Community Initiative on Sustainable Wetland Management in Danau

8/3/2019 Community Initiative on Sustainable Wetland Management in Danau

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Sustainable WetlandManagement in Danau

Sentarum NP areas


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Danau Sentarum NationalPark The Danau Sentarum National Park covers an area of 132,000hectares, and is located in the floodplain of the upper Kapuas River

in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo

DSNP consists of a series of interconnected seasonal lakes (danau),interspersed with swamp forest, peat swamp forest, and dry lowlandforest on isolated hills

DSNP is a key conservation area on Borneo, supporting about 250fish species (including 12-26 endemics), about 250 bird species,Borneo's largest inland population of proboscis monkey, one of thelargest remaining populations of orangutan, possibly three crocodilespecies, and several dozen endemic plants

The lakes support a large traditional fishing industry, utilized by over6,500 fisher folk inhabiting 39 villages in and adjacent the Park.

During about nine months of the year the lake system is relativelyfull (average maximum depth 6.5 m), though levels may fluctuatesubstantially. During the remainder of the year (usually late June-early September), waters usually retreat to the deepest channelsand the lakes often dry out entirely. This annual cycle of rising andfalling water levels dominates the ecosystem and exerts a stronginfluence on the lives of its people, plants and animals.


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Nilai penting Kawasan TNDS Fishing

When water levels are high, fishing activity is at ebb and carried out for subsistenceonly. During the onset of the dry season (usually June), as water levels drop, fishingactivity picks up, and when the lakes have almost dried out, fishing activity peaksand almost everyone are involved

Farming

About 4,500 hectares have been cleared altogether for ladang, which is about 3.5percent of the Park

Honey Harvesting

Honey is an important product at DSNP, and the honey industry dates back to atleast the early 1800s. The industry is well-described by de Mol (1933), who reportedthat at that time, about 500 families collected honey and wax in the area, each familyoperating 40-150 tikung . Harvesting occurred mainly at the end of the wet season,or early dry season, by smoking the bees - migratory Asian Giant Bee Apis dorsata -out by means of a torch.

The total honey yield of the Park was estimated to be 20-25 tons in 1993, with almostone third of all families participating, having 10-500 tikung each. Honey productiondeclined dramatically again between 1997 and 2000 as migratory bees were drivenaway by smoke from the 1997 El Nio fires.

Hunting

Hunters from Iban Dayak hunt a variety of wildlife within and near the Park, including

turtles and tortoises, Reticulated Python Python reticulatus, Bearded Pig Susbarbatus, Sambar Deer, Malayan Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus, Orangutan, and


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Timber Harvesting

Timber is in high demand for a wide range of uses, including housing, boat and canoe(sampan) construction, simple furniture, tikung, walkways, and floating cages. Although a wide

range of timber species may be used, including a range of dipterocarp (meranti) species, themost desired timber species is Fagraea fragrans (Loganiaceae), known locally as tembesu,which produces a very durable, high quality timber that is very resistant to rot and termites.Harvesting is restricted to periods of high water, to facilitate transport of the timber, and usuallycarried out in October-December.

Non-Timber Forest Product Harvesting

a wide variety of non-timber forest products in the Park's swamp forests, and in addition tohoney, the most important are three species of rattan (cane): duri antu (Calamusschistoacanthus), duri tapah (Calamus tapa) and duri pelanduk (Ceratolobus hallierianus).One person can harvest up to 150 canes on a good day, and from 3,000 - 5,000 per year,depending on market conditions and the flooding cycle. Locally, rattan is used for tying andbundling, and most importantly, for the construction of fish traps and barriers.

other products from the swamp forests and lakes of the Park, including many fruit, vegetables,timber, herbal medicines and plant dyes. Over the years the inhabitants of the lake area havediscovered uses for such a variety of plants, that there are few species that are not found tobe useful in one form or other.

Giesen (1987) recorded that, for a total of 207 plant species, 81 percent were put to use bylocal communities, being either consumed directly as fruit or vegetable (30%), used forconstruction (27%), medicine (6%) or other household uses such as dyes, rope, weaving,household appliances, glues and insect repellent (18%). Plants used as firewood only totaled

a mere three percent, and numerous plants have multiple uses.


