COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT OF MALAYSIA

8/12/2019 COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT OF MALAYSIA

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Name ID

Afrin Haque Prianka 113

Mahfuj Alam 124

Mahmud Hossain 160

Dilruba Azmiry 163

Rabeya Akter Shumi 166

We are


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Official Name Malaysia

Population 26,160,256

Total Area 127,316 sq mi (329,750 sq km)

Capital city Kuala Lumpur

Language Malay, English, Chinese dialects, Tamil,

Mandarin and many others.

Currency Ringgit (MYR)

Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak (2009)

GDP purchasing power parity $378.9 billion

GDP Per Capita purchasing power parity $14,700.

Malaysia

Author: Jodie R. Gorrill, M.A. Intercultural Communication-www.communicaid.com


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History of Malaysia

A geographically truncated Malaysia emerged out of the

territories colonized by Britain in the late nineteenth and

early twentieth centuries.

Britain was attracted to the Malay peninsula by its vast

reserves of tin, and later found that the rich soil was alsohighly productive for growing rubber trees.

Malaysia was established in September 1963 through the

union of the Independent Federation of Malay.

The theme of Malaysian is One Malaysiawhich

indicates the Malaysian as number one.

Thomas Williamson (www,advameg.inc.)


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King of Malaysia


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King of Malaysia

On 3 November 2006, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

was elected by the Conference of Rulers as King of

Malaysia.

He is the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.

He start in December 13, 2006 for a five year term

following a rotation system practiced by the Rulers.

The king embodies Malaysia's heritage as a

collection of Muslim kingdoms and also serves astitular head of the armed forces and keeper of the

official religion, Islam.

www.kingmalaysia.info


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Demography & Location

Malaysia's ethnic diversity makes Malaysia one of the most cosmopolitan places onearth. Malaysia's population comprises twenty-six million people.

The government aims for increasing the national population to seventy million by the

year 2100.

The birth rate is 22.0%, infant mortality rate 15.3% , life expectancy 73.5%.

Western Malaysia is on the southern tip of the Malay peninsula, and stretches from the

Thai border to the island of Singapore.

Eastern Malaysia includes the territories of Sabah and Sarawak on the north end of

Borneo, separated by the country of Brunei.

Most large cities, heavy industry, and immigrant groups are concentrated on the west

coast; the east coast is less populated, more agrarian, and demographically more Malay.



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Cities of Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur (1 February 1972)

Ipoh (27 May 1988)

Kuching (1 August 1988)

Johor Bahru (1 January 1994) Kota Kinabalu (2 February 2000)

Shah Alam (10 October 2000)

Malacca Town (15 April 2003)

Alor Setar (21 December 2003)

Miri (20 May 2005)

Petaling Jaya (20 June 2006) Kuala Terengganu (1 January 2008)

en.wikipedia.org


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Economy of Malaysia

GDP (purchasing power parity)- $378.9 billion (2009 est.)

GDP per capita (PPP)- $14,700 (2009 est.)

GDP composition by sector- agriculture: 10.1%, industry: 42.3%, services:47.6% (2009 est.)

Labor force- 11.29 million (2009 est.)

Population below poverty line- 5.1% (2002 est.)

Unemployment rate- 5% (2009 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)- 0.4% (2009 est.)

Main industries- Rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, Lightmanufacturing, Ectronics, Tin mining and smelting, Logging, Timber processing;Agriculture processing, Petroleum production and refining.

www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/malaysia/malaysia_economy.html


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International Trade

Exports- $156.4 billion (2009 est.)

Export commodities- electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural

gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals.

Imports- $119.5 billion (2009 est.)

Import commodities- electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics,

vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals.

Stock of direct foreign investment at home- $86.43 billion (31 December2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad- $70.7 billion (31 December 2009

est.)

www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/malaysia/malaysia_economy.html


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The Captain of Malaysia

Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad


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Personal

Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad born 10 July 1925 in Alor Setar, Kedah.

His father, Mohamad Iskandar, was of Indian descent and his mother, Wan Tampawan,

was Malay.

He graduated in 1953, and then joined the Malayan government service as a medicalofficer.

He married Siti Hasmah Mohd Ali and left government service in 1957 to set up his

own private practice in Alor Star.

