Community Shelter Home - Poverty Environment Community Shelter Home The main objectives of the demonstration on Community Shelter Home were to identify and demonstrate a prototype

Community Shelter Home

Community Based Adaptation in Vulnerable Coastal Areas of Bangladesh” Sub-project Under

RETA 6422 - Mainstreaming Environment for Poverty Reduction Project

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Publication Team

Morshedul Alom Ripon

Anwar Hossain

Farhana Sharmin

Haseeb Md. Irfanullah

Photographs & Technical support

Morshedul Alom Ripon

Anwar Hossain

Technical support

Grateful to the ADB’s national consultant Dr. Anirban Mustafa and RESET project to use the basic design of

the housing constructed under that project.

This is a publication under the project titled ‘Community Based Adaptation in Vulnerable Coastal Areas of

Bangladesh’ of Practical Action, Bangladesh co-funded by Asian Development Bank.

2013

Practical Action, Bangladesh & ADB

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Preface

About one third of Bangladesh belongs to the coastal zone. The coast part of this country is known as a zone of

multiple vulnerabilities. Most of them are natural like, cyclones, storm surges and floods which gets extended

shape combining with hazards originated mainly due to manmade cause such as climate change, sea level rise,

intrusion of saline water, water logging etc. Traditionally the coastal people used to make their house with mud,

leaves and wood. Due to intrusion of saline water during Aila, the soil and water has been contaminated with

salinity that lost the bonding properties to make house with mud even RCC structure. Often the heavy wind

turns into cyclone then ever before which destroy the mud and leaf made houses. To protect people and

livestock from cyclone and cyclone induced floods, suitable shelters are required for people. Lager structure

like cyclone shelter is not adequate in that place and required more investment.

With the aim to demonstrate climate resilient shelter home Practical Action Bangladesh piloted a project named

“Community Based Adaptation in Vulnerable Coastal Areas of Bangladesh” co funded with ADB in the

Shyamnagor and Kaligonj Upazilla under Satkhira district from March 2011 to April 2013. Considering that

community shelter home has been constructed to protect live of individual family which can also accommodate

in and around another -5 families during short duration disaster like, cyclone.

Veena Khaleque

Country Director

Practical Action, Bangladesh

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Community Shelter Home

The main objectives of the demonstration on Community Shelter Home were to identify and demonstrate a

prototype house design using indigeneous knowledge and available local materials. The materials and design of

the house will be saline tolerant, cyclone resistant in a certain range, out of cyclone induced flood in a projected

level. It also identify a mechanism of community shelter home so that the shelter could be used as normal house

and shelter for a limited neighbors during disaster to protect the lives and valuable assets.

To identify the house design community level meetings were conducted and the experience of RESET project

of Practical Action, Bangladesh was considered. The design of the shelter under RESET project was customized

on the basis of experience and local demand. Under this project the shelters were five different types in using

different materials for its wall and design in RCC column. The frame was almost same.

Following are the types of constructed houses-

Type1: Pre cast Ferro cement half wall and Bamboo thrush half wall

Type2: Half brick wall and half wood wall

Type3: Half brick wall and half rubber sheet fence

Type4: Full cement-mud-jute fiber wall

Type5: Half brick wall and half mud wall

Typical Content in community shelter home:

1) 18 X 20 Squire feet House

2) 6 X 13 Squire feet Veranda

3) 2 pit semi pacca offset toilet with water supply system

4) 2000 litter Rain Water Harvesting and utilizing System for Drinking purpose

5) 6 X 7 Squire feet attach kitchen with improve cock stove

6) An Emergency Chamber

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Engineering Drawing :

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7

8

9

10

Type-1: Pre cast Ferro cement half wall and Bamboo thrush half wall

Type-1: Completed House

Costing in 2012 at project location

SL # Component Materials Cost (TK)

1 Plinth Plinth is same for 10 shelters home. Constructed by earth filling,

compaction and Ferro cement plastering.

21359

2 Main

Column 10 nose 5”X 5” Pre cast RCC column with 4 nose 10mm Rod and

net cement finishing on its surface above plinth level.

19913

3 Varandh’s

Column

4 nose 5”φ cast in situ RCC column with 3 nose Rod in PVC Pipe to

covered it

6604

4 Wall up to 3

feet height

3” Pre cast Ferro cement wall with net cement finishing on both side 14626

5 Wall above 3

feet to top

Bamboo’s Mat 11590

6 Door &

Window

Door is made by wood. Window is made by plain sheet on wooden

frame and 10mm Rod is used as grill.