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Economic Benefits

Many of the benefits derived from the DSNP cannot bedirectly expressed in monetary terms. The lake basinplays several very important functions, such asbuffering Kapuas River waters (flood prevention,maintenance of river transport and water supplies), andproviding a habitat for many species of fish, reptiles and

other wildlife. The lakes of the Park have a strong effecton the flow of the Kapuas River. In the dry season, upto 50 percent of upper Kapuas River discharge mayconsist of lake water, while in the wet season, up to 25percent of peak flow is absorbed by the lakes. Also,most of the extracted resources are for local

subsistence, and do not enter the market economy. Extracted resources that do enter the market economy

were valued at about US$ 2.6 million in 1996, whiledirect (unmarketed) domestic benefits were estimatedto be about US$ 16 million.


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Inisiatif Pengembangan OrganisasiRakyat sebagai Produsen Madubersertifikat organis Tujuan

adanya standar proses penjagaan kawasan,panen, pasca panen, pengangkutan, danpenyimpanan yang berdasarkan pengetahuandan kearifan setempat dan diperbaharui dalam

kerangka dan mekanisme organisasi yangmengandalkan pengawasan internal

Hasil : pengelolaan kawasan seluas 28 ribu hektar (25%

dari luas akwasan TNDS) Produksi madu sebanyak 12-25 ton pertahun penerapan Sistem Penjamin Mutu Internal

(internal Control system) bagi 217 anggota dari11 periau untuk produk madu organis


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Hasil

2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010Proyeksi2010-20..

Jumlah Periau 5 8 8 9 33

Jumlah Anggota 89 158 175 217 500

Luas (Ha) 7.378 12.363 12.363 15.607 34.000

Jumlah Tikung 7.683 13.253 15.764 16.863 27.000

Produksi (Kg) 4.329 163 16.214 4.219 30.000

Terjual (Kg) 432 105 15.850 4.179 30.000

Harga Rp per kg 28.000 28.000 45.000 45.000 135.000

Omzet Penjualan (Rp) 120.960.000 3.008.000 714.001.500 227.131.000 4.050.000.000


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Lesson learnt

Salah satu pembelajaran dari proses itu adalah Adaperbedaan budaya. Budaya yang terkandung dalam SPMI/ICS adalah budaya

pengawasan manjemen dan tanggung jawab personal.

SPMI/ICS mengharuskan mendokumentasikan semua peristiwatransaksi dan pengawasan dalam bentuk laporan tertulis.

SPMI/ICS mensyaratkan keterbukaan, disiplin lebih dan sanksitegas.

Budaya budaya diatas memunculkan ketegangan antarabudaya tulisan dan budaya verbal, diantaranya:

pengawasan manajemen dan cara pengelolaan

kekeluargaan, berbicara di belakang dengan ekspresi segan/malu dan

berbicara terbuka di forum organisasi,

sikap disiplin dengan sanksi tegas dan sikap permisifserta longgar


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Inisiatif masyarakat dalamManajemen Perikanan di Perairan

TNDS Problem model dan tatacara penangkapan ikan

diantaranya pukat (35%) dan jala (30%) danselebihnya menggunakan, pancing (10%) danselebihnya atau sebesar 25% ditangkap dengan

menggunakan pengilar dan tabung/bubu. Variasi alat tangkap lain yang cukup masif dan

mencolok di bagian hilir sungai leboyan adalahpenggunaan warin yang tingkat kerapatannyayang sangat rapat sehingga ikan kecil hingga

besar masuk kedalam warin tersebut. penangkapan ikan dilakukan di sepanjang tahun

dengan puncaknya pada bulan April sampaiAgustus dan awal musim hujan Septembersampai Oktober


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Problem

terjadinya penurunan populasi ikan ditandaidengan ukuran suboptimal bahwa ikan-ikantersebut telah mengalami overfishing.

Penurunan jumlah populasi ikan juga terjadiakibat penurunan kualitas lingkungan.Berbagai aktivitas seperti pembuanganlimbah domestik, perladangan dan illegallogging(2000-2006) dapat menyebabkanpenurunan kualitas lingkungan perairan.