Mahathir thrived in private practice, and allowed him to own by 1959 a Pontiac

Catalina and employ an ethnic Chinese chauffeur. He have seven children, four sons and three daughters.

Mahathir was widely known as an outspoken critic of "Western-style globalization."

www.mahathir_mohammad.com.info


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Political career

In the third general election of 1964, Mahathir was elected Member of Parliament

for Kota Setar Selatan with a 60.2% majority.

He lost the seat in the following general election in 1969 by a mere 989 votes

While in the political wilderness, Mahathir wrote a book, "The Malay Dilemma in

which he sought to explain the causes of the 13 May Incident in Kuala Lumpur and

the reasons for the Malays' lack of economic progress within their own country. He was appointed as Senator in 1973.

He relinquished the senator shippost in 1974 and was appointed as the Minister

of Education.

He became one of the three vice-presidentsof UMNO in 1975.

Mahathir was appointed as Deputy Prime Ministerin 1978 and in a Cabinetreshuffle appointed him concurrently as the Minister of Trade and Industry.

Mahathir resigned from UMNO on 19 May 2008 which coincides with the vesak

Day celebration.



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Prime minister-

Mahathir became the Prime Minister of Malaysia on 16 July 1981.

He was the nation's first Prime Minister that came from a modest social background,

whereas the first three prime ministers were members of the royal or elite families.

After 22 years in office, Mahathir retired on 31 October 2003, making him one of Asia's

longest-serving political leaders.

Upon his retirement on 31 October 2003, Mahathir was awarded a "Tun"-ship, Malaysia's

highest civilian honour.

Major constitutional changes-

In 1983 and 1991, he took on the federal and state monarchies, removing the royal veto and

royal immunity from prosecution.

Prior to this amendment of the law, royal assent was required in order for any bill to passinto law.

With effect of this amendment, approval by parliament could be legally considered as royal

assent after a period of 30 days, notwithstanding the views of the monarchs.



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Culture of Malaysia


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Culture of Malaysia

Within Malaysian society there is a Malayculture, a Chineseculture, an Indianculture, a Eurasianculture, along with the cultures of the indigenous groups of thepeninsula and north Borneo.

The important social distinction is between Malayand non-Malay.

The national culture must be based on the indigenous Malay culture, where the Malayelite that dominates the countrys politics.

Sarawakand Sabah, the two Malaysian states located in north Borneo, tend to be lessa influential part of the national culture

Sarawakwas governed by a British family, the Brookes (styled as the "White Rajas"),and Sabahwas run by the British North Borneo Company.



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Malay

Chinese

Indian

Others

In Malaysian diverse culture, 60 percentare classified as Malay, 25 percentas of

Chinese descent, 10 percentof Indian descent, and 5 percentas others.



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Language:

Malay became Malaysia's sole national language in 1967, which is known asBahasa Melayu.

Television news broadcasts in Malay, English, Mandarin, and Tamil.

With Malay language they have other popular languages. Such as:

English

Chinese

Cantonese

Hokkien

Mandarin Tamil

Others

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://researchers.in.th/file/sudjai/Communication.jpg&imgrefurl=http://researchers.in.th/file/sudjai/view/988&usg=__1ND3RELdLaB8B6I5frne0URQ5rU=&h=1200&w=1200&sz=258&hl=en&start=1&zoom=1&tbnid=VjJpSDDMU8tdfM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcommunication%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1


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Religion:

Nearly all the world religions, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, andChristianity are present in Malaysia.

Islam is the official religion as 60 percent of the population is Muslim in

the country.



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Local Customs:

Whenever meet an older person or a woman, greet with a slender bow.

Introduce the ladies first and then move on to introduce men.

For enter, leave a place or pass by someone, show a moderate bow, which gives the

expression of "excuse me.

One should not touch other peoples top portion of the head.

Malays do not appreciate display of affection in public places.

Touching someone from the opposite sex is also avoidable.

Avoid public display of anger, try to take things easy.

People in Malaysia are pretty relaxed, so avoid pushing them too much for services.

Malay people like to eat with their hands. The practice is also followed in the

restaurants.

www.asiarooms.com/local-customs-and-traditions-in-malaysia.html


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Superstitions:

Pointing at a rainbow will make your finger drop off.

