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Community Development Professionals
TAFE NSW – South Western Sydney Institute,
Granville
Guest Lecture
Patrick Baffoun
20 August 2012
INTRODUCTION
Aims of the Guest Lecture
To explore current perspectives and approaches in the community sector in Western Sydney
2
To identify and discuss about existing values and driving principles underpinning Community Development work
To examine proven models and strategies with particular reference to Community Development work with people from refugee backgrounds
To consider lessons learnt from experience and ways to work effectively in the area of Community Development
INTRODUCTION
Outline of the Presentation
1. Community Development Perspectives and Approaches – Mapping of Refugee Services
3
2. Recovery Framework of Trauma Survivors – STARTTS case study
3. Asset and Strength Based Community Development Models – Practical Applications
Building social connections and assisting people to better manage and access resources
Promoting and preserving our culture and language of origin
Bringing people together
Maintaining links with the
community
Getting people
engaged
Focusing on education as a pathway to social
integration and productive participation
Building our capacity to better serve our
people
Facilitating economic independence to get out of poverty and of long-term reliance on government
subsidies
Providing opportunities for community participation, socialisation, sharing and
learning
Valuing diversity and people’s cultural heritage
Shifting from service
delivery to people’s
empowerment
SESSION 1
Aspirations and Vision towards Community Development across refugee services
Service Providers Refugee Organisations
Build trust and social connections
Encourage advocacy for self and for own community
4
Engaging with hard to reach families who do not access services
Raising awareness and advocating for people
back home
Helping people to better understand trauma
Encouraging young people to volunteer
Service Providers
Refugee Organisations
Sour
ce: T
NA
2011
Connections
Diversity
Trust
InclusionAdvocacy
Engagement
Equal Access
Independence
Empo
wer
men
t EducationCapacity Building
Social Capital
Empowerment
Capacity Development
Resourcing Advocating
Current approaches towards Community Development across refugee services
collective action focus and community
development approach
welfare focus and product orientation
self-help focus and service orientation
case management focus and client centred approach
Supportingself-sufficiency
Encouraging Participation
FacilitatingIntegration
Advocating for self and others
Enabling people to achieve their own
aspirations
Ensuring equal access and opportunities
Providing support for improved livelihood
and a better life
Assisting people to gain economic independence
through employment and entrepreneurship
Facilitating Linkages and Referrals
Filling gaps in service provision
Coaching andMentoring life skills
Preserving language and culture of origin
Bringing people together and promoting
harmony and cohesion
Seeking partnerships
and cooperation Raising awareness
about Australian norms
Facilitating social inclusion
Sample Frameworks
PS: font size congruent with most frequently mentioned responses
Social Capital
Empowerment
Capacity Development
Resourcing Advocating
Developing and supporting Community Groups
Source: TNA 2011
Facilitating community education and consciousness
5
DevelopingLeadership
collective action focus and community
development approach
welfare focus and product orientation
self-help focus and service orientation
case management focus and client centred approach
Sample Frameworks
PS: font size congruent with most frequently mentioned responses
Social Capital
Empowerment
Capacity Development
Resourcing Advocating
Enabling people to achieve their own
aspirations
Facilitating Linkages and Referrals
Seeking partnerships
and cooperation
Promoting social inclusion
DevelopingLeadership
SESSION 1
SESSION 1
Community Development Principles
So, it’s all about building and maintaining relationships ! But, can
relationships be taught ?
No. But it can be learned. How?
By watching others, by listening to
stories, by feeling others’ response to what you say and
do...
And if I make a mistake?
Then you will learn more
quickly?
Strength Based
Community
determined/driven
and owned
Bottom-Up/Organic
Long-term
Process Oriented
Flexible/Responsive
6
Culturally-Sensitive
Value Based
People cannot be developed. They
can only develop themselves
by participating in activities which
affect their well being
(Julius Nyerere, 1968)
SUMMING UP SESSION 1
Perspectives and Approaches of Community Development
Go to the people, learn from them,
start with what they know,
build on what they have… then when
the work is done and the tasks
accomplished, the people will say we
have done this ourselves
(Lao Tsu, 500 BCE)
7
INDIVIDUALFAMILY
REFUGEE COMMUNITY
MAINSTREAM SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS
SOCIAL/SUPPORT NETWORK
AWARENESS RAISING, TRAINING, EVENTS/FORUMS, NETWORKING, ADVOCACY, PUBLICATIONS,...To develop understanding and awareness, and as a result improve service effectiveness
COUNSELLING, PHYSIOTHERAPY, REFERRALS, PSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT, ...To restore safety, control and trust, and as a result contribute to overcoming fear and anxiety
FAMILY THERAPY/SUPPORT, WORKSHOPS FOR PARENTS, ...To restore attachment and connections, and as a result contribute to overcoming loss and depression
YOUTH PROGRAM, SPORT & RECREATION CAMPS, STRUCTURE ESTABLISHMENT, CONSULTATION,...To restore sense of self, values and dignity, and as a result contribute to overcoming humiliation, guilt and shame
PEER AND SUPPORT GROUPS (e.g. FICT), CULTURAL ART, COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND PROJECTS,...To restore meaning and purpose and as a result contribute to overcoming shattered assumptions and hopelessness
Deprivation...