Beberapa species yang mempunyai nilaiekonomis yang tinggi umumnya telahmengalami overfishingyang terjadi karenatingginya permintaan pasar domestik maupununtuk keperluan eksport seperti ikan ulang-uli

(Botia macracanthus).


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UPAYA YANG DILAKUKAN :

1. MEMBENTUK STRUKTURORGANISASI KELOMPOKNELAYAN PENGELOLADANAU LINDUNG.

2. MEMBERLAKUKANSISTEM ZONASI DALAMKAWASAN DANAULINDUNG.

3. MERUMUSKAN HUKUM

ADAT / KEARIFAN LOKAL4. MEMBENTUK

KELOMPOKMASYARAKATPENGAWAS(POKMASWAS)


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5. PELEPASLIARAN(RESTOCKING) ARWANATOTAL YANG SUDAH DILEPAS (RESTOCKING) = 23 INDUK (10

DARI SWADAYA MASYARAKAT, 13 BANTUAN DARI PEMDA)

NO TAHUNPELESTARI

AN

JUMLAHDILESTARIKA

N(EKOR)

KETERANGAN

1 2000 2 AWALNYA 3 EKOR DARI MASYARAKATSEBELUM DILEPASKAN KE DANAU 1EKOR MATI

2 2002 9 AWALNYA 12 EKOR DARI BUPATI,SEBELUM DILEPASLIARKAN 3 EKOR MATI

3 2005 6 4 EKOR HASIL SWADAYA MASYARAKAT2 EKOR SUMBUNGAN BUPATI

4 2008 6 4 EKOR SWADAYA MASYARAKAT2 EKOR SUMABNGAN PEMDA

5. 2011 10 3 EKOR SWADAYA MASYARAKAT4 EKOR DARI WWF3 EKOR DARI PEMDA


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DANA ABADI MASYARAKAT DARI HASIL KOSNERVASI IKAN SILUKDAN IKAN LAINNYA TERSEBUT SUDAH DIGUNAKAN / DIALOKASIKANUNTUK :

MEMBANTU PEMERINTAH DALAM KEGIATAN PENDIDIKANBERUPA : HONOR GURU TK, MEMBANGUN GEDUNG SERBAGUNA ( SEMENTARA INI DIGUNAKAN UNTUK SEKOLAH TAMANKANAK-KANAK).

PERBAIKAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN FASILITAS RUMAH IBADAH(MESJID).

PEMBANGUNAN FASILITAS UMUM LAINNYA SEPERTI JALAN,JEMBATAN DLL

SUMBANGAN PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN PERAYAAN HARIKEMERDEKAAN RI DAN HARI BESAR KEAGAMAAN.

SUMBANGAN DUKA. MEMBANTU ORGANISASI KELOMPOK PEMUDA DAN

PEREMPUAN. PENDANAAN KEGIATAN PEMBERSIHAN KAWASAN PERAIRAN

UMUM (SUNGAI/ DANAU/ KERINAN).

DAMPAK SOSIAL EKONOMI:

DANA ABADI MASYARAKAT


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Hasil Panen Ikan Arwana DariTahun 2004 s/d 2009

No Tahun Produksi(ekor)

HASIL

PRODUKSI

(JUTA)

10%

UNTUK

PERLIDUNG

AN (JUTA)

1 2004 28 210 21

2 2005 31 162 16,2

3 2006 36 143 14,3

4 2007 41 147 14,7

5 2008 27 77 7

6 2009 29 101 10,1

Jumlah 192 840 84

DAMPAK INISIATIF


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DAMPAK INISIATIFPERLINDUNGAN KAWASAN

PERAIRAN Dampak konservasi

Pelestarian species (arwana, kelansau,

ramin, ikan betutu, orangutan, bekantan,enggang)

Perlindungan kawasan hutan

Hutan lindung ADAT

Populasi dan Densitas jenis ikanMENINGKAT


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references

Padmarsari, FX. W., T. R.Setyawati.2009. Upaya Budidaya IkanRingau ( Datnioides microlepis)

Sebagai Peluang PengembanganKomoditas Baru di Kawasan KoridorTaman Nasional Betung Kerihun dan

Taman Naasional Danau Sentarum.Laporan Penelitian. LembagaPenelitian Universitas TanjungpuraPontianak

Documents

Community Initiative on Sustainable Wetland Management in Danau