A girl who sings in the kitchen is fated to marry an old man.

If cats are allowed to jump over a corpse it will sit up as a ghoul, and many others.

Names:

The Chinese Malaysian traditionally have 3 names. The surname (family name)

is first and is followed by two personal names.

Malays do not have surnames. Instead, men add their father's name to their own

name with the term "bin" (meaning son of) and women use the term "binte .

Indians do not use surnames. Instead, they place the initial of their father's name

in front of their own name.

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Business Culture


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Communication:

Bahasa Melayu is the official language of Malaysia. Although most

government officials speak English also.

English spoken in Malaysia often has unique pronunciations, syntax, and

grammar, which can lead to misunderstandings. It is often good to spend time going through the social pleasantries before

discussing any actual business issues.

A vital element of Malaysian culture, as with most Asian cultures, is the

concept of lose face and save face.

Malaysians prefer the words as less important and put attention on voicetone, body language, eye-contact and facial expressions.

Suitable topics of conversation would be family, sport (especially soccer),

your impressions of Malaysia, your organisation, future plans etc. Topics

to avoid might be politics, religion and ethnic tensions in Malaysia.



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Values & Attitude:

Gifts are not usually exchanged as they may be perceived as a bribe.

Apart from using right hand, gifts must be properly wrapped, arewrapped in cheerful colors like pink, red etc, never wrap gifts in black,white or blue.

In Malaysia, asking people about their weight, income and maritalstatus is not uncommon and is viewed as an acceptable approach to

initial conversations.

Dress:

Unlike in other Asian cultures, dress codes are somewhatrelaxed in Malaysia, and wearing a suit is not always required.

The color yellow is reserved for Malaysian royalty and should

therefore be avoided.

Lothar Katz-www.NegIntBiz.com
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.quintcareers.com/womens_suit4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://corporateappareltrends.com/blog/tag/company-clothing/&usg=__xN3gSIDfjIBNfLNIulfUS0lyQoo=&h=449&w=305&sz=53&hl=en&start=19&zoom=1&tbnid=HzDNxR1_OX339M:&tbnh=127&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcorporate%2Bdress%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1


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Business Card Etiquette:

Business cards are exchanged after the initial introductions.

If you will be meeting Chinese, have one side of your card translated into

Chinese, with the Chinese characters printed in gold.

If you will be meeting government officials, have one side of your cardtranslated into Bahasa Melayu.

Use two hands or the right hand only to exchange business cards.

Examine any business card you receive before putting it in your business

card case.

Never write on someone's card in their presence.

www.kwintessential.co.
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Banking Hours:

Monday - Friday : 9.30am to 4.30pm.

Saturday & Sunday : Closed (some bank branches, notably those located in

shopping malls, open on weekends)

Government Agencies:

Monday - Friday : 8.30am to 4.30pm

Saturday & Sunday/Public Holiday : Closed

Post Office:

Monday - Saturday : 8.30am to 6pm

Department Stores:

Monday- Sunday: 10am to 10pm

Copyright 1995-2010 Star Publications (M) Bhd (Co No 10894-D)

Business Hours


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Dining Etiquette:

One should take off shoes and clean feet at the entrance.

The most senior member sits at the head of the table, which is usually farthest

away from the entrance to the room.

The host of the business function is to order all dishes for the party.

Beverages are not to be served before dinner, and are to be accepted with both

hands. And most importantly alcohol is avoided as a muslim based country. Both Muslims and Hindus believe that the left hand is unclean. For this reason,

eating and passing items to another must be done with the right hand.

The guest should not start eating before the hosts signal to eat.

Do not chew and talk at the same time. Take each morsel in small bites and do not

swallow in big bites. If you tasted something and did not like it, do not place it back in the communal

dish. Put it aside your own plate.

If service was exceptionally good, leaving the change from your paid bill will

suffice as an additional tip.

http://www.cpamedia.com/food/malay_kitchen/
http://www.cpamedia.com/food/malay_kitchen/http://www.cpamedia.com/food/malay_kitchen/http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://abm.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/01/09/women_in_business_3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cashprior.com/blog/2009/09/celebrate-womens-small-business-month-with-a-business-cash-advance/&usg=__ypV3mqoF1AXQHlvEuz5lYy4iGV0=&h=448&w=320&sz=12&hl=en&start=1&zoom=1&tbnid=MuhqcTQKnwPykM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwomens%2Bin%2Bbusiness%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1


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Women in Business

Gender equality is stronger in Malaysia than in many other Asian countries.