12499

7 Roof .42mm Color CGI Sheet on wooden frame 57279

8 Kitchen Mud and Bamboo’s stick used for fence for kitchen, a improve cock

stove is installed here

3355

9 RWHS 2000 litter reserve capable Gazi tank, constructed platform for tank

basement up to plinth level, well pipe line connecting for rain water

collecting, flashing and utilizing purpose

22255

10 Toilet 2 pit by 16 nose RCC Pre cast ring, toilet’s floor and plinth

constructed by Ferro cement , fence and roof covered by rubber

sheet on bamboo’s frame. Water supply system is set by mud

madden tank with pipe line and a bib cork connecting in the toilet.

9550

11 Emergency

Chamber

A 40 litter capacity plastic dram is used as emergency Chamber 250

Total 179280

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Type-2 : Half brick wall and half wood wall

Type-2 : Completed House





21359

2 Main



19913

3 Varandh’s

Column


covered it

6604

4 Wall up to 3

feet height

5” brick wall with net cement finishing on both side 13850

5 Wall above 3

feet to top

Wooden fence 21208

6 Door &

Window



12499




3355




22255





9550

11 Emergency

Chamber


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Total 188122

Type-3 Half brick wall and half rubber sheet fence






21359

2 Main

Column 10 nose 5”X 5” cast in situ RCC column with 5” X 5” continuous

lintel by 4 nose 10mm Rod and net cement finishing on its surface.

Here Main rod used also as anchorage rod.

31413

3 Varandh’s

Column


covered it.

6604

4 Wall up to 3

feet height

5” brick wall with net cement finishing on both side. 13850

5 Wall above 3

feet to top

Rubber sheet and Bamboo 13960

6 Door &

Window



12499




3355




22255





9550

11 Emergency

Chamber


Total 192374

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14

Type-4: Full cement-mud-jute fiber wall






21359

2 Main



19913

3 Varandh’s

Column


covered it

6604

4 Wall up to 3

feet height

8” mud wall with bamboo’s stick as reinforcement 12250

5 Wall above 3

feet to top

5” mud wall with bamboo’s stick as reinforcement

6 Door &

Window



12499




3355




22255





9550

11 Emergency

Chamber


Total 165314

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Type-5: Half brick wall and half mud wall






21359

2 Main



19913

3 Varandh’s

Column


covered it

6604

4 Wall up to 3

feet height

5” brick wall with net cement finishing on both side 13850

5 Wall above 3

feet to top

5” mud wall with bamboo’s stick as reinforcement 6600

6 Door &

Window



12499




3355




22255





9550

11 Emergency

Chamber


Total 173514

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Steps of construction

Plinth:

Plinth level was raised up to 2.5-3 feet from Ground level considering water logging and projected flood level.

One layer of Ferro cement casting was used on compacted plinth to avoid erosion during disaster.

Ferro Cement Mixer ratio was 12.5 ׃

Figure 1: Plinth Rising and compaction

Figure 2: Plinth Compaction

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Figure 3: Plinth Dressing and compaction before Ferro cement Work

Figure 4: Ferro cement work at Plinth

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Figure 5: Ferro cement work and net cement finishing

RCC Column:

Cast in situ and pre cast RCC pillar both were used in different houses as support. 5feet of 12.5 feet pillars were

pushed in to the ground from plinth level. The main pillars were plastered by net cement finishing. The pillars

of balconies were raped by PVC pipe to avoid harmful impact of saline weather. 10mm MS rods were used here

as main reinforcement and 8mm MS rod used as stirrup with 6” c/c direction.

Concrete mixer ratio was 14 ׃ 2 ׃

Figure 1: Preparation for RCC Column

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Figure 2: Case Making for Pre cast RCC Column

Figure 3: Casting work of Pre cast RCC Column

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Figure 4: Installing Pre Cast RCC Column

Figure 6: Pre cast column installed

Figure 5: Installed Pre cast RCC Column

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Figure 6: Footing of Cast in situ RCC Column

Figure 7 : Under Construction of Cast in situ Column

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Figure 8: Cast in situ RCC Column with Lintel

Roof Structure:

Mature Rain tree timber was used here to make roof frame. The truss of roof frame was anchored by main

reinforcement rod of RCC pillar. 0.42mm color CGI sheet were used as roof cover to avoid tearing, overturning

and rusting at adverse weather , there were also used a GI flat bar on roof cover’s end point to protect

overturning during cyclone.

