Comparative Notes by Safal Sethi

8/12/2019 Comparative Notes by Safal Sethi

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Made clear distinction between technical andmanagerial work.

Identified the main steps in the process ofmanagement (planning, Organizing, Staffing,Directing and Controlling).

Developed fourteen principles ofmanagement which act as a guidelines formanagers for managerial work.


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Principles

Division of work Authority and Responsibility Discipline Unity Of command

Unity of direction Remuneration of persons Centralization and Decentralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative Esprit De Corps


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Whole work must be divided into small tasksor units of work.

Technical, Managerial and Skilled jobs shouldalso be divided into small segments.

Increases the specialization of an employee. Improves efficiency of employees by

performing only one part of the job.


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Authority means power to take decision

Responsibility means obligation to complete

the assign job on time

When some responsibility is given to aperson, the matching authority should alsobe given.

Excess authority may lead to negative results.


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Discipline refers to general rules andregulations of an organization.

It also mean developing commitment in theemployees towards organization and towardseach other.

Discipline is required at every level oforganization, not only at a subordinate level.


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Employee should take order from only oneboss.

No confusion in the mind of a subordinate.

No ego clashes.

Improves effectiveness in working


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One unit one plan.

Everyone should work in harmony toachieving common goal of the organisation.

No wastage of resources and efforts ofemployees


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Interest of the organization must supersedethe interest of individuals

All employees should work towards theinterest of an organization

Employees should know that their growthdepends upon the companys growth.


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Employees must be paid fairly andadequately to give them maximumsatisfaction

Remuneration must be just and fair.

Employees get motivated.

Devotion and commitment of employeeimprove.


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Centralization means concentration onauthority and power with top level.

Decentralization means evenly distribution ofpower at every level There must be a combination of both in an

organization Fast decision at operational level and strict

control by top level.


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Scalar chain means Line Of authority fromhighest to lowest rank.

Everyone in the organisation must follow therules of scalar chain.

But in case of emergency, a short cut can betaken, known as Gang-Plank.


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Orderly arrangement of men and material,i.e., a fixed place for everything and everyone

in an organization. No wastage of time in search of men and

material. Smooth and systematic working of

organization.


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Fair and just treatment to employees.

No bias in dealing with employees

Gives maximum satisfaction to employees.

Motivate employees and boost up the moralof employees.


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Employees must get an opportunity to takesome initiative in making and executing

plans. Gives immense satisfaction among

employees. Managers must welcome the suggestions and

ideas of employees before making a plan. Develops feeling of belongingness in

employees.


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Means union is strength.

Develop Team spirit

Every employee must work as a part of team

Managers must develop a feeling ofbelongingness among employees


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No frequent Termination or Transfer

Must provide job security among employees.

No wastage of time and resourses.

Frequent turnover of employees is bad fororganization.


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Taylor theory was introduced in 1911

He introduced scientific managementprinciples replacing the rule of thumb

He simply applied scientific tools andmethods to solve management problems


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Techniques

Functional foremanship

Standardization and simplification of work

Fatigue study

Method study

Time study

Motion study

Differential Piece wage system Mental Revolution


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Efficiency Expert in U.S. SteelIndustry

Invented New Tool Designsand Handling Methods Designed Stop-Watch Task

Timing Created Piece-Rate Payment

Scheme Developed Industrial

Departments
http://www.skymark.com/resources/leaders/taylor.htm


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He advocated that specialisation must beintroduced in a factory.

Division of factory in two department: Planningdepartment and Production department

Experts in every department to guide theworkers


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Standardization means maintaining standardamong size, type, weight, measure and qualityof the product.

Simplification means eliminating unnecessarydiversity of product, size and types.


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Advantages of STANDARDISATION It is economicalto have standardised

material, tools and equipments. Operators can be trainedeasily. Helps in achieving economies of large scale

production. Reduce cost of production.


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Fatigue is generally caused by long workinghours.

It emphasis on: The Frequency of rest intervals

The duration of rest intervals

The no. of rest intervals

This study aims at providing proper restinterval to the employees to increase theeffectiveness of the work.


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Find one best method of performing the jobwhich maximizes the profit.

All methods should be tried first and then thebest should be selected.


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The Standard time required to perform a job.

Setting up standard target for workers.

Determining the number of workers requiredto perform a job.

Categorizing the workers in efficient andinefficient categories.


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Observe an average worker when he isperforming a job by determining his

movements.

Differentiate between productive andunproductive movements.

Cut down all unproductive and wastefulmovements.


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Paying different rate of wage to efficient andinefficient employees.

Extra wages paid to efficient employees willmotivate both efficient and inefficientemployees.

When payment given acc. to no. of unitsproduced, it will automatically maximize theproduction.


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Change in mental attitude of workers andmanagement towards each other.

Co-operation between worker andemployees.

Develop positive thinking among each other.


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Both conributed in the evolution of managementthought

Both emphasised on proper utilisation of humanresourse

Stressed on the technical and professional aspects Responsible for managerial revolution Both were a successful manager in life so gave a

very practical solution

Both were unable read to the human psychology tosome extent Both emphasised on maximum output Both emphasised on division of work Both emphasised on competent management


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Fredrick taylor Henry Fayol

Place of origin American French

Working proces Shop floor level Managerial level

Importance given bythem

Emphasised on time &motion study

Gave importance toplanning & controlling

Recognition of approach Recognised as an engineersapproach

Recognised as a managersapproach

Difference of approach Confined to productionmanagement

Confined to overallmanagerial job

Their contribution Scientific based management Emphasised onadministration

System of wage payment Differencial payment system He emphasised on profitsharing for managers

Results Sceintific observation

management

Personal experience

translated into universal

Difference

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Comparative Notes by Safal Sethi