Quite a few women can be found in leadership positions, and they generallyhold positions that are more influential and enjoy more respect than elsewhere.

Malay women may not shake hands with men. Women can of course shakehands with women. Men may also not shake hands with women and may bowinstead while placing their hand on their heart.

Visiting businesswomen should have few problems in the country as long asthey act professionally in business and social situations.

Lothar Katz-www.NegIntBiz.com
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://abm.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/01/09/women_in_business_3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cashprior.com/blog/2009/09/celebrate-womens-small-business-month-with-a-business-cash-advance/&usg=__ypV3mqoF1AXQHlvEuz5lYy4iGV0=&h=448&w=320&sz=12&hl=en&start=1&zoom=1&tbnid=MuhqcTQKnwPykM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwomens%2Bin%2Bbusiness%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1


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Analysis Using Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions

There is a high correlation between the Muslim religion and the Hofstede Dimensionsof Power Distance (PDI) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) scores.

When these two Dimensions are combined, it creates a situation where leaders havevirtually ultimate power and authority, and the rules, laws and regulations developed by

those in power, reinforce their own leadership and control.

Power Distance Index (PDI)High

Individualism (IDV)Low

Masculinity (MAS)- Average

Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)- Moderately-Low

www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysia
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysiahttp://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysiahttp://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysiahttp://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysia


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Graphic analysis:

www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysia
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysiahttp://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysiahttp://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysiahttp://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_malaysia


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Comparison with other Countrys

Country PDI IDV MAS UAI

Malaysia 104 26 50 36

China 80 20 66 40

Hong Kong 68 25 57 29

United States 40 91 62 46

Netherlands46

80 14 53

Australia 36 90 61 51

www.clearlycultural.com/geert.../power-distance-index


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Management Practice of

Malaysia


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Malaysian management practice

Malaysian organization follows hybrid management practice which is based on groupcounseling and problem solving.

Style:Malayan follows brotherly, caring, impact on term productivity and

specified style.

Techniques:Following techniques are ; generate familiar climate, put group

pressure on individual improvement, foster group unity, use input from customer. Coaching and counseling:Face to face. One on one ,time specification, self

esteem, frank to openness.

Conflict management:Directness, confrontational, get it out in the open

,managed on the basis of logic- fact, and control the over competition.

Teambuilding:Role classification, problem solving work team, task orientationbuild a work team.

Monitoring:task orientation, individual achievement, future based monitoring.

Communication:face to face, direct to the point, open in the frank assessment.


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Organizing in Malaysia

Who is responsible for

activities?

The responsibility and accountability is with the

group members.

Structure of

organization

Bureaucratic organizational structure with

hierarchical order.

Nature of organization

culture

There is a divergent organization culture with

ethnic group.

Identification with

what?

Identification is with the profession and shows

greatest loyalty with company.


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Staffing in Malaysia

Who recruits? Respective organizations and recruitment

agencies.

Loyalty to whom? Loyalty towards the organization

Who are recruited? Skilled, graduate and if needed outsourced fromother countries.

Job security Prior notice is given before firing. Moderate

security.

Remuneration & benefits According to experience & qualification of theemployees.

www.pacificbridge.com/publication.asp
http://www.pacificbridge.com/publication.asphttp://www.pacificbridge.com/publication.asp


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Negotiation Tactics of Malaysia


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Negotiation Tactics

Group composition Large

Number involved 5 - 18

Space orientation Display harmonious relationship

Establishing Rapport Short period, this allows participants to

become personally acquainted.

Gathering information Spend considerable time ininformation collection and discuss

details.

Int.Business by Lother Katz-www.NegIntBiz.com


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Share information Sharing information is not freely

accepted.

Persuasion techniques Deceptive techniques, pressure

techniques (time pressure),

emotional techniques, defensive

tactics.