Figure 1: Under construction Roof Structure

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Figure 2: Prepare of Wooden frame

Figure 3: Roof Truss Setting

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Joint Detail of Roof Truss:

Figure 1: Corner joint with Column

Figure 2: Truss Joint

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Figure 3: Truss Anchored with RCC Structure

Figure 4: King Post Truss

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Figure 5: Roof Covering

Figure 6: Complete Roof Structure

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Window

The window’s frame is wooden, it is made by Rain Tree timber and its shutter was made by GI Plain sheet on

wooden frame. 10mm MS Rod used here as grill.

Figure 1-2: The window’s shutter is functioning to vertical movement to work as sunshade and shutter at time.

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Door

Mature Rain tree timber was used to make door and was painted.

Figure 1-2: Door front view

Fence:

Mud Wall: Mud wall is an indigenous practice in this area. Due to the salinity, the soil bonding is the problem

to sustain the mud wall now. To overcome the problem some technology was introduced here. Bamboo sticks

were used here as reinforcement. In additional 5% jute fiber, 10% cement and 20% fine sand was mixed with

mud to avoid erosion, stability and to enhance bonding capacity of mud. The wall was also plastered by sand-

cement mixer to resist humidity.

Figure 3: Traditional Mud Wall Figure 4: Compare with Traditional Mud Wall

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Figure 1: Complete Mud Wall Figure 2: Mud Mixing and Process

Figure 3: Mud wall in kitchen and Living room (above 3 feet)

Ferro cement wall:

Pre cast Ferro cement slab was used as a wall (mixer ratio-1:2.5). The pre cast slab was bind with pillar by GI

wire and it was plastered by nit cement finishing protecting from humidity.

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Figure 1: Pre cast wall placement

Fig. 2: Pre cast wall binding with column Fig3: Complete Ferro cement wall up to 3 feet from Plinth

Brick Wall:

5 Inches brick wall up to 3 feet from plinth level was used in 5 Community shelter home. Brick wall was

plastered with nit cement finishing on both sides to resist adverse humidity.

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Figure 1: Masson work Figure 2: Plastering on brick wall

Figure 3: Complete Brick Wall

Fence by Rubber Sheet:

Rubber sheet, a recycling materials were used in fence. It is very light and cheaper. Day by day the popularity

of this sheet is increasing because the bamboo is very costly here to make fence. More over salinity can not

harm to it. It will float during future cyclone induced flood that could help the people as life boat. The Rubber

sheet is available in local market in various color, thickness and size. As it is recycled and synthetic material,

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helping the environment protecting trees of timbers. It is looking very nice and its construction process is very

easy.

Figure 1: Fencing by rubber sheet

Figure 2: Complete house fencing by rubber sheet

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Wooden Fence:

Figure 1: Wooden fence above 3 feet

Fence by Bamboo’s Mat:

Figure 1-2: Fence by Bamboo’s mat above 3 feet Ferro cement pre cast wall

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Rain water harvesting system:

For drinking water rain water harvesting and utilization system with 2000 litter reserve capacity tank was

installed per shelter home. The basement of reserve tank was raised by considering water logging and projected

flood level.

Figure 1-2: Rain Water Harvesting System

Kitchen:

A well ventilated attached kitchen per shelter home and an improve cock stove, a pipe line water system for

collect rain water from tank also in the kitchen.

Figure 1: Outer side of Attach kitchen Figure 1: Inner side of Attach kitchen

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Toilet:

A two pit semi pacca offset latrine was installed at per shelter home. It was fenced and roofed with rubber sheet

considering its beautification, availability, sustainability and maintenance. Here a low cost rain water harvesting

and utilizing system also installed by mud made tank with pipe line into the toilet. So, people need not take the

water from outside (usual at rural Bangladesh) before going to the toilet.

Figure 1: Outer side of Toilet Figure 2: Inner side of Toilet

Emergency Chamber:

A water proof plastic container has placed at ground of the

floor of each house as emergency chamber. During disaster the

house owner will be able to use the chamber to keep his

valuable papers and goods.

Figure 1: Emergency Chamber

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Home stead gardening:

Different type of saline tolerant and break fruits like Elephant apple, Star apple, tamarinds and vegetables were

planted in the homestead.

Documents

Community Shelter Home - Poverty Environment Community Shelter Home The main objectives of the demonstration on Community Shelter Home were to identify and demonstrate a prototype