Humiliation...
Separation...
Disengagement...
Violence...
STARTTS Systematic Approach towards the Recovery of Trauma Survivors
8 SESSION 2
SESSION 2
Key Concepts for Engaging Effectively with Refugee Communities
9
‘Recovery from trauma is based upon the empowerment of the survivor and the creation of new connections’ (Judith Herman, 1992).
‘Recovery can only take place within the context of relationships; it cannot occur in isolation’ (ibid).
‘Resilience is generally described as a person’s capacity to prevent, minimize or overcome the damaging effects of adversity’ (Grotberg, 1996).
‘It is influenced by protective factors such as a strong sense of self, family connections, social networks and access to existing resources' (ibid).
‘Empowerment is recognised as the process that fosters people’s capacity to take control and implement change in their lives by taking action through their own efforts on issues that affect them’ (Morden and Delamere, 2005).
‘It requires community involvement and skills in decision-making and problem solving’ (ibid).
SESSION 2
Key Concepts for Engaging Effectively with Refugee Communities (cont’)
10
‘Social relations have a huge impact on people's wellbeing’ (Professor Berkman, 2003).
‘People’s inclusion and participation in social groups or community organisations and networks contributes to better individual health and the common good’ (ibid).
SESSION 3
Community Development Models
Social Capital
Empowerment
Capacity
Development
11
SESSION 3
Needs Assessment Versus Asset Based Community Development
12
Needs Assessment
often results with
a map of:
unemployment
crime
deficient infrastructures
Lack of Public Space
under-employment
domestic violence
illiteracy in own
language
school drop outs
limited access to IT
racism
welfare dependency
inadequate housing
disengagement
other problems
But, there is
also a map
of the
community’s:
media
Lib
r
arie
s handhelpin
g
Community Programs
goodwill,
commi
tment
Volunteering
Vacant Land and Buildings Entrepreneurship
talent
know how
Creativity Energy
investment
opportunitiescooperative
other
capabilities and possibilities
of which one’s
can build upon
and encourage
effective community
development alternatives.
Scho
ols
experience skills
Instead of asking
“What’s wrong and
how do we fix it”, ask
“What have we got,
what has worked,
and how do we
get more of it?”
If we focus on
what is wrong or
what is missing,
we tend to see
everything through
that lens (Smeaton, 2009).
SESSION 3
Asset Based Community Development - Sample Mapping
13
Volunteer
Organis
ations Vacant
Land
and
Buil
dings
Librari
es Local Media
Home Based Enterprises
Gifts of
Labelled
People
Community Programs,
Events
Cooper
atives
Individual
CapacityIn
vest
ment
Schools
Personal Savings
Local Businesses and Shops
Worship Places and Religious Organisations
NGOsInfor
mal
Groups
Social Services
Parks
Social Network
s
Sporting
Facilities
Cultural and art venues
Energy and WasteResources Government
AgenciesLocal
Council
Higher Education Institutions
Community Health Centres and Hospitals
Police and
Emergency
Services
Grants C
ap
ital
Imp
rove
men
t
Loa
ns
Welfare
Scholarship, Traineeship
Public
Information
Building Blocks
PrimaryIndividual and Organisational Assets
SecondaryNGOs, Institutionsand Physical Resources
PotentialResources originating outside the community and controlled by outsiders
AA: Community Leader
B
B: TAFEC1C1: Local Council
C2
C2: Library
D
D: Funding Body
E
E: Project PartnerF
F: Target Group
G
G: Alternative Venue
Legend
YOU
Collective Narrative Practices14SESSION 3
Collective Narrative Practices (cont’)15SESSION 3
Community Development Modelsand Strength Based Approaches
16CONCLUSION
Chiku Malunga and Rick James, 2004 Using African Proverbs in Organisational Capacity Building
‘A changed place cannot
transform an individual
but a transformed individual
can change a place?’