Ignoring techniques Aggressive, adversarial techniques

Negotiation style Competitive, long term relation,

win-win solution

Bargaining process Distributive, contingent

Pace of negotiation Slow and protracted

Price offer Moved by 25-40 percent into

initial price and final agreement

Int.Business by Lother Katz-www.NegIntBiz.com


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Malaysian Business Etiquette

(Do's and Don'ts)

DO be patient with your Malaysian counterpartsduring business negotiations. The process is often along and detailed one that should not be hastened.

DO remain polite and demonstrate good etiquette at

all times. Elderly Malaysian business people forexample should be treated with respect and alwaysacknowledged before younger members of theorganisation. This is an essential part of achievingsuccessful business dealings in Malaysia.

DO take time to establish productive businessrelationships with your Malaysian colleagues. Initialmeetings are generally orientated towards developingsuch relationships and will be maintained throughoutand beyond the negotiations. Without them, yourbusiness plans may be fruitless.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://static-p3.fotolia.com/jpg/00/19/45/82/400_F_19458286_fhghuKjZtAf4ev2oKoRPqN183uZJPiuv.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fotolia.com/id/19458286&usg=__ciycLSxdnXs9XwarbkN0xJai31I=&h=400&w=400&sz=26&hl=en&start=5&zoom=1&tbnid=Ab5cgiJ_cdEPkM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsign%2Bof%2Btick%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1


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DONT assume that a signed contract signifies a final

agreement. It is common for negotiations to continueafter a contract has been signed.

DONT be surprised if your Malaysian counterparts askwhat you may consider to be personal questions. InMalaysia, asking people about their weight, income andmarital status for example, is not uncommon and is

viewed as an acceptable approach to initialconversations.

DONT enter into business with a Malaysian companywithout a letter of introduction from a bank or mutualacquaintance. This will help your request for a futuremeeting, as Malaysians prefer to conduct business with

those they are familiar with.

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Tourism in Malaysia


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Tourism is one of the major sources of income for Malaysia. Malaysia is one of the

most pleasant, hassle-free countries to visit in southeast Asia. Tourism in Malaysia, especially after 1990, continue to be popular.

Malaysia ranked 9th positionin 2009 World Tourism Ranking among 58 mostvisited countries.

Petronus Twin Towerhas the 7th positionamong the top tourist spots in Asia.

10 most popular places:

1.Btu Fringgi, Penang.

2. Petronus Twin Tower, Kualalmpur.

3. Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah.

4. Langkawi: The island of mystical legends.

5. Sepang International F1 Circuit.

6. Taman Negara.

7. Perhentian Island.

8. Gunung Mulu Caves.

9. Sipadan Islands.

Tourism in Malaysia

http://malaysiatourism.indya.com/destinations.html
http://malaysiatourism.indya.com/destinations.htmlhttp://malaysiatourism.indya.com/destinations.html


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Petronas Twin Tower

Tenghu tengha zaharah mosque

National Mosque

Batu-Feringgi

Kinabalu

LangkawiTaman Negara.

Perhentian Island. Awana skyway


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The development of Eco-tourism in Malaysia

Tourism is fast becoming the second most important sector for Malaysian economy.Despite the scare of the September 11, 2001 attack on the United States.

Global economic downturn, over 12.7 million tourists visited Malaysia last year,generating over RM24 Billion revenue to the economy, an RM7 Billion jump

compared to the figure of 2000.

Prior to this. Malaysian tourism had enjoyed quite an impressive average growth of9.26% between 1981 and 2000.

WWF Malaysia estimates that Malaysia gains RM655 million per year from

ecotourism. This figure is rather small compared to the estimated RM24 Billiontourism brings into the economy.

http://traveltips.usatoday.com/tourism-malaysia-17200.html
http://traveltips.usatoday.com/tourism-malaysia-17200.htmlhttp://traveltips.usatoday.com/tourism-malaysia-17200.htmlhttp://traveltips.usatoday.com/tourism-malaysia-17200.htmlhttp://traveltips.usatoday.com/tourism-malaysia-17200.htmlhttp://traveltips.usatoday.com/tourism-malaysia-17200.htmlhttp://traveltips.usatoday.com/tourism-malaysia-17200.html


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Tourism arrival and RM growth
http://malaysiatourism.indya.com/destinations.html

Documents

COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT OF MALAYSIA