 : 30 : (1)

100 : 910 : 2,515 : 810 : 29 : 3Z5

•.

G 60 : 855 • 1,955 : 740 •

80 : 860 : 2,085 : 800 :34 • 17

31 • (1)

100 : 880 : 2,100 : 805 : 31 : 23: .


Rept. No. R1719

Table 13. --Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a slow stock

(0.5'gram oven-dry stock per square inch of screen area)

Stock : Temperature:

: Schopper- :Riegler(regular) :

Freeness

Schopper-Riegler(oversize)

: Canadian : Oliver: Standard :

700.715725

42044o 1450

565.

595595

57o595600

440470505

710715725

690695,715

La•

325,325300

320335340

37o390500

27533o36o

92093o

1,040

1,3701,4802,090

675900990

565580590

325370405

494535535

490510530

420450475

580590600

535605625

0•• Sec.••

••

3937

••

343232

••

373736

••

•• 343233

353434

313131

343232

° F.

A

6o80

100

6080

100

C

6o80

100

D

6080

loo

E

6080

100

F

608o

100

G

6080

100

••

••

••

••

••

••

••

••

Rept. No. R1719

A : 6o : 545 : 185 : 375 : 4780 : 550 : 205 : 415 : 42

100 : 560 : 200 : 420 : 40: : : : •

B : 60 : 220 : 170 : 170 : 42: 80 : 250 : 180 : 195 •

100 : 260 : 195 : 225 -

C : 60 : 400 : 190 : 250 : 4o: so : 405 : 205 : 260 : 40

D : 60 : : 135 : 245 : 354114134:5

: 220 : 260 -

80 : 435 : 145 : 310 : 33100 : : 170 : 350 : 33

E : 60 . 315 : 275 : 250 3580 340 : 325 : 290 34

100 370 : 350 : 320 34

F : 60 510 : 670 : 420 32: 80 525 715 : 440 : 32

100 535 : 730 : 480 : 31

G : 60 475 380 : 305 : 3480 505 435 : 380 : 33

100 505 455 : 410 : 33

.

. 38

. 38

. 38

: Riegler : Riegler : Standard •: (regular) : (oversize) :

Table 14,....Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a slow stock


Rept. No. 81719

ure: Freeness

100 :

Rept. No. 81719


195 : 155235 : 165250 : 185

F : 60 36o : 360 : 285: 80 380 : 3 80 : 300: 100 410 : 400 : 325

G : 60 370 : 275 : 220: 80 380 : 290 : 280: 100 360 335 : 285: : : fa

Ml. MI.••

125 : 230

125 •. 265

130 : 300

110 : 85

115 : 95

140 : 100

115 : 155

140 : 160

140 : 180

80 : 145

75 : 170

90 : 200

Schopper- : Schopper-: Riegler Riegler: (regular) : (oversize)

: CanadianStandard

:

° F.

6080

100

6080

100

6080

100

6080

100

E 6080

100

MI.

415 :445 :460 :

175 :185 :190 :

255 :275 :310 :

350 :360 :370 :

250 :265295 :

A

B

C

B

Table 15. !-Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a slow stock


: Oliver:

Sec.

52• 48

46

•.

5843

: 41..: 46: 45•• 42

: 35: 34: 33

: 37: 34•. 34

: 33: 33

3

-. 35: 34: 34

Rept. No. 81719

D

E

F

Table 16.--Effect of temperature on the freeness values of a. slow stock



: Schopper- Schopper- : Canadian : Oliver: RieglerRiegler.: : Standard: (regular) (oversize) : :

A

B

C

60 :

80 :

100 :

60 :

80 :

100 :

60 :

80 :100 :

60 :

80 :

100 :

24o : 45245 : 55260 : 60

170 : 150185 : 185210 : 190

(2) : 155(7) : 205(T) : 200

255 : 210290 : 225

315 : 295

•

Ml. ::

Sec

: 155 : 56: 170 : 52: 203 : 49

: 40 : 61: 50 : 47: 50 : 41

: 70 : 14985 : 49

:: 115 : 47

•. 85 : 38: 95 : 38: 110 : 37

• :

•. 125 : 39: 155 : 36•. 180 : 34

: (2) : 35: (7) : 34•. (7) : 33

: 150 : 36: 175 : 35•. 230 : 34

° F. : Ml. Ml.:

60 : (1) 7580 : (I) : 80

100 : (1) 90

60 : 120 : 8580 : 130 : 90

100 : 140 140

60 : 215 : 95*80 : 230

100 : 235 : ICOX5)

1-Suspension too heavy to mix.2".insufficient stock.

Rept. No. R1719

Documents

COMPARISON Of SEVERAL FREENESS TESTERS ON RAM